@ARTICLE{Rostański_Krzysztof_Marek_Modernism_2024,
 author={Rostański, Krzysztof Marek},
 volume={vol. LII/1},
 journal={Teka Komisji Urbanistyki i Architektury Oddziału Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Krakowie},
 pages={229–257},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2024},
 publisher={Polsh Academy of Sciences, Branch in Kraków (Polska Akademia Nauk Oddział w Krakowie)},
 abstract={In early 20th-century Poland, stylistic trends in literature, art and architecture were determined by Modernism. Modernism increasingly adopted the reflective outlook of Surrealism. Architecture drew inspiration initially from the art of Young Poland, then from Art Deco, and in the end from Surrealism. The transformation process can be discerned in the spas of southern Lesser Poland, a region of Poland. In Rabka, near the sanatorium for children, there appeared a park designed in the Surrealist style by Stanisław Gruszka in 1949. This article presents the cultural background of this object. This study analyses of Surrealism and Modernism as well as their interrelation. The layout of its paths can be compared to the Surrealist symbolism with its referents such as women’s heads with various attributes in the form of earrings, lips, a headdress or a fantastic bird, a sitting child or a teddy bear, or perhaps a referent of a nude. The Surrealist symmetry is not perfect, its edges similar but not identical. Only the trees retain full symmetry, enhancing the vividness of the referent under the custom pressure of its environment. Upon analysing other park designs from the period in question, it can be concluded that the park in Rabka is the first in the world to be fully Surrealist not only in its furnishings but also in its structure. What may seem abstract at first glance, actually, has its own referent whose ambiguity leads us into a dream-like reality},
 type={Article},
 title={Modernism in the Spas of Southern Lesser Poland and the Surrealist Park in Rabka As Its Finale Before the Doctrine of Socialist Realism in 1949},
 URL={http://czasopisma.pan.pl/Content/134119/PDF/10_Teka_tom_specjalny_2024_popr1.pdf},
 doi={10.24425/tkuia.2024.152193},
 keywords={Surrealism, Modernism, spa, Lesser Poland, Rabka, park},
}