How to search?
advanced search
Applied sciences

Opto-Electronics Review

Opto-Electronics Review

Description
Opto-Electronics Review is peer-reviewed and quarterly published by the Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN) and the Association of Polish Electrical Engineers (SEP) in electronic version. It covers the whole field of theory, experimental techniques, and instrumentation and brings together, within one journal, contributions from a wide range of disciplines. The scope of the published papers includes any aspect of scientific, technological, technical and industrial works concerning generation, transmission, transformation, detection and application of light and other forms of radiative energy whose quantum unit is photon. Papers covering novel topics extending the frontiers in optoelectronics or photonics are very encouraged.
It has been established for the publication of high-quality original papers from the following fields:


  • Optical Design and Applications,
  • Image Processing (without AI Algorithm Optimisation)
  • Plasmonics, nanooptics, and metamaterials,
  • Optoelectronic Materials,
  • Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical Systems,
  • Infrared Physics and Technology,
  • Modelling of Optoelectronic Devices, Semiconductor Lasers

  • Technology and Fabrication of Optoelectronic Devices,
  • Photonic Crystals,
  • Laser Physics, Technology and Applications,
  • Optical Sensors and Applications,
  • Photovoltaics,
  • Biomedical Optics and Photonics

Submit your article


Journal Metrics:
JCR Impact Factor 2023: 1.3
5 Year Impact Factor 2022: 2
SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) 2023: 0.267
Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) 2023: 0.525
CiteScore 2023: 1.9
Ministry of Education and Science 2021*: 100 points
* changed Dec. 1st, 2021

From 1992 to 2005 the Journal was published only in the paper form. From 2006 it was available also online. Since 2017 Opto-Eelectronics Review is published only in electronic form. All volumes issued online by the end of 2019 can be found on the following websites:

Years 2017-2019: https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/opto-electronics-review/issues
Years 2015-2016: https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/oere
Years 2006-2014: https://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/11772
Years 1992-2005 (scanned version): https://optor.wat.edu.pl/contents.htm

ISSN
ISSN 1896-3757
Publishers
Polish Academy of Sciences (under the auspices of the Committee on Electronics and Telecommunication) and Association of Polish Electrical Engineers in cooperation with Military University of Technology

Opto-Electronics Review - Editorial Board

Editor-in-Chief:
L. R. JAROSZEWICZ, Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland

Deputy Editor-in Chief:
P. MARTYNIUK, Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland


Board of Co-editors:

Optical Design and Applications
V.O. ANGELSKY, Chernivtsi National University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine

Image Processing
M. JÓŹWIK, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland

Plasmonics, nanooptics, and metamaterials
T. ANTOSIEWICZ, Warsaw University, Warsaw, Poland

Modelling of Optoelectronic Devices. Semiconductor Lasers
M. DEMS, Łódź Technical University, Łódź, Poland

Optoelectronics Materials
D. DOROSZ, AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland

Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical Systems
T.P. GOTSZALK, Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland

Infrared Physics and Technology
M. KOPYTKO, Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
F. WANG, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Technology and Fabrication of Optoelectronic Devices
J. MUSZALSKI, Institute of Electron Technology, Warsaw, Poland

Photonic Crystals
K. PANAJOTOV, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium

Laser Physics, Technology and Applications
J. ŚWIDERSKI, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland

Optical Sensors and Applications
M. ŚMIETANA, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland

Photovoltaics
A. IWAN, Military Institute of Engineer Technology, Wroclaw, Poland

Biomedical Optics and Photonics
A. LIEBERT, Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw, Poland


International Editorial Advisory Board


D. BIMBERG, Technische Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany

F. CAPASSO, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA

A.I. DIROCHKA, Production Center ORION, Moscow, Russia

P.G. ELISEEV, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA

P. HARING−BOLIVAR, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany

M. HENINI, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England

B. JASKORZYNSKA, Royal Institute of Technology, Kista, Sweden

M. KIMATA, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan

R. KLETTE, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

S. KRISHNA, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA

H.C. LIU, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

J. MISIEWICZ, Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland

E. OZBAY, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey

J.G. PELLEGRINI, Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate, Fort Belvoir, USA

M. RAZEGHI, Northwestern University, Evanston, USA

A. ROGALSKI, Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland

P. RUSSELL, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany

V. RYZHII, University of Aizu, Aizu, Japan

C. SIBILIA, Universita' di Roma “La Sapienza”, Roma, Italy

A. TORRICELLI, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy

T. WOLIŃSKI, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland

W. WOLIŃSKI, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland

S.−T. WU, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA

Y.P. YAKOVLEV, Ioffe Physicotechnical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia

J. ZIELŃSKI, Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland


Language Editor

J. Kulesza, e-mail: jolanta.kulesza@wat.edu.pl


Technical Editors:

R.Podraza, e-mail: renata.podraza@wat.edu.pl

E.Sadowska, e-mail: elzbieta.sadowska@wat.edu.pl

Publisher:

Polish Academy of Sciences and Association of Polish Electrical Engineers

Editorial office:

Military University of Technology,

ul. gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2

00 – 908 Warsaw, Poland

opelre@wat.edu.pl

Opto-Electronics Review is an open access journal with all content available with no charge in full text version.


The journal content is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

  • Volumes
  • Instructions for authors
  • Additional info

Select number

Content

Opto-Electronics Review | 2021 | 29 | 4

1 Optical MIDO – Multiple Inputs - Digital Output – device
Antonio M. Alaíz-Gudín , Ana P. González-Marcos
Opto-Electronics Review | 2021 | 29 | 4 | 106-116 | DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2021.139384
Keywords: distributed feedbeck laser multi quantum well optical bistability semiconductor laser
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Advances in photonic technologies, with new processes and scopes of photonic integrated circuits, have generated a lot of interest as the field allows to obtain sensors with reduced size and cost and build systems with high interconnectivity and information density. In this work, answering the needs of photonic sensors that must be portable, more energy-efficient, and more accurate than their electrical counterparts, also with a view to the emerging field of neuromorphic photonics, a versatile device is presented. The proposed device makes use of the well-known advantages provided by optical bistability. By combining two distributed feedback-multi quantum well semiconductor laser structures, this new optical multiple inputs - digital output device offers various essential purposes (such as logic gates, wavelength detector and monitoring) with no need for specific manufacturing for each of them. Through a commercial computer-aided design tool, VPIphotonics™, the necessary characterization of proposed device is also described.
Go to article

