@ARTICLE{Smolarczyk_Andrzej_Polish_2025,
 author={Smolarczyk, Andrzej},
 number={Tom LXII},
 pages={299–331},
 journal={Rozprawy z Dziejów Oświaty},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2025},
 publisher={Instytut Historii Nauki im. L. & A. Birkenmajerów Polskiej Akademii Nauk},
 publisher={Polska Akademia Nauk},
 abstract={The authorities of the Second Polish Republic treated Lithuanian education as a bargaining tool in international relations with Lithuania. It was used to pressure Lithuania into adopting a more favorable attitude toward the Polish minority living there. Similarly, the Lithuanian authorities in Kaunas treated the issue of Polish education in Lithuania as an element of political struggle. For Lithuanians, apart from the national question—understood as the preservation of Lithuanian identity and culture—the issue of Vilnius, incorporated by Poland into its state structures, was crucial. Lithuanian education in Poland became a tool in influencing the attitudes of the Lithuanian minority regarding the Vilnius dispute. Political agitation by Lithuanian parties targeted Lithuanian state schools, which were widely boycotted. Lithuanians sought to strengthen Lithuanian private education, while the Polish authorities tried to limit and control it.},
 title={Polish State Policy Regarding Lithuanian Education in the Vilnius Region in the Interwar Period (1919–1939)},
 type={Artykuł},
 URL={http://czasopisma.pan.pl/Content/137391/Smolarczyk.pdf},
 doi={10.24425/rdos.2025.156662},
 keywords={Lithuanian education, private education, Lithuanian minority, educational policy, Vilnius Region},
}