@ARTICLE{Li_Hui_Design_Early,
 author={Li, Hui},
 journal={Archives of Electrical Engineering},
 pages={83-101},
 howpublished={online},
 year={Early access},
 publisher={Polish Academy of Sciences},
 abstract={This paper proposes a novel improved hybrid permanent magnet Vernier machine (IHPMVM), which is characterized by less-rare-earth (LRE) and high torque-density. The proposed machine features a hybrid magnet arrangement, which adopts both rare earth (RE) and LRE magnets in one magnetic pole simultaneously. The proposed improved design can reduce the consumptions of RE materials by employing low-cost LRE magnets in place of RE magnets. Besides, the hybrid magnet arrangement design has a good magnetic flux-concentrated effect, resulting in high torque density. Particularly, dummy slots are introduced to achieve a flux modulation effect. This unique design effectively reduces the inevitable leakage flux, thereby further improving the utilization of PMs and torque density. Firstly, the machine configuration and its improved design are introduced and investigated. Then, a multi-objective optimization is carried out to obtain the optimal design of the proposed machine considering comprehensive performance. Furthermore, the preliminary electromagnetic characteristics of the proposed machine are compared and analyzed using finite element (FE) methods, which verifies the effectiveness of the optimization. Finally, the demagnetization risk of the LRE magnets is evaluated. This paper is expected to provide a technical reference for designing LRE machines.},
 type={Article},
 title={Design and optimization of an improved hybrid permanent magnets Vernier machine with less-rare-earth and high torque density},
 URL={http://czasopisma.pan.pl/Content/134111/PDF/05_2k.pdf},
 doi={10.24425/aee.2025.153014},
 keywords={flux modulation effect, hybrid magnets, less-rare-earth, multi-objective optimization, Vernier machine},
}