@ARTICLE{Antoniuk_Paweł_Estimating_Online,
 author={Antoniuk, Paweł and Zieliński, Sławomir K.},
 journal={Archives of Acoustics},
 howpublished={online},
 year={Online first},
 publisher={Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Committee on Acoustics},
 abstract={Binaural audio technology has been in existence for many years. However, its popularity has significantly increased over the past decade as a consequence of advancements in virtual reality and streaming techniques. Along with its growing popularity, the quantity of publicly accessible binaural audio recordings has also expanded. Consequently, there is now a need for automated and objective retrieval of spatial content information, with ensemble location and width being the most prominent. This study presents a novel method for estimating these ensemble parameters in binaural recordings of music. For this purpose, a dataset of 23 040 binaural recordings was synthesized from 192 publicly-available music recordings using 30 head-related transfer functions. The synthesized excerpts were then used to train a multi-task spectrogram-based convolutional neural network model, aiming to estimate the ensemble location and width for unseen recordings. The results indicate that a model for estimating ensemble parameters can be successfully constructed with low prediction errors: 4.76∘ (±0.10∘) for ensemble location and 8.57∘ (±0.19∘) for ensemble width. The method developed in this study outperforms previous spatiogram-based techniques recently published in the literature and shows promise for future development as part of a novel tool for binaural audio recordings analysis.  },
 type={Article},
 title={Estimating Ensemble Location and Width in Binaural Recordings of Music with Convolutional Neural Networks},
 URL={http://czasopisma.pan.pl/Content/134087/aoa.2025.153648.pdf},
 doi={10.24425/aoa.2025.153648},
 keywords={ensemble width, ensemble location, binaural, spatial audio, localization, convolutional neural network, head-related transfer function, angle of arrival},
}