Bibliography

  1. Lasher, G. J. Analysis of a proposed bistable injection laser. Solid State Electron. 7, 707–716 (1964). https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-1101(64)90027-9
  2. Gibbs, H. M. Optical bistability: Controlling light with light. Orlando, Fl: Academic (Academic Press, INC., 1985). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2820150
  3. Kawaguchi, H. & Iwane, G. Bistable operation in semiconductor lasers with inhomogeneous excitation. Electron. Lett. 17, 167–168 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1049/el:19810117
  4. Lattes, A., Haus, H. A., Leonberger, F. J. & Ippen, E. P. An ultrafast all-optical gate. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 19, 1718–1723 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1109/jqe.1983.1071766
  5. Wang, S. W., Wang, C. & Ling, S. Stability analysis of semicon-ductor bistable lasers. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 23, 1033–1038 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1109/jqe.1987.1073447
  6. Hui, R. Static and dynamical properties of dispersive optical bistability in semiconductor lasers. J. Light. Technol. 13, 42–48 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1109/50.350648
  7. Li, L. Optical frequency bistability and power bistability in semicon-ductors lasers. IEEE J. of Quantum Electron. 31, 233–239 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1109/3.348050
  8. Midwinter, J. E. 'Light' electronics, myth or reality? IEE Proc., J. Optoelectron. 132, 371–383 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1049/ip-j.1985.0070
  9. Sharfin, W. F. & Dagenaisa, M. Room-temperature optical bistability in InGaAsP/InP amplifiers and implications for passive devices. Appl. Phys. Lett. 46, 819–821 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.95895
  10. Inoue, K. High-speed all-optical gate switching experiment in a Fabry-Perot semiconductor laser amplifier. Electron. Lett. 23, 921–922 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1049/el:19870649
  11. González-Marcos, A. P. & Martín-Pereda, J. A. Method to analyze the influence of hysteresis in optical arithmetic units. Opt. Eng. 40, 2371–2385 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.1413747
  12. González-Marcos, A. P. & Martín-Pereda, J. A. Analysis of irregular behaviour on an optical computing logic cell. Opt. Laser Technol. 32, 457–466 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1016/s0030-3992(00)00099-2
  13. González-Marcos, A. P. & Martín-Pereda, J. A. Coder/decoder with an optical programmable logic cell. Proc. Photonic Devices and Algorithms for Computing IV (SPIE) 4788, 126–134 (2002). https://doi.otg/10.1117/12.451553
  14. Martín-Pereda, J. A. & González-Marcos, A. P. Logic cells as basic structures to add/drop WDM information signals. Proc. Photonic Devices and Algorithms for Computing IV (SPIE) 4788, 73–82 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.451587
  15. Martín-Pereda, J. A. & González-Marcos, A. P. An approach to visual cortex operation: optical neuron model. in IEEE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Opt. Europe 355–356 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.1994.636629
  16. Peng, H. T. et al. Neuromorphic photonic integrated circuits. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 24, 8364605 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2018.2840448
  17. Kim, M., Kim, S. & Kim, S. Resonator-free optical bistability based on epsilon-near-zero mode. Sci. Rep. 9, (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-43067-z
  18. Kawaguchi, H., Magari, K., Yasaka, H., M. Fukuda & Oe, K. Tunable optical-wavelength conversion using an optically triggerable multielectrode distributed feedback laser diode. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 24, 2153–2159 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1109/3.8558
  19. Kawaguchi, H. Bistable operation of semiconductor lasers by optical injection. Electron. Lett. 17, 741–742 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1049/el:19810521
  20. Kawaguchi, H. Absorptive and dispersive bistability in semicon-ductor injection lasers. Opt. and Quantum Electron. 19, S1–S36 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02034349
  21. Otsuka, K. & Iwamura, H. Analysis of a multistable semiconductor light amplifier. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 19, 1184–1186 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1109/jqe.1983.1072006
  22. Nakai, T., Ogasawara, N. & Ito, R. Optical bistability in a semicon-ductor laser amplifier. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 22, L310–L312 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1143/jjap.22.l310
  23. Adams, M. J., Westlake, H. J., O’Mahony, M. J. & Henning, I. D. A comparison of active and passive optical bistability in semicon-ductors. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 21, 1498–1504 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1109/jqe.1985.1072818
  24. Westlake, H. J., Adams, M. J. & O’Mahony, M. J. Measurement of optical bistability in an InGaAsP laser amplifier at 1.5 µm. Electron. Lett. 21, 992–993 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1049/el:19850701
  25. Hurtado-Villavieja, A. Bistable photonic structures for computing and switching. (ETSIT, UPM, Polytechnic University of Madrid, 2006).
  26. Vivero-Palmer, T. R. Analysis of Photonic Structures for Optical Networks. (ETSIT, UPM, Polytechnic University of Madrid, 2010).
  27. Carroll, J., Whiteaway, J. & Plumb, D. Distributed Feedback Semiconductor Lasers. (The Institution of Electrical Engineers and SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 1998). https://doi.org/10.1049/pbcs010e
  28. Ghafouri-Shiraz, H. Distributed Feedback Laser and Optical Tunable Filters. (John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2003).
  29. Morrison, G. B. et al. High Power single mode photonic integration. in IEEE High Power Diode Lasers and Systems Conference HPD 47, 48 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/HPD48113.2019.8938603
  30. Liu, Y. et al. High-power AlGaInAs/InP DFB lasers with low divergence angle. in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and European Quantum Electronics Conference CLEO/Europe-EQEC (Germany, 2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/cleoe-eqec.2019.8872502
  31. Liu, S. et al. High-power single-longitudinal-mode dfb semiconductor laser based on sampled Moiré grating. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 31, 751–754 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2019.2906562
  32. Guo, K. et al. Symmetric step-apodized distributed feedback fiber laser with improved efficiency. IEEE Photonics J. 11, (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2019.2921628
  33. Wang, B., Zhou, Y., Guo, Z. & Wu, X. Design for distributed feedback laser biosensors based on the active grating model. Sensors 19, 2569 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/s19112569
  34. Dhoore, S., Köninger, A., Meyer, R., Roelkens, G. & Morthier, G. Electronically Tunable distributed feedback (DFB) laser on silicon. Laser Photonics Rev. 13, 1800287 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.201800287
  35. Wanga, J. et al. Near-infrared methane sensor based on a distributed feedback laser. Spectrosc. Lett. 52, 1–8 (2019). https://doi.org/0.1080/00387010.2019.1569063
  36. Guoa, Y. et al. A portable laser-based sensor for detecting h2s in domestic natural gas. Infrared Phys. Technol. 105, 103153 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infrared.2019.103153
  37. Hatori, N. et al. First demonstration of a hybrid integrated light source on a si platform using a quantum dot laser under wide temperature range. in IEEE Photonics Conference (Bellevue, USA, 2013). https://doi.org/10.1109/IPCon.2013.6656422
  38. Kozlov, V. G., Bulovic, V. & Forrest, S. R. Temperature independent performance of organic semiconductor lasers. App. Phys. Lett. 71, 2575–2577 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.120186
  39. Asryan, L. V. & Luryi, S. Semiconductor laser with reduced tem-perature sensitivity. US Patent no. 6,870,178 B2 (2005).
  40. Miller, D. A. B. et al. The quantum well self-electrooptic effect device: Optoelectronic bistability and oscillation, and self-linearized modulation. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 21, 1462–1476 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1109/jqe.1985.1072821
  41. Vivero-Palmer, T. R., Rivas-Moscoso, J. M., González-Marcos, A. P. & Martín-Pereda, J. A. Dispersive optical bistability in Quantum Wells with logarithmic gain. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 46, 1184–1190 (2010). https://doi.org/0.1109/jqe.2010.2044974
  42. Vivero-Palmer, T. R., Rivas-Moscoso, J. M., González-Marcos, A. P. & Pereda, J. A. M. Dispersive optical bistability in bulk InGaAsP Fabry-Pérot lasers. Reunión Esp. de Optoelectrón. (OPTOEL) OPTOEL’09, Libro de Actas, 209–214 (2009) [in Spanish].
  43. VPIcomponentMakerTM Photonic Circuits User’s Manual (Module Reference). (VPIphotonicsTM: 2019).
  44. González-Marcos, A. P., Campoy-Fernández, J., Alaíz-Gudín, A. M., Pacheco-Ordóñez, F. & Pedro-Carracedo, J. de Fotónica y Defensa en el Año de la Luz. Congreso Nacional de I+D en Def. y Segur. (DESEi+D) DESEi+D 2015, 705–714 (2015) [in Spanish].
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Antonio M. Alaíz-Gudín
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ana P. González-Marcos
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Photonic Technology and Bioengineering Department, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, 28040 Spain
2 A weakly coupled multi-core fibre-based Michelson interferometer composed of an in-fibre coupler
Farhan Mumtaz , Yutang Dai , Hu Wenbin , Lashari G. Abbas , Rashda Parveen , Muhammad A. Ashraf 
Opto-Electronics Review | 2021 | 29 | 4 | 117-125 | DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2021.139436
Keywords: Michelson interferometer in-fibre coupler seven core fibre temperature sensor
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

A compact temperature measuring device using a weakly coupled multi-core fibre in the Michelson interferometer structure is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The device is manufactured by an easy and simple splicing approach which consists of a multi-core fibre segment and an in-fibre coupler. In-fibre coupler is made of a cascaded single-mode fibre and multi-core fibre balls. It enhances the interference phenomenon of light energy between the central core and the outer cores of a multi-core fibre. The sensor shows a high quality fringe visibility of about 14–18 dB in the wavelength spectrum. Multi-core structure presents multi-path interferences and exhibits a maximum temperature sensitivity of 70.6 pm/°C in the range of 20–90°C with an insensitive response to the refractive index in the range of 1.334 to 1.354. The device has the advantages of compact size, easy manufacturing, and it solves cross-sensitivity between temperature and refractive index making it an authentic real-time temperature monitoring solution.
Go to article

Bibliography

  1. Yu, J. et al.Multi-parameter sensor based on the fibre Bragg grating combined with triangular-lattice four-core fibre. Optik 208, 164094 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.164094
  2. Cao, Y. et al. Simultaneous measurement of temperature and refractive index based on microfibre Bragg Grating in Sagnac loop. Opt. Fibre Technol. 47, 147–151 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2018.11.028
  3. Zhao, C.-L., Demokan, M., Jin, W. & Xiao, L. A cheap and practical FBG temperature sensor utilizing a long-period grating in a photonic crystal fibre. Opt. Commun. 276, 242–245 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2007.04.037
  4. Fu, X. et al. Refractive index insensitive temperature sensor based on specialty triple-clad fibre. Opt. Express 23, 2320–2327 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.23.002320
  5. Liu, Q. et al. Refractive index insensitive temperature sensor based on waist-enlarged few mode fibre bitapers. Optoelectron. Lett. 13, 25–28 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11801-017-6200-0
  6. H. &. Shu, X. Miniature all-fibre high temperature sensor based on Michelson interferometer formed with a novel core-mismatching fibre joint. IEEE Sens. J. 17, 3341–3345 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2017.2693386
  7. Bao, L., Dong, X., Shum, P. P. & Shen, Ch. Compact temperature sensor with highly germania-doped fibre-based Michelson interferometer. IEEE Sens. J. 18, 8017–8021 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2018.2864799
  8. Qi, K., Zhang, Y., Sun, J. & Yi, G. All-fibre high temperature and refractive index sensor based on three microspheres array Michelson interferometer. Opt. Laser Technol. 129, 106300 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2020.106300
  9. Wang, J. et al. A novel fibre in-line Michelson interferometer based on end face packaging for temperature and refractive index measurement. Optik 194, 163094 (2019) . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.163094
  10. Duan, L. et al. Heterogeneous all-solid multicore fibre based multipath Michelson interferometer for high temperature sensing. Opt. Express 24, 20210–20218 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.24.020210
  11. Zhao, Y. et al. An integrated fibre Michelson interferometer based on twin-core and side-hole fibres for multiparameter sensing. J. Light. Technol. 36, 993–997 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2017.2753256
  12. Rugeland, P. & Margulis, W. Revisiting twin-core fibre sensors for high-temperature measurements. Appl. Opt. 51, 6227–6232 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.51.006227
  13. Dang, Y. et al. Towards large dynamic range and ultrahigh measurement resolution in distributed fibre sensing based on multicore fibre. Opt. Express 25, 20183–20193 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.25.020183
  14. Hu, W. et al. Etched multicore fibre Bragg gratings for refractive index sensing with temperature in-line compensation. OSA Continuum 3, 1058–1067 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1364/OSAC.387019
  15. Chunxia, Y. et al. Weakly-coupled multicore optical fibre taper-based high-temperature sensor. Sens. Actuator A Physi. 280, 139–144 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2018.07.016
  16. Cheng, P. et al. Refractive index interferometer based on SMF-MMF-TMCF-SMF structure with low temperature sensitivity. Opt. Fibre Technol. 57, 102233 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2020.102233
  17. Guo, D. et al. Tapered multicore fibre interferometer for refractive index sensing with graphene enhancement. Appl. Opt. 59, 3927–3932 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.385324
  18. Zhang, C. et al. Refractive index sensor based on tapered multicore fibre. Opt. Fibre Technol. 33, 71–76 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2016.11.008
  19. Antonio-Lopez, J. E. et al. Multicore fibre sensor for high-temperature applications up to 1000°C. Opt. Lett. 39, 4309–4312 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.39.004309
  20. Qi, Y. et al. A novel high sensitivity refractive index sensor based on multi-core micro/nano fibre. Photonic Sens. 9, 197–204 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13320-019-0554-9
  21. Mumtaz, F., Dai, Y. & Ashraf, M. A. Inter-cross de-modulated refractive index and temperature sensor by an etched multi-core fibre of a MZI structure. J. Light. Technol. 38, 6948–6953 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2020.3014857
  22. Mumtaz, F. et al. A design of taper-like etched multicore fibre refractive index-insensitive a temperature highly sensitive Mach-Zehnder interferometer. IEEE Sens. J. 20, 7074–7081 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2020.2978533
  23. Zhao, Z. et al. All-solid multi-core fibre-based multipath Mach–Zehnder interferometer for temperature sensing. Appl. Phys. B 112, 491–497 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-013-5634-8
  24. Zhou, S., Huang, B. & Shu, X. A multi-core fibre based interferometer for high temperature sensing. Meas. Sci. Technol. 28, 045107 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/AA5E82
  25. Kilic, S. G. et al. Refractometer with etched chirped fibre Bragg grating Fabry–Perot interferometer in multicore fibre. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 31, 575–578 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2019.2900621
  26. Barrera, D., Madrigal, J. & Sales S. Long period gratings in multicore optical fibres for directional curvature sensor implementation. J. Light. Technol. 36, 1063–1068 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2017.2764951
  27. Madrigal, J., Barrera, D. & Sales, S. Refractive index and temperature sensing using inter-core crosstalk in multicore fibres. J. Light. Technol. 37, 4703–4709 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2019.2917629
  28. Mumtaz, F. et al. Thermo-coupled temperature sensors by seven-core MCF structures. in 2020 IEEE Sensors 1–4 (IEEE Rotterdam, Netherlands, 2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS47125.2020.9278856
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Farhan Mumtaz
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Yutang Dai
3
ORCID: ORCID
Hu Wenbin
3
Lashari G. Abbas
3 1
Rashda Parveen
2
Muhammad A. Ashraf 
2
  1. School of Information and Communication Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122#, Wuhan 430070, China
  2. Communications Lab., Department of Electronics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
  3. National Engineering Laboratory for Fibre Optic Sensing Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122#, Wuhan 430070, China
3 Formula for temperature distribution in multi-layer optical fibres for high-power fibre lasers
Martin Grábner , Pavel Peterka , Pavel Honzátko
Opto-Electronics Review | 2021 | 29 | 4 | 126-132 | DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2021.139482
Keywords: high-power fibre lasers active optical fibres temperature distribution heat transfer
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

