@ARTICLE{Chauke_Tebogo_M.D._Characterisation_Early, author={Chauke, Tebogo M.D. and Monapathi, Mzimkhulu E. and Mashifana, Tebogo and Modise, Johannes S. and Okoli, Bamidele J.}, journal={Journal of Water and Land Development}, pages={63-71}, howpublished={online}, year={Early Access}, publisher={Polish Academy of Sciences; Institute of Technology and Life Sciences - National Research Institute}, abstract={ Galvanisation, a critical industrial process for rust prevention, generates effluents containing heavy metals and other pollutants, posing environmental and health risks. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a combined lime- anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) treatment to reduce these contaminants from effluent generated by the galvanising industry in Gauteng, South Africa. Effluent samples were collected and analysed for heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn, Fe) and physicochemical parameters, including electrical conductivity, chloride, and pH, using standard methods. Untreated effluent exhibited high levels of heavy metals, particularly lead, zinc, manganese, and iron, far exceeding local discharge limits. Post-treatment analysis showed substantial reductions in metal concentrations, achieving compliance with regulatory standards, with pH-adjusted to optimal levels for metal hydroxide precipitation. Additionally, chloride concentrations were reduced from 14,383.24 mg∙dm−3 to 3,890.40 mg∙dm−3 and electrical conductivity from 130.50 to 21.10 μS∙cm−1. Despite these improvements, the values still exceeded the municipality’s discharge limits of 500 mg∙dm−3 for chloride and 0.1 μS∙cm−1 for conductivity, indicating residual high ion concentrations. While the lime-PAM treatment effectively improved effluent quality, the results suggest a need for supplementary treatments to achieve full compliance with stringent regulatory standards. Overall, the lime-PAM approach shows potential for reducing heavy metals and physicochemical contaminants reduction in galvanising effluent. However, further optimisation and integration of advanced treatment technologies are recommended to enhance efficacy and ensure environmental compliance.}, title={Characterisation of galvanisation effluent using lime-anionic polyacrylamide: A case study from Gauteng, South Africa}, type={Article}, URL={http://czasopisma.pan.pl/Content/133987/2025-01-JWLD-07.pdf}, doi={10.24425/jwld.2025.153517}, keywords={coagulation, coagulation-flocculation, galvanisation industry, heavy metals, industrial effluent}, }