High power fibre lasers need to be cooled efficiently to avoid their thermal damage. Temperature distribution in fibre should be estimated during the fibre laser design process. The steady-state heat equation in a cylindrical geometry is solved to derive a practical formula for temperature radial distribution in multi-layered optical fibres with arbitrary number of the layers. The heat source is located in one or more cylindrical domains. The validity of the analytical formula is tested by comparison with static heat transfer simulations of typical application examples including octagonal double clad fibre, air-clad fibre, fibre with nonuniform, microstructured core. The accuracy sufficient for practical use is reported even for cases with not exactly cylindrical domains.
Go to article

Bibliography

  1. Zervas, M. N. & Codemard, C. . High power fiber lasers: A review. IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron. 20, 219–241 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2014.2321279
  2. Davis, M. K., Digonnet, M. J. F. & Pantell, R. H. Thermal effects in doped fibers. J. Light. Technol. 16, 1013 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1109/50.681458
  3. Brown, D. C. & Hoffman, H. J. Thermal, stress, and thermo-optic effects in high average power double-clad silica fiber lasers. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 37, 207–217 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1109/3903070
  4. Limpert, J. et al. Thermo-optical properties of air-clad photonic crystal fiber lasers in high power operation. Opt. Express 11, 2982–2990 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.11.002982
  5. Wang, Y., Xu, Ch.-Q. & Po, H. Thermal effects in kilowatt fiber lasers. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 16, 63–65 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2003.818913
  6. Zintzen, B., Langer, T., Geiger, J., Hoffmann, D. & Loosen, P. Heat transport in solid and air-clad fibers for high-power fiber lasers. Opt. Express 15, 16787–16793 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.15.016787
  7. Lapointe, M.-A., Chatigny, S., Piché, M., Cain-Skaff, M. & Maran, J.-N. Thermal effects in high-power CW fiber lasers. in Fiber Lasers VI: Technology, Systems, and Applications, Proc. SPIE 7195, 430–440 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.809021
  8. Liu, T., Yang, Z. M. & Xu, S. H. Analytical investigation on transient thermal effects in pulse end-pumped short-length fiber laser. Opt. Express 17, 12875–12890 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.17.012875
  9. Sabaeian, M., Nadgaran, H., Sario, M. D., Mescia, L. & Prudenzano, F. Thermal effects on double clad octagonal Yb:glass fiber laser. Opt. Mater. 31, 1300–1305 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2008.10.034
  10. Ashoori, V. & Malakzadeh, A. Explicit exact three-dimensional analytical temperature distribution in passively and actively cooled high-power fibre lasers. J. Phys. D. 44, 355103 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/44/35/355103
  11. Fan, Y. et al. Thermal effects in kilowatt all-fiber MOPA. Opt. Express 19, 15162–15172 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.015162
  12. Fan, Y. et al. Efficient heat transfer in high-power fiber lasers. Chin. Opt. Lett. 10, 111401–111401 (2012). http://col.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=col-10-11-111401
  13. Huang, C. et al. A versatile model for temperature-dependent effects in Tm-doped silica fiber lasers. J. Light. Technol. 32, 421–428 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2013.2283294
  14. Mohammed, Z., Saghafifar, H. & Soltanolkotabi, M. An approximate analytical model for temperature and power distribution in high-power Yb-doped double-clad fiber lasers. Laser Phys. 24, 115107 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1088/1054-660X/24/11/115107
  15. Yang, J., Wang, Y., Tang, Y. & Xu, J. Influences of pump transitions on thermal effects of multi-kilowatt thulium-doped fiber lasers. arXiv preprint arXiv:1503.07256 (2015). https://arxiv.org/abs/1503.07256
  16. Daniel, J. M. O., Simakov, N., Hemming, A., Clarkson, W. A. & Haub, J. Metal clad active fibres for power scaling and thermal management at kW power levels. Opt. Express 24, 18592–18606 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.24.018592
  17. Karimi, M. Theoretical study of the thermal distribution in Yb-doped double-clad fiber laser by considering different heat sources. Prog. Electromagn. Res. C 88, 59–76 (2018). https://doi.org/10.2528/PIERC18081505
  18. Lv, Y., Zheng, H. & Liu, S. Analytical thermal resistance model for high power double-clad fiber on rectangular plate with convective cooling at upper and lower surfaces. Opt. Commun. 419, 141–149 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2018.03.001
  19. Mafi, A. Temperature distribution inside a double-cladding optical fiber laser or amplifier. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 37, 1821–1828 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.390935
  20. Peterka, P. et al. Thulium-doped silica-based optical fibers for cladding-pumped fiber amplifiers, Opt. Mater. 30, 174–176 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2006.11.039
  21. Peterka, P., Faure, B., Blanc, W., Karásek, M. & Dussardier, B. Theoretical modelling of S-band thulium-doped silica fibre amplifiers. Opt. Quantum Electron. 36, 201–212 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:OQEL.0000015640.82309.7d
  22. Koška, P., Peterka, P. & Doya, V. Numerical modelling of pump absorption in coiled and twisted double-clad fibers. IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron. 22, 55–62 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2015.2490100
  23. Darwich, D. et al., 140 μm single-polarization passive fully aperiodic large-pitch fibers operating near 2 μm. Appl. Opt. 56, 9221–9224 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.56.009221
  24. Franczyk, M., Stępień, R., Filipkowski, A., Pysz, D. & Buczyński, R. Nanostructured core active fiber based on ytterbium doped phosphate glass. IEEE J. Light. Technol. 37, 5885–5891 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2019.2941664
  25. Michalska, M., Brojek, W., Rybak, Z., Sznelewski, P., Mamajek, M. & Świderski, J. Highly stable, efficient Tm-doped fiber laser—a potential scalpel for low invasive surgery. Laser Phys. Lett. 13, 115101 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1088/1612-2011/13/11/115101
  26. Todorov, F. et al. Active optical fibers and components for fiber lasers emitting in the 2-µm spectral range. Materials 13, 5177 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13225177
  27. Engineering ToolBox. Air – thermal conductivity. (2009). https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/air-properties-viscosity-conductivity-heat-capacity-d_1509.html
  28. Schreiber, T., Eberhardt, R., Limpert, J. & Tunnermann, A. High-power fiber lasers and amplifiers: fundamentals and enabling technologies to enter the upper limits. in Fiber lasers 7–61 (ed. Okhotnikov, O. G.) (Wiley-VCH, 2012). https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527648641.ch2
  29. Limpert, J. et al. High-power rod-type photonic crystal fiber laser, Opt. Express 13, 1055–1058 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1364/OPEX.13.001055
  30. Limpert, J. et al. Yb-doped large-pitch fibres: effective single-mode operation based on higher-order mode delocalisation. Light Sci. Appl. 1, e8 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1038/lsa.2012.8
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Martin Grábner
1
ORCID: ORCID
Pavel Peterka
1
ORCID: ORCID
Pavel Honzátko
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Department of Fiber Lasers and Nonlinear Optics, Institute of Photonics and Electronics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 1014/57 Chaberská St., 18251 Praha 8, Czech Republic
4 Spectrum sensors for detecting type of airport lamps in a light photometry system
Jakub Suder , Kacper Podbucki , Tomasz Marciniak , Adam Dąbrowski
Opto-Electronics Review | 2021 | 29 | 4 | 133-140 | DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2021.139383
Keywords: optoelectronic sensors colour detection light photometry systems airport lamps
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The paper analyses the operation of different types of electronic colour sensors based on the light spectrum analysis. The application goal was to detect the type of the airport lamp based on differences in colour components of the light emitted by luminaires with specific spectral characteristics. Recognition of airport lamps is based on the analysis of the light spectrum. Proposed solution allows for an automatic software selection of appropriate conversion factors and comparison with specific standards necessary for this type of measurements. Various types of sensors were discussed and the AS7262 sensor was examined in detail. The colour sensor and the light intensity sensor were used in the mobile control device for examining elevated airport lamps and in the measurement platform for quality testing of embedded airport lamps. Two additional aspects were investigated: 1) influence of an additional acrylic glass cover; 2) distance between airport lamps and the spectrum sensor.
Go to article

Bibliography

  1. European Aviation Safety Agency. Certification Specifications (CS) and Guideline Material (GM) for Aerodrome Design. Edition 3, Annex to Decision No. 2016/027/R of the EASA Executive Director. (2016).
  2. Szpakowski, P. Lotnicza choinka czyli o świetlnych pomocach nawigacyjnych i ich kontroli. Safe Sky, Biuletyn Bezpieczeństwa Polskiej Agencji Żeglugi Powietrznej 4, 4–13 (2020) [in Polish].
  3. Novak, T., Dudek, J., Kolar, V., Sokansky, K. & Baleja, R. Solution of problems with short lifetime of airfield halogen lamps. in 18th International Scientific Conference on Electric Power Engineering (EPE) 1–5 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2017.7967298
  4. Suder, J. Podbucki, K., Marciniak, T. & Dąbrowski, A. Low complex¬ity lane detection methods for light photometry system. Electronics 10, 1665 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10141665
  5. Podbucki, K., Suder, J., Marciniak, T. & Dąbrowski, A. Elektroniczna matryca pomiarowa do badania lamp lotniskowych. Prz. Elektrotechniczny 2, 47–51 (2021). https://doi.org/10.15199/48.2021.02.12 [in Polish]
  6. Żagan, W. Podstawy Techniki Świetlnej. (Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Warszawskiej, Warszawa 2005). [in Polish]
  7. Suder, J., Maciejewski, P., Podbucki, K., Marciniak, T. & Dąbrowski, A. Platforma pomiarowa do badania jakości działania lamp lotniskowych. Pomiary, Automatyka, Robotyka 23, 5–13 (2019). https://doi.org/10.14313/PAR_232/5 [in Polish]
  8. Gigahertz-Optik GmbH, X4 Light Analyzer Datasheet (2007). http://www.industrycortex.com/datasheets/profile/506792174
  9. Texas Advanced Optoelectronic Solutions Inc., TCS3472 Colour light-to-digital converter with IR filter, TAOS135 (August 2012). http://www.datenblatt-pdf.com/pinout/911411/TCS3472-schematic.html
  10. Avago Technologies, APDS-9960 Digital Proximity, Ambient Light, RGB and Gesture Sensor, Data Sheet, AV02-4191EN (November 8, 2013). https://content.arduino.cc/assets/Nano_BLE_ Sense_av02-4191en_ds_apds-9960.pdf
  11. Intersil, Digital Red, Green and Blue Colour Light Sensor with IRBlocking Filter ISL29125, FN8424.2, (January 24, 2014). https://cdn.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Sensors/LightImaging/isl29125.pdf
  12. AMS, AS7265x Smart 18-Channel VIS to NIR Spectral_ID 3-Sensor Chipset with Electronic Shutter, Datasheet [v1-04], (July 9, 2018). https://datasheetspdf.com/pdf/1315799/ams/AS72651/1
  13. AMS, AS7341 11-Channel Multi-Spectral Digital Sensor, Datasheet DS000504 [v3-00], (June 25, 2020). https://datasheetspdf.com/pdf/1402690/ams/AS7341/1
  14. AMS, AS7262 6-Channel Visible Spectral_ID Device with Electronic Shutter and Smart Interface, Datasheet [v1-01], (March 17, 2017). https://ams.com/documents/20143/36005/AS7262_ DS000486_2-00.pdf
  15. ADB Safe gate, High Intensity Unidirectional Elevated Light for Approach, Threshold and Runway End and for Sequenced Flashing Lights (SFLS) Runway Threshold Identification (RTILS) Systems, User Manual, UM-4020/AM02-630e, Rev. 2.0, (May 19, 2020). https://adbsafegate.com/documents/2326/en/manual-uel
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Jakub Suder
1
ORCID: ORCID
Kacper Podbucki
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tomasz Marciniak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Adam Dąbrowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Division of Signal Processing and Electronic Systems, Institute of Automation and Robotics, Poznan University of Technology, 24 Jana Pawła II Ave., 60-965 Poznań, Poland
5 Design and analytical calculations of the width and arrangement of quantum well and barrier layers in GaN/AlGaN LED to enhance the performance
Lokesh Sharma , Ritu Sharma
Opto-Electronics Review | 2021 | 29 | 4 | 141-147 | DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2021.139530
Keywords: barrier multi-quantum well light emitting diode power efficiency quantum well
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

This research paper discusses an analytical approach to designing the active region of light emitting diodes to enhance its performance. The layers in the active region were modified and the effects of changing the width of quantum well and barrier layers in a multi-quantum light emitting diode on the output power and efficiency have been investigated. Also, the ratio of the quantum well width to the B layer width was calculated and proposed in this research paper. The study is carried out on two different LED structures. In the first case, the width of the quantum well layers is kept constant while the width of the B layers is varied. In the second case, both the quantum well and B layer widths are varied. Based on the simulation results, it has been observed that the LED power efficiency increases considerably for a given quantum well to B layers width ratio without increasing the production complexity. It is also seen that for a desired power efficiency the width of quantum well should be between 0.003 µm and 0.006 µm, and the range of B width (height) should be 2.2 to 6 times the quantum well width. The proposed study is carried out on the GaN-AlGaN-based multi-quantum well LED structure, but this study can be extended to multiple combinations of the semiconductor structures.
Go to article

Bibliography

  1. Lenk, R. & Lenk, C. Practical Lighting Design with LEDs. (2nd. ed.) (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2017).
  2. , S. M. & Kwok, K. Ng, Physics of Semiconductor Devices. (4th ed.) (Wiley-Interscience, 2006).
  3. Van Zeghbroeck, B. Principles Of Semiconductor Devices. (Prentice-Hall, 2006).
  4. Schulte-Römer, N., Meier, J., Söding, M. & Dannemann, E. The LED paradox: how light pollution challenges experts to reconsider sustainable lighting. Sustainability 11, 6160 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11216160
  5. Sharma, L, & Sharma, R. Optimized design of narrow spectral linewidth nonpolar m-plane InGaN/GaN micro-scale light-emitting diode. J. Opt. 49, 397–402 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-020-00632-4
  6. Rashidi, A. et al. High-speed nonpolar InGaN/GaN LEDs for visible-light communication. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 29, 381–384 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2017.2650681
  7. Shi, J. et al. III-Nitride-based cyan light-emitting diodes with GHz bandwidth for high-speed visible light communicatio. IEEE Electron. Device Lett. 37, 894–897 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/LED.2016.2573265
  8. Gong, M. et al. Semi-polar (20–21) InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells grown on patterned sapphire substrate with internal quantum efficiency up to 52 percent. Appl. Phys. Express. 13, 091002 (2020). https://doi.org/10.35848/1882-0786/abac91
  9. Rouet-Leduc, B., Barros, K., Lookman, T. & Humphreys, C. J. Optimisation of GaN LEDs and the reduction of efficiency droop using active machine learning. Sci. Rep. 6, 24862 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep24862
  10. Piprek, J. Simulation-based machine learning for optoelectronic device design: perspectives, problems, and prospects. Opt. Quantum Electron. 53, 175 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-021-02837-8
  11. Usman, M., Munsif, M. & Abdur-Rehman, A., High internal quantum efficiency of green GaN-based light-emitting diodes by thickness-graded last well/last B and composition-graded electron blocking layer Opt. Quantum Electron. 52, 320 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-020-02436-z
  12. Song, K., Mohseni, M. & Taghipour, F. Application of ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) for water disinfection. Water Res. 94, 341–349 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.03.003
  13. Liao, Ch.-L. et al. High-speed GaN-based blue light-emitting diodes with gallium-doped ZnO current spreading layer. IEEE Electron. Device Lett. 34, 611–613 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1109/LED.2013.2252457
  14. Quan, Z. et al. High bandwidth freestanding semipolar (11–22) InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes. IEEE Photon. J. 8, (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2016.2596245
  15. Shi, J.-W. et al. III-nitride-based cyan light-emitting diodes with GHz bandwidth for high-speed visible light communication. IEEE Electron. Device Lett. 37, 894–897 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/LED.2016.2573265
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Lokesh Sharma
1
Ritu Sharma
1
  1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Malaviya, National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India
6 A review of the current state-of-the-art in Fano resonance-based plasmonic metal-insulator-metal waveguides for sensing applications
Rammani Adhikari , Diksha Chauhan , Genene T. Mola , Ram P. Dwivedi
Opto-Electronics Review | 2021 | 29 | 4 | 148-166 | DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2021.139601
Keywords: coupled resonator Fano resonance finite element method plasmonic nanosensor sensitivity waveguide
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Fano resonance is an optical effect that emerges from the coherent coupling and interference (constructive and destructive) between the continuous state (background process) and the Lorentzian state (resonant process) in the plasmonic waveguide-resonator system. This effect has been used in the applications like optical sensors. These sensors are extensively used in sensing biochemicals and gases by the measurement of refractive index changes as they offer high sensitivity and ultra-high figure of merit. Herein, we surveyed several plasmonic Fano sensors with different geometries composed of metal-insulator-metal waveguide(s). First, the resonators are categorized based on different architectures. The materials and methods adopted for these designs are precisely surveyed and presented. The performances are compared depending upon the characterization parameters like sensitivity and figure of merit. Finally, based on the survey of very recent models, the advances and challenges of refractive index sensing deployed on Fano resonances are discussed.
Go to article

Bibliography

  1. De Tommasi, E. et al. Frontiers of light manipulation in natural, metallic, and dielectric nanostructures. Riv. del Nuovo Cim. 44, 1–68 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40766-021-00015-w
  2. Maier, S. Surface plasmon polaritons at metal /insulator interfaces. in Plasmonics: Fundamentals and Applications:Chapter 2, 1–2 (Springer, New York, 2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-37825-1_2
  3. Zhang, J., Zhang, L. & Xu, W. Surface plasmon polaritons: Physics and applications. J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys. 45, 113001 (2012).span> https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/45/11/113001
  4. Naik, G. V, Shalaev, V. M. & Boltasseva, A. Alternative plasmonic materials: beyond gold and silver. Adv. Mater. 25, 3264–3294 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201205076
  5. Luo, & Yan, L. Surface plasmon polaritons and its applications. IEEE Photon. J. 4, 590–595 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2012.2189436.
  6. Saleh, E. A. & Teich, M. C. Fundamentals of Photonics. 1114–1115 (2nd ed.) (Wiley press, 2007). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2809878
  7. Gramotnev, K. & Bozhevolnyi, S. I. Plasmonics beyond the diffraction limit. Nat. Photonics 4, 83–91 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2009.282
  8. Kinsey, N., Ferrera, M., Shalaev, V. M. & Boltasseva, A. Examining nanophotonics for integrated hybrid systems: a review of plasmonic interconnects and modulators using traditional and alternative materials [Invited]. Opt. Soc. Am. B 32, 121–142 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.32.000121
  9. Amoosoltani, N., Yasrebi, N., Farmani, A. & Zarifkar, A. A plasmonic nano-biosensor based on two consecutive disk resonators and unidirectional reflectionless propagation IEEE Sens. J. 20, 9097–9104 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2020.2987319
  10. Han, Z. & Bozhevolnyi, S. I. Radiation guiding with surface plasmon polaritons. Reports Prog. Phys. 76, 016402 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/76/1/016402
  11. Lu, H., Wang, G. X. & Liu, X.M. Manipulation of light in MIM plasmonic waveguide systems. Chin. Sci. Bull. 58, 3607–3616 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-013-5989-6
  12. Onbasli, M. C. & Okyay, A. K. Nanoantenna couplers for metal-insulator-metal waveguide interconnects. Proc. SPIE 7757, 77573R (2010). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.876177
  13. Limonov, M. F., Rybin, M. V., Poddubny, A. N. & Kivshar, Y. S. Fano resonances in photonics. Nat. Photonics 11, 543–554 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2017.142
  14. Luk’Yanchuk, B. et al. The Fano resonance in plasmonic nanostructures and metamaterials. Nat. Mater. 9, 707–715 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2810
  15. Wang, J. et al. Double Fano resonances due to interplay of electric and magnetic plasmon modes in planar plasmonic structure with high sensing sensitivity. Express 21, 2236–2244 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.21.002236
  16. Lovera, A., Gallinet, B., Nordlander, P. & Martin, O. J. F. Mechanisms of Fano resonances in coupled plasmonic systems. ACS Nano 7, 4527–4536 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1021/nn401175j
  17. Fan, J. A. et al. Fano-like interference in self-assembled plasmonic quadrumer clusters. Nano Lett. 10, 4680–4685 (2010) . https://doi.org/10.1021/nl1029732
  18. Kazanskiy, N. L., Khonina, S. N. & Butt, M. A. Plasmonic sensors based on metal-insulator-metal waveguides for refractive index sensing applications: A brief Phys. E Low Dimens. Syst. Nanostruct. 117, 113798 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physe.2019.113798
  19. Verellen, N. et al. Mode parity-controlled Fano- and Lorentz-like line shapes arising in plasmonic nanorods. Nano Lett. 14, 2322–2329 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/nl404670x
  20. Huang, Y., Min, C., Dastmalchi, P. & Veronis, G. Slow-light enhanced subwavelength plasmonic waveguide refractive index sensors. Opt. Express 23, 14922 (2015) . https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.23.014922
  21. Luo, S., Li, B., Xiong, D., Zuo, D. & Wang, X. A high performance plasmonic sensor based on metal-insulator-metal waveguide coupled with a double-cavity structure. Plasmonics 12, 223–227 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-016-0253-y
  22. Rakhshani, M. R. & Mansouri-Birjandi, M. A. A high-sensitivity sensor based on three-dimensional metal–insulator–metal racetrack resonator and application for hemoglobin Photonics Nanostruct. 32, 28–34 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.photonics.2018.08.002
  23. Butt, M. A., Khonina, S. N. & Kazanskiy, N. L. Plasmonic refractive index sensor based on metal–insulator-metal waveguides with high sensitivity. J. Mod. Opt. 66, 1038–1043 (2019). https:/doi.org/10.1080/09500340.2019.1601272
  24. Butt, M. A., Khonina, S. N. & Kazanskiy, N. L. An array of nano-dots loaded MIM square ring resonator with enhanced sensitivity at NIR wavelength range. Optik 202, 163655 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.163655
  25. Economou,  N. Surface plasmons in thin films. Phys. Rev. 182, 539–554 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.182.539
  26. Yang, & Lu, Z. Subwavelength plasmonic waveguides and plasmonic materials. Int. J. Opt. 2012 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/258013
  27. Han, Z. & Bozhevolnyi, S. I. Plasmon-induced transparency with detuned ultracompact Fabry-Perot resonators in integrated plasmonic devices. Opt. Express 19, 3251 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.003251
  28. Zhan, S. et al. Slow light based on plasmon-induced transparency in dual-ring resonator-coupled MDM waveguide system. J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys. 47, (2014).https:/doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/47/20/205101
  29. Piao, X., Yu, S., Koo, S., Lee, K. & Park, N. Fano-type spectral asymmetry and its control for plasmonic metal-insulator-metal stub structures. Opt. Express 19, 10907–10912 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.010907
  30. Fu, Y. H., Zhang, J. B., Yu, Y. F. & Luk’yanchuk, B. Generating and manipulating higher order Fano resonances in dual-disk. ACS Nano 6, 5130–5137 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1021/nn3007898
  31. Fang, J., Zhang, M., Zhang, F. & Yu, H. Plasmonic sensor based on Fano resonance. Guangdian Gongcheng/Opto-Electron. Eng. 44, 221–225 (2017). https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1003-501X.2017.02.012
  32. Yu, Y. et al. Nonreciprocal transmission in a nonlinear photonic-crystal Fano structure with broken symmetry. Laser Photonics Rev. 9, 241–247 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.201400207
  33. Chen, Z. & Yu, L. Multiple Fano resonances based on different waveguide modes in a symmetry breaking plasmonic system. IEEE Photonics J. 6, 1–8 (2014). https://doi.org/ 1109/JPHOT.2014.2368779
  34. Miroshnichenko, A. E., Flach, S. & Kivshar, Y. S. Fano resonances in nanoscale structures. Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 2257–2298 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.82.2257
  35. Chen, Z. et al. A refractive index nanosensor based on Fano resonance in the plasmonic waveguide system. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 27, 1695–1698 (2015). https://doi.org/ 1109/LPT.2015.2437850
  36. Wei, W., Yan, X., Shen, B. & Zhang, X. Plasmon-induced transparency in an asymmetric bowtie structure. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 14, 246 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-019-3081-0
  37. Song, H., Singh, R., Cong, L. & Yang, H. Engineering the Fano resonance and electromagnetically induced transparency in near-field coupled bright and dark J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys. 48, 035104 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/48/3/035104
  38. Yu, S., Piao, X., Hong, J. & Park, N. Progress toward high-Q perfect absorption : A Fano anti-laser. Phys. Rev. A 92, 011802R (2015). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.92.011802
  39. Yan, X. et al. High sensitivity nanoplasmonic sensor based on plasmon-induced transparency in a graphene nanoribbon waveguide coupled with detuned graphene square-nanoring Plasmonics 12, 1449–1455 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-016-0405-0
  40. Chen, J., Gan, F., Wang, Y. & Li, G. Plasmonic sensing and modulation based on Fano resonances. Adv. Opt. Mater. 6, 1701152 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201701152
  41. Deng, Y., Cao, G. & Yang, H. Tunable Fano resonance and high-sensitivity sensor with high figure of merit in plasmonic coupled cavities. Photonics Nanostruct. 28, 45–51 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.photonics.2017.11.008
  42. Hayashi, S., Nesterenko, D. V. & Sekkat, Z. Fano resonance and plasmon-induced transparency in waveguide-coupled surface plasmon resonance sensors. Appl. Express 8, 022201 (2015). https://doi.org/10.7567/apex.8.022201
  43. Heuck, M., Kristensen, P. T., Elesin, Y. & Mørk, J. Improved switching using Fano resonances in photonic crystal structures. Opt. Lett. 38, 2466 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.38.002466
  44. Chen, Z. et al. Plasmonic wavelength demultiplexers based on tunable Fano resonance in coupled-resonator systems. Opt. Commun. 320, 6–11 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2013.12.079
  45. Qi, J. et al. Independently tunable double Fano resonances in asymmetric MIM waveguide structure. Opt. Express 22, 14688–14695 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.22.014688
  46. Chen, Z.-Q. et al. Fano resonance based on multimode interference in symmetric plasmonic structures and its applications in plasmonic nanosensors. Chin. Lett. 30, 057301 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/30/5/057301
  47. Gu, P., Birch, D. J. S. & Chen, Y. Dye-doped polystyrene-coated gold nanorods: Towards wavelength tuneable SPASER. Methods Appl. Fluoresc. 2, 024004 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1088/2050-6120/2/2/024004
  48. Zafar, R. & Salim, M. Enhanced Figure of Merit in Fano resonance-based plasmonic refractive index sensor. IEEE Sens. J. 15, 6313–6317 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2015.2455534
  49. Zhang, Y. et al. Evolution of Fano resonance based on symmetric/asymmetric plasmonic waveguide system and its application in nanosensor. Opt. Commun. 370, 203–208 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2016.03.001
  50. Zhang, Y. et al. Ultra-high Sensitivity plasmonic nanosensor based on multiple Fano resonance in the MDM side-coupled cavities. Plasmonics 12, 1099– 1105 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-016-0363-6
  51. Kocabas, S. E., Veronis, G., Miller, D. A. B. & Fan, S. Transmission line and equivalent circuit models for plasmonic waveguide components. EEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum 14, 1462–1472 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2008.924431
  52. Han, Z., Van, V., Herman, W. N. & Ho, P.-T. Aperture-coupled MIM plasmonic ring resonators with sub-diffraction modal volumes. Opt. Express 17, 12678– 12684 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.17.012678
  53. Li, Q., Wang, T., Su, Y., Yan, M. & Qiu, M. Coupled mode theory analysis of mode-splitting in coupled cavity system. Opt. Express 18, 8367 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.18.008367
  54. Achanta, V.G. Surface waves at metal-dielectric interfaces: Material science perspective. Rev. Phys. 5, 100041 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revip.2020.100041
  55. Niu, L., Zhang, J. B., Fu, Y. H., Kulkarni, S. & Luky`anchuk, B. Fano resonance in dual-disk ring plasmonic nanostructures. Opt. Express 19, 22974–22981 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.022974
  56. Kolwas, K. & Derkachova, A. Impact of the Interband transitions in gold and silver on the dynamics of propagating and localized surface plasmons. Nanomaterials 10, 1411 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10071411
  57. Thomas, A. Plasmonics. in Narrow Plasmon Resonances in Hybrid Systems 7–27 (Springer, 2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97526-9
  58. Noah, N. M. Design and synthesis of nanostructured materials for sensor applications. J. Nanomater. 2020, 8855321 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8855321
  59. Chen, F. & Yao, D. Realizing of plasmon Fano resonance with a metal nanowall moving along MIM waveguide. Opt. Commun. 369, 72–78 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2016.02.024
  60. Zhang, Y. et al. High-sensitivity refractive index sensors based on Fano resonance in the plasmonic system of splitting ring cavity-coupled MIM waveguide with tooth Appl. Phys. A 125, 13 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-018-2283-0
  61. Chen, Y., Xu, Y. & Cao, J. Fano resonance sensing characteristics of MIM waveguide coupled square convex ring resonator with metallic baffle. Results Phys. 14, 102420 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2019.102420
  62. Naik, G. V., Kim, J. & Boltasseva, A. Oxides and nitrides as alternative plasmonic materials in the optical range. Opt. Mater. Express 1, 1090–1099 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1364/OME.1.001090
  63. West, R. et al. Searching for better plasmonic materials. Laser Photonics Rev. 4, 795–808 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.200900055
  64. Deng, Y. et al. Tunable and high-sensitivity sensing based on Fano resonance with coupled plasmonic cavities. Sci. Rep. 7, 10639 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-10626-1
  65. Zhang, Z. et al. Plasmonic refractive index sensor with high figure of merit based on concentric-rings resonator. Sensors 18, 116 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3390/s18010116
  66. Chauhan, D., Adhikari, R., Saini, R. K., Chang, S. H. & Dwivedi, R. P. Subwavelength plasmonic liquid sensor using Fano resonance in a ring resonator structure. Optik 223, 165545 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2020.165545
  67. Zhang, Z., Luo, L., Xue, C., Zhang, W. & Yan, S. Fano resonance based on metal-insulator-metal waveguide-coupled double rectan-gular cavities for plasmonic Sensors 16, 22–24 (2016). https://doi.org/10.3390/s16050642
  68. Chen, Z., Cui, L., Song, X., Yu, L. & Xiao, J. High sensitivity plasmonic sensing based on Fano interference in a rectangular ring waveguide. Opt. Commun. 340, 1–4 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2014.11.081
  69. Tian, J., Wei, G., Yang, R. & Pei, W. Fano resonance and its application using a defective disk resonator coupled to an MDM plasmon waveguide with a nano-wall. Optik 208, 164136 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.164136
  70. Chou Chao, C.-T., Chou Chau, Y.-F & Chiang, H.-P. Multiple Fano resonance modes in an ultra-compact plasmonic waveguide-cavity system for sensing applications. Results 27, 104527 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2021.104527
  71. Rakhshani, M. R. Optical refractive index sensor with two plasmonic double-square resonators for simultaneous sensing of human blood groups. Photonics 39, 100768 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.photonics.2020.100768
  72. Chen, Y., Xu, Y. & Cao, J. Fano resonance sensing characteristics of MIM waveguide coupled square convex ring resonator with metallic baffle. Results Phys. 14, 102420 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2019.102420
  73. Ren, X., Ren, K. & Cai, Y. Tunable compact nanosensor based on Fano resonance in a plasmonic waveguide system. Appl. Opt. 56, H1–H9 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.56.0000H1
  74. Tang, Y. et al. Refractive index sensor based on Fano resonances in metal-insulator-metal waveguides coupled with resonators. Sensors 17, 784 (2017). https://doi.org/10.3390/s17040784
  75. Yang, X., Hua, E., Su, H., Guo, J. & Yan, S. A nanostructure with defect based on Fano resonance for application on refractive-index and temperature sensing. Sensors 20, 4125 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/s20154125
  76. Chen, Y. et al. Sensing performance analysis on Fano resonance of metallic double-baffle contained MDM waveguide coupled ring resonator. Opt. Laser Technol. 101, 273–278 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2017.11.022
  77. Binfeng, Y., Ruohu, Z., Guohua, H. & Yiping, C. Ultra-sharp Fano resonances induced by coupling between plasmonic stub and circular cavity resonators. Plasmonics 11, 1157–1162 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-015-0154-5
  78. Zhang, Q., Huang, X.-G., Lin, X.-S., Tao, J. & Jin, X.-P. A subwavelength coupler-type MIM optical filter. Opt. Express 17, 7549–7554(2009). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.17.007549
  79. Rakhshani, M. R. Fano resonances based on plasmonic square resonator with high figure of merits and its application in glucose concentrations sensing. Opt. Quantum 51, 287 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-019-2007-5
  80. Chen, F., Zhang, H., Sun, L., Li, J. & Yu, C. Temperature tunable Fano resonance based on ring resonator side coupled with a MIM waveguide. Opt. Laser Technol. 116, 293–299 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2019.03.044
  81. He, Y. et al. Convert from Fano resonance to electromagnetically induced transparency effect using anti-symmetric H-typed metamaterial resonator. Opt. Quantum Electron. 52, 391 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-020-02513-3
  82. Dionne, J. et al. A. Silicon-based plasmonics for on-chip photonics. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 16, 295–306 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2009.2034983
  83. Zhan, S. et al. Tunable nanoplasmonic sensor based on the asymmetric degree of Fano resonance in MDM waveguide. Sci. Rep. 6, 22428 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep22428
  84. Guo, Z. et al. Plasmonic multichannel refractive index sensor based on subwavelength tangent-ring metal–insulator–metal waveguide. Sensors 18, 1348 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3390/s18051348
  85. Chen, Y., Chen, L., Wen, K., Hu, Y. & Lin, W. Multiple Fano resonances in a coupled plasmonic resonator system. J. Appl. Phys. 126, 083102 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5105358
  86. Chen, Z., Song, X., Duan, G., Wang, L. & Yu, L. Multiple Fano resonances control in MIM side-coupled cavities systems. IEEE Photonics J. 7, 1–10 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2015.2433012
  87. Zhang, X. et al. Refractive Index Sensor based on Fano resonances in plasmonic waveguide with dual side-coupled ring resonators. Photonic Sens. 8, 367– 374 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13320-018-0509-6
  88. Yang, X. et al. Fano resonance in a MIM waveguide with two triangle stubs coupled with a split-ring nanocavity for sensing application. Sensors 19, 4972 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/s19224972
  89. Wang, W.-D., Zheng, L. & Qi, J.-G. High Q-factor multiple Fano resonances for high-sensitivity sensing in all-dielectric nanocylinder dimer metamaterials. Appl. Express 12, 075002 (2019). https://doi.org/10.7567/1882-0786/ab206a
  90. Špačková, B., Wrobel, P., Bocková, M. & Homola, J. Optical biosensors based on plasmonic nanostructures: a review. Proc. IEEE 104, 2380–2408 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2016.2624340
  91. Li, S. et al. Fano resonances based on multimode and degenerate mode interference in plasmonic resonator system. Opt. Express 25, 3525–3533 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.25.003525
  92. Butt, M. A., Kazanskiy, N. L. & Khonina, S. N. Nanodots decorated asymmetric metal-insulator-metal waveguide resonator structure based on Fano resonances for refractive index sensing Laser Phys. 30, (2020). https://doi.org/10.1088/1555-6611/ab9090
  93. Chen, Z., Cao, X. & Song, X. Side-coupled cavity-induced Fano resonance and its application in nanosensor. Plasmonics 11, 307– 313 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-015-0035-y
  94. Wang, Y., Li, S., Zhang, Y. & Yu, L. Independently formed multiple Fano resonances for ultra-high sensitivity plasmonic nanosensor. Plasmonics 13, 107– 113 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-016-0489-6
  95. Chen, J. et al. Fano resonance in a MIM waveguide with double symmetric rectangular stubs and its sensing characteristics. Opt. Commun. 482, 126563 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2020.126563
  96. Chen, J. et al. Coupled-resonator-induced Fano resonances for plasmonic sensing with ultra-high figure of merits. Plasmonics 8, 1627–1631 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-013-9580-4
  97. Wen, K. et al. Fano resonance with ultra-high figure of merits based on plasmonic metal-insulator-metal waveguide. Plasmonics 10, 27–32 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-014-9772-6
  98. Yang, J. et al. Tunable multi-Fano resonances in MDM-based side-coupled resonator system and its application in nanosensor. Plasmonics 12, 1665–1672 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-016-0432-x
  99. Wen, K., Chen, L., Zhou, J., Lei, L. & Fang, Y. A Plasmonic chip-scale refractive index sensor design based on multiple Fano reso-nances. Sensors 18, 3181 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3390/s18103181
  100. Liu, Y. et al. Theoretical design of plasmonic refractive index sensor based on the fixed band detection. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 25, 1–6 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2018.2827661
  101. Qiao, L., Zhang, G., Wang, Z., Fan, G. & Yan, Y. Study on the Fano resonance of coupling M-type cavity based on surface plasmon polaritons. Opt. Commun. 433, 144–149 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2018.09.055
  102. Xiao, G. et al. High sensitivity plasmonic sensor based on Fano resonance with inverted u-shaped resonator. Sensors 21, 1–12 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041164
  103. Li, C. et al. Multiple Fano resonances based on plasmonic resonator system with end-coupled cavities for high-performance nanosensor. IEEE Photonics J. 9, 1– 9 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2017.2763781
  104. Shi, X. et al. Dual Fano resonance control and refractive index sensors based on a plasmonic waveguide-coupled resonator system. Opt. Commun. 427, 326–330 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2018.06.042
  105. Chen, Z. et al. Sensing characteristics based on Fano resonance in rectangular ring waveguide. Opt. Commun. 356, 373–377 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2015.08.020
  106. Wang, M., Zhang, M., Wang, Y., Zhao, R. & Yan, S. Fano resonance in an asymmetric MIM waveguide structure and its application in a refractive index nanosensor. Sensors 19, 791 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/s19040791
  107. Yu, S., Zhao, T., Yu, J. & Pan, D. Tuning multiple fano resonances for on-chip sensors in a plasmonic system. Sensors 19, 1559 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/s19071559
  108. Rahmatiyar, M., Danaie, M. & Afsahi, M. Employment of cascaded coupled resonators for resolution enhancement in plasmonic refractive index sensors. Opt. Quantum 52, 153 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-020-02266-z
  109. Li, Z. et al. Manipulation of multiple Fano resonances based on a novel chip-scale MDM structure. IEEE Access 8, 32914–32921 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2973417
  110. Fang, Y. et al. Multiple Fano resonances based on end-coupled semi-ring rectangular resonator. IEEE Photon. J. 11, 1–8 (2019). https://doi.org/1109/JPHOT.2019.2914483
  111. Wang, Q., Ouyang, Z., Sun, Y., Lin, M. & Liu, Q. Linearly tunable Fano resonance modes in a plasmonic nanostructure with a waveguide loaded with two rectangular cavities coupled by a circular Nanomaterials 9, 678 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9050678
  112. Su, H. et al. Sensing features of the Fano resonance in an MIM waveguide coupled with an elliptical ring resonant cavity. Appl. Sci. 10, 5096 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/app10155096
  113. Wang, S., Zhao, T., Yu, S. & Ma, W. High-performance nano-sensing and slow-light applications based on tunable multiple Fano resonances and EIT-like effects in coupled plasmonic resonator IEEE Access 8, 40599–40611 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2974491
  114. Li, Z. et al. Control of multiple Fano resonances based on a subwavelength MIM coupled cavities system. IEEE Access 7, 59369–59375 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2914466
  115. El Haffar, R., Farkhsi, A. & Mahboub, O. Optical properties of MIM plasmonic waveguide with an elliptical cavity resonator. Appl. Phys. A 126, 486 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-020-03660-w
  116. Hassan, M. F., Hasan, M. M., Ahmed, M. I. & Sagor, R.H. Numerical investigation of a plasmonic refractive index sensor based on rectangular MIM topology. in 2020 International Seminar on Intelligent Technology and its Applications ISITIA 2020, 77–82 (IEEE, 2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/ISITIA49792.2020.9163755
  117. Wang, Y. et al. Design of sub wavelength-grating-coupled Fano resonance sensor in mid-infrared. Plasmonics 16, 463–469 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-020-01313-5
  118. Chen, Y., Chen, L., Wen, K., Hu, Y. & Lin, W. Double Fano resonances based on different mechanisms in a MIM plasmonic system. Photonics Nanostruct. 36, 100714 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.photonics.2019.100714
  119. Chen, Z., Chen, J., Yu, L. & Xiao, J. Sharp trapped resonances by exciting the anti-symmetric waveguide mode in a metal-insulator-metal resonator. Plasmonics 10, 131–137 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-014-9786-0
  120. Pang, S. et al. The sensing characteristics based on electro-magnetically-induced transparency-like response in double-sided stub and a nano-disk waveguide Mod. Phys. Lett. B 31, 1–9 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217984917501019
  121. Zhang, Z. D. et al. Electromagnetically induced transparency and refractive index sensing for a plasmonic waveguide with a stub coupled ring resonator. Plasmonics 12, 1007–1013 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-016-0352-9
  122. Akhavan, A., Ghafoorifard, H., Abdolhosseini, S. & Habibiyan, H. Metal-insulator-metal waveguide-coupled asymmetric resonators for sensing and slow light IET Optoelectron. 12, 220–227 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-opt.2018.0028
  123. Shi, H. et al. A nanosensor based on a metal-insulator-metal bus waveguide with a stub coupled with a racetrack ring resonator. Micromachines 12, 495 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12050495
  124. Meng, Z.-M. & Qin, F. Realizing prominent Fano resonances in metal-insulator-metal plasmonic Bragg gratings side-coupled with plasmonic nanocavities. Plasmonics 13, 2329–2336 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-018-0756-9
  125. Tathfif, I., Rashid, K.S., Yaseer, A. A. & Sagor, R.H. Alternative material titanium nitride based refractive index sensor embedded with defects: An emerging solution in sensing Results Phys. 29, 104795 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2021.104795
  126. Li, Q. et al. Active control of asymmetric Fano resonances with graphene–silicon-integrated terahertz metamaterials. Adv. Mater. Technol. 5, 1–7 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.201900840
  127. Ge, J. et al. Tunable dual plasmon-induced transparency based on a monolayer graphene metamaterial and its terahertz sensing performance. Opt. Express 28, 31781–31795 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.405348
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Rammani Adhikari
1 2
Diksha Chauhan
1
Genene T. Mola
3
Ram P. Dwivedi
1
  1. Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Shoolini University, Bajhol, (HP) 173229, India
  2. School of Engineering, Pokhara University, Pokhara Metropolitan City 30, Kaski, Nepal
  3. School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Kwazulu Natal, Scottsville, South Africa
7 Performance analysis of DFT-S-OFDM waveform for Li-Fi systems
Saleh Hussin , Eslam M. Shalaby
Opto-Electronics Review | 2021 | 29 | 4 | 167-174 | DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2021.139753
Keywords: light-fidelity visible light communications orthogonal frequency division multiplexing discrete Fourier transform spread peak-to-average power ratio
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

In this paper, the effect of an indoor visible light communication channel is studied. Moreover, the analysis of the received power distribution of the photodiode in the line of sight and the first reflection of the channel without line of sight with several parameters is simulated. Two different waveforms are explained in detail. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing has been widely adopted in radio frequency and optical communication systems. One of the most important disadvantages of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal is the high peak-to-average power ratio. Therefore, it is important to minimize the peak-to-average power ratio in the visible light communication systems more than in radio-frequency wireless applications. In the visible light communication systems, the high peak-to-average power ratio produces a high DC bias which reduces power efficiency of the system. A discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is proposed to be used in wireless communication systems; its ability to minimize peak-to-average power ratio has been tested. The analysis of two different subcarrier allocation methods for the discrete Fourier transform-spread subcarriers, as well as the examination of two distinct subcarrier allocation strategies, distributed and localized mapping, are investigated and studied. The effects of an accurate new sub-band mapping for the localized discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme are presented in this paper. The light-fidelity system performance of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with different sub-mapping techniques are simulated with Matlab™. A system performance size of bit error rate and peak-to-average power ratio are obtained, as well.
Go to article

Bibliography

  1. Armstrong, OFDM for optical communications. J. Light. Technol. 27, 189–204 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2008.2010061
  2. Noé, Essentials of Modern Optical Fiber Communication. (Springer International Publishing, 2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04872-2
  3. Sufyan Islim, M. & Haas, H. Modulation techniques for Li⁃ ZTE Commun. 14, 29–40 (2016).
  4. DoCoMo, NTT, NEC, SHARP, R1-050702: DFT-spread OFDM with pulse shaping filter in frequency domain in evolved UTRA uplink (2005).
  5. Myung, H. G., Lim, J. & Goodman, D. J. (2006). Peak-to-average power ratio of single carrier fdma signals with pulse shaping. in IEEE 17th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications 1–5 (IEEE, Helsinki, Finland 2006). https://doi.org/10.1109/PIMRC.2006.254407
  6. Lomba, C., Valades, R. & Duarte, A. Efficient simulation of the impulse response of the indoor wireless optical channel. Int. J. Commun. Syst. 13, 537–549 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1131(200011/12)13:7/8%3C537::AID-DAC455%3E3.0.CO;2-6
  7. Haas, H. et al. Introduction to indoor networking concepts and challenges in Li-Fi., J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 12, A190–A203 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.12.00A190
  8. Alonso-Gonzales, I. et al. Discrete indoor three-dimensional locali-zation system based on neural networks using visible light communi-cation. Sensors 18, 1040 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3390/s18041040
  9. Wu, X., Safari, M. & Haas, H. Access point selection for hybrid li-fi and Wi-Fi networks. IEEE Trans. Commun. 65, 5375–5385 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOMM.2017.2740211
  10. Barry, J. R. et al. Simulation of multipath impulse response for indoor wireless optical channels. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 11, 367–379 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1109/49.219552
  11. Zeng, L. et al. improvement of date rate by using equalization in an indoor visible light communication system. in 4th IEEE Inter-national Conference on Circuits and Systems for 678–682 (IEEE, Shanghai, China 2008). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCSC.2008.149
  12. Kahn, J. & Barry, J. R. Wireless infrared communications. Proc. IEEE 85, 265–298 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1109/5.554222
  13. Jungnickel, V. et al. A physical model of the wireless infrared communication channel. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 20, 631–640 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1109/49.995522
  14. Zhan, X. et al. Comparison and analysis of DCO-OFDM, ACO-OFDM and ADO-OFDM in IM/DD systems. Appl. Mech. Mater. 701-702, 1059–1062 (2015). https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.701-702.1059
  15. Zhang, M. & Zhang, Z. An optimum DC-biasing for DCO-OFDM system. IEEE Commun. Lett. 18, 1351–1354 (2014) https:/doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2014.2331068
  16. Carruthers, J. B. & Kahn, J. Multiple subcarrier modulation for nondirected wireless infrared communication. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 14, 538–546 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1109/49.490239
  17. Lee, S. H., Jung, S.-Y. & Kwon, J. K. Modulation and coding for dimmable visible light communication. IEEE Commun. Mag. 53, 136–143 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2015.7045402
  18. Acolatse , Bar-Ness, Y. & Wilson, S. K. Novel techniques of single carrier frequency domain equalization for optical wireless communications. EURASIP J.Adv. Signal Process. 2011, 393768 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/393768
  19. Myung, H. G., Lim, J. & Goodman, D. J. Single carrier FDMA for uplink wireless transmission. IEEE Veh. Technol. Mag. 1, 30–38 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1109/MVT.2006.307304
  20. Sorger, U., De Broeck, I. & Schnell, M. Interleaved FDMA-a new spread-spectrum multiple-access scheme. in 1998 IEEE International Conference on Communications. Conference Record (ICC). Affiliated with SUPERCOMM'98. 2, 1013–1017 (IEEE, Atlanta, USA 1998). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC.1998.685165
  21. Wu, Z.-Y. et al. Optimized DFT-spread OFDM based visible light communications with multiple lighting sources. Opt. Express 25, 26468–26482 (2017). https:/doi.org/10.1364/OE.25.026468
  22. Ch., Zhang, H. & Xu, W. On visible light communication using led array with DFT-spread OFDM. in 2014 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) 3325–33302014 (IEEE, Sydney, Australia 2014). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2014.6883834
  23. Puntsri, K. & Ekkaphol, K. Experimental comparison of OFDM SC-FDM and PAM for low speed optical wireless communication systems. In 7th International Electrical Engineering Congress (iEECON) 1–4 (IEEE, Hua Hin, Thailand 2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/iEECON45304.2019.8938969
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Saleh Hussin
1
Eslam M. Shalaby
2
  1. Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
  2. Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Higher Technological institute, 10th of Ramadan City, Megawra 1, 44629 Egyp
8 Symmetrical and asymmetrical imino-naphthalimides in perovskite solar cells
Mateusz Korzec , Sonia Kotowicz , Agnieszka K. Pająk , Ewa Schab-Balcerzak
Opto-Electronics Review | 2021 | 29 | 4 | 175-180 | DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2021.139755
Keywords: naphthalimides perovskite solar cells Schiff base imine
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

In perovskite solar cells, series of symmetrical and asymmetrical imino-naphthalimides were tested as hole-transporting materials. The compounds exhibited high thermal stability at the temperature of the beginning of thermal decomposition above 300 °C. Obtained imino-naphthalimides were electrochemically active and their adequate energy levels confirm the application possibility in the perovskite solar cells. Imino-naphthalimides were absorbed with the maximum wavelength in the range from 331 nm to 411 nm and emitted light from the blue spectral region in a chloroform solution. The presented materials were tested in the perovskite solar cells devices with a construction of FTO/b-TiO2/m-TiO2/perovskite/ HTM/Au. For comparison, the reference perovskite cells were also performed (without hole-transporting materials layer). Of all the proposed materials tested as hole-transporting materials, the bis-(imino-naphthalimide) containing in core the triphenylamine structure showed a power conversion efficiency at 1.10% with a short-circuit current at 1.86 mA and an open-circuit voltage at 581 mV.
Go to article

Bibliography

  1. Gopikrishna, P., Meher, N. & Iyer P. K. Functional 1,8-naphthalimide AIE/AIEEgens: recent advances and prospects. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10, 12081–12111 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b14473
  2. Banerjee, S. et al. Recent advances in the development of 1,8-naphthalimide based DNA targeting binders, anticancer and fluorescent cellular imaging agents. Chem. Soc. Rev. 42, 1601–1618 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1039/C2CS35467E
  3. Poddar, M., Sivakumar, G. & Misra, R. Donor-acceptor substituted 1,8-naphthalimides: design, synthesis, and structure–property relationship J. Mater. Chem. C 7, 14798–14815 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1039/C9TC02634G
  4. Tomczyk, M. D. & Walczak K. Z. 1,8-Naphthalimide based DNA intercalators and anticancer agents. A systematic review from 2007 to 2017. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 159, 393–422 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.09.055
  5. Gan, J.-A. et al. 1,8-naphthalimides for non-doping OLEDs: the tunable emission color from blue, green to red. J. Photochem. Photobiol. 162, 399–406 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1010- 6030(03)00381-2
  6. Luo, S. et al. Novel 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives for standard-red organic light-emitting device applications. J. Mater. Chem. C 3, 525–5267 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TC00409H
  7. Zhang, X. et al. A 1,8-naphthalimide based small molecular acceptor for polymer solar cells with high open circuit voltage, J. Mater. Chem. C 3, 6979–6985 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TC01148E
  8. Do, T. T. et al. Molecular engineering strategy for high efficiency fullerene-free organic solar cells using conjugated 1,8-naphthal-imide and fluorenone building blocks. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9, 16967–16976 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b16395
  9. Yadagiri, B. et al. An all-small-molecule organic solar cell derived from naphthalimide for solution- processed high-efficiency non-fullerene acceptors. J. Mater. Chem. C 7, 709–717 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TC05692G
  10. Torres-Moya, I. et al. Synthesis of D-π-A high-emissive 6-arylalkynyl-1,8-naphthalimides for application in organic field-effect transistors and optical waveguides Dyes and Pigm. 191, 109358 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2021.109358
  11. Gudeika, D. A review of investigation on 4-substituted 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives. Synth. Met. 262, 116328 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2020.116328
  12. Xie, L. et al. 5-Non-amino aromatic substituted naphthalimides as potential antitumor agents: Synthesis via Suzuki reaction, antiproliferative activity, and DNA-binding behavior. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 19, 961–967 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2010.11.055
  13. Rykowski, S. et al. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel 3-carboranyl-1,8-naphthalimide derivatives as potential anticancer agents. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22, 2772 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052772
  14. Sivakumar, G. et al. Design, synthesis and characterization of 1,8-naphthalimide based fullerene derivative as electron transport material for inverted perovskite solar cells. Synth. Met. 249, 25–30 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2019.01.014
  15. Li, L. et al. Self-assembled naphthalimide derivatives as an efficient and low-cost electron extraction layer for n-i-p perovskite solar cells. Chem. Commun. 55, 13239–13242 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1039/C9CC06345E
  16. Agarwala, P. & Kabra, D. A review on triphenylamine (TPA) based organic hole transport materials (HTMs) for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and perovskite solar cells (PSCs): evolution and molecular engineering. J. Mater. Chem. A 5, 1348–1373 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1039/C6TA08449D
  17. Duan, L. et al. Facile synthesis of triphenylamine-based hole-trans-porting materials for planar perovskite solar cells. J. Power Sources 435, 226767 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.226767
  18. Wu, G. et al. Triphenylamine-based hole transporting materials with thiophene-derived bridges for perovskite solar cells. Synth. Met. 261, 116323 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2020.116323
  19. Rezaei, F. & Mohajeri, A. Molecular designing of triphenylamine-based hole-transporting materials for perovskite solar cells Sol. Energy 221, 536–544 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2021.04.055
  20. Li, M. et al. Facile donor (D)-π-D triphenylamine-based hole transporting materials with different π-linker for perovskite solar cells. Sol. Energy 195, 618–625 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.11.071
  21. Bogdanowicz, K. A. et al. Selected electrochemical properties of 4,4’-((1E,1’E)-((1,2,4- Thiadiazole-3,5-diyl)bis(azaneylylidene))-bis(methaneylylidene))bis(N,N-di-p-tolylaniline) towards perovskite solar cells with 14.4% efficiency. Materials 13, 2440 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13112440
  22. Ma, B.-B. et al. Visualized acid–base discoloration and optoelectronic investigations of azines and azomethines having double 4-[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]phenyl terminals. J. Mater. Chem. C 3, 7748–7755 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TC00909J
  23. Korzec, M. et al. Synthesis and thermal, photophysical, electrochemical properties of 3,3-di[3- arylcarbazol-9-ulmethyl]oxetane derivatives. Materials 14, 5569 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14195569
  24. Pająk, A. K. et al. New thiophene imines acting as hole transporting materials in photovoltaic devices. Energy Fuels 34, 10160–10169 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c01698
  25. Kula, S. et al. 9,9’-bifluorenylidene derivatives as novel hole-transporting materials for potential photovoltaic applications. Dyes Pigm. 174, 108031 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2019.108031
  26. Derkowska-Zielinska, B. et al. Photovoltaic cells with various azo dyes as components of the active layer. Sol. Energy 203, 19–24 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2020.04.022
  27. Nitschke, P. et al. Spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of thiophene-phenylene based Schiff-bases with alkoxy side groups, towards photovoltaic applications. Spectrochim. Acta A 248, 119242 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2020.119242
  28. Sęk, D. et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons connected with Schiff base linkers: Experimental and theoretical photophysical characterization and electrochemical properties Spectrochim. Acta A, 175, 168–176 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2016.12.029
  29. Korzec, M. et al. Live cell imaging by 3-imino-(2-phenol)-1,8-naphthalimides: The effect of ex vivo hydrolysis. Spectrochim. Acta A 238, 118442 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2020.118442
  30. Kotowicz, S. et al. Novel 1,8-naphthalimides substituted at 3-C position: Synthesis and evaluation of thermal, electrochemical and luminescent properties. Dyes Pigm. 158, 65–78 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.05.017
  31. Korzec, M. et al. Novel b-ketoenamines versus azomethines for organic electronics: characterization of optical and electrochemical properties supported by theoretical studies. J Mater Sci, 55, 3812–3832 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-019-04210-3
  32. Kotowicz, S. et al. New acceptor–donor–acceptor systems based on bis-(imino-1,8- naphthalimide). Materials 14, 2714 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14112714
  33. Costa, J. S. C. et al. Optical band gaps of organic semiconductor materials Opt. Mater. 58, 51–60 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2016.03.041
  34. Nitschke, P. et al. The effect of alkyl substitution of novel imines on their supramolecular organization, towards photovoltaic applications, Sol. Energy 221, 536–544.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2021.04.055
  35. Misra, A. et al. Electrochemical and optical studies of conjugated polymers for three primary colours. Indian J. Pure Appl. Phys. 43, 921–925 (2005).
  36. Kim, K. et al. Direct p-doping of Li-TFSI for efficient hole injection: Role of polaronic level in molecular doping. Appl. Surf. Sci. 480, 565–571 (2019).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.02.248
  37. Singh, R. & Parashar, M. Origin of Hysteresis in Perovskite Solar Cells in Soft-Matter Thin Film Solar Cells: Physical Processes and Device Simulation (AIP Publishing, on-line) (New York, 2020). https://doi.org/10.1063/9780735422414_001
  38. Li, B. et al. Insights into the hole transport properties of LiTFSI-doped spiro-OMeTAD films through impedance spectroscopy. J. Appl. Phys.128, 085501 (2020).https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0011868
  39. Abate, A. et al. Lithium salts “redox active” p-type dopants for organic semiconductors and their impact in solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 15, 2572–2579 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1039/C2CP44397J
  40. Wang, S., Yan, W. & Meng, Y. S., Spectrum-dependent spiro- OMeTAD oxidization mechanism in perovskite solar cells. Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7, 24791–24798 (2015).https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b07703
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Mateusz Korzec
1
ORCID: ORCID
Sonia Kotowicz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Agnieszka K. Pająk
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Ewa Schab-Balcerzak
1 3
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 9 Szkolna St., 40-007 Katowice, Poland
  2. Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, 25 Reymont St., 30-059 Krakow, Poland
  3. Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Skłodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
9 Effect of heat treatment on the surface morphology and optical properties of the Al2O3 thin film for use in solar cells
Marek Szindler , Magdalena M. Szindler
Opto-Electronics Review | 2021 | 29 | 4 | 181-186 | DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2021.139602
Keywords: antireflection coating atomic layer deposition method solar cells
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The technology of manufacturing silicon solar cells is complex and consists of several stages. The final steps in succession are the deposition of antireflection layer and discharge contacts. Metallic contacts are usually deposited by the screen printing method and then, fired at high temperature. Therefore, this article presents the results of a research on the effect of heat treatment on the properties of the Al2O3 thin film previously deposited by the atomic layer deposition method. It works well as both passivating and antireflection coating. Moreover, heat treatment affects the value of the cell short-circuit current and, thus, its efficiency. The surface morphology, optical and electrical properties were investigated, describing the influence of heat treatment on the properties of the deposited layers and the manufactured solar cells.
Go to article

Bibliography

  1. Marks-Bielska, R. et al. The importance of renewable energy sources in Poland’s energy Energies 13, 1–23 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/en13184624
  2. Asfar, Y. et al. Evaluating Photovoltaic Performance Indoors. in 2012 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC). 1948–1951 (IEEE, Austin, USA 2012).
  3. Ranjan, S. et al. Silicon solar cell production. Comput. Chem. Eng. 35, 1439–1453 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2011.04.017
  4. Drygala, A. et al. Influence of laser texturization surface and atomic layer deposition on optical properties of polycrystalline silicon. Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 41, 7563–7567 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.12.180
  5. Hou, G., Garcia, I. & Rey-Stolle, I. High-low refractive index stacks for broadband antireflection coatings for multijunction solar cells. Sol. Energy 217, 29–39 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2021.01.060
  6. Dobrzański, L. A., Szindler, M., Drygała, A. & Szindler, M.M., Silicon solar cells with Al2O3 antireflection coating. Cen. Eur. J. Phys. 12, 666–670 (2014). https://doi.org/10.2478/s11534-014-0500-9
  7. Sarkar, S. & Pradhan, S. K. Silica-based antireflection coating by glancing angle deposition. Surf. Eng. 35, 982–985. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1080/02670844.2019.1596578
  8. Szindler, M. Szindler, M. M., Boryło, P. & Jung, T. Structure and optical properties of TiO2 thin films deposited by ALD Open Phys. 15, 1067–1071 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1515/phys-2017-0137
  9. Król, K. et al. Influence of atomic layer deposition temperature on the electrical properties of Al/ZrO2/SiO2/4H-SiC metal-oxide semiconductor structures. Phys. Status Solidi (A) 215, 1–7 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201700882
  10. Boryło, P. et al. Structure and properties of Al2O3 thin films deposited by ALD proces. Vacuum 131, 319–326 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2016.07.013
  11. Drabczyk, K. et al. Comparison of diffused layer prepared using liquid dopant solutions and pastes for solar cell with screen printed electrodes. Microelectron. Int. 33, 167–171 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1108/MI-03-2016-0031
  12. Öğütman, K. et al. Spatial atomic layer deposition of aluminum oxide as a passivating hole contact for silicon solar Phys. Status Solidi (A) 217, 1–6 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.202000348
  13. Drabczyk, K. et al. Electroluminescence imaging for determining the influence of metallization parameters for solar cell metal contacts. Sol. Energy 126, 14–21 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2015.12.029
  14. Park, H. H. Inorganic materials by atomic layer deposition for perovskite solar cells. Nanomaterials 11, 1–22 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11010088
  15. Hossain, A. et al. Atomic layer deposition enabling higher efficiency solar cells: A review. Nano Materials 2, 204–226 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoms.2019.10.001
  16. Werner, F. et al. High-rate atomic layer deposition of Al2O3 for the surface passivation of Si solar cells. Energy Procedia 8, 301–306 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.06.140
  17. Werner, F., Cosceev, A. & Schmidt, J. Silicon surface passivation by Al2O3: Recombination parameters and inversion layer solar cells. Energy Procedia 27, 319–324 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2012.07.070
  18. Swatowska, B. Antireflective and passivation properties of the photovoltaic structure with Al2O3 layer of different thickness. Microelectron. Int. 35, 177–180 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1108/MI-04-2018-0020
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Marek Szindler
1
ORCID: ORCID
Magdalena M. Szindler
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Scientific and Didactic Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Material Technologies, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 7 Towarowa St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
  2. Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 18a Konarskiego St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
10 Simulation study on improving the spatial resolution of photon-counting hybrid pixel X-ray detectors
Aleksandra Krzyżanowska , Robert Szczygieł
Opto-Electronics Review | 2021 | 29 | 4 | 187-191 | DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2021.139756
Keywords: charge-sharing subpixel resolution pixel detector hit allocation single photon counting
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Hybrid pixel radiation detectors with a direct photon-to-charge conversion working in a single photon counting mode have gained increasing attention due to their high dynamic range and noiseless imaging. Since sensors of different materials can be attached to readout electronics, they enable work with a wide range of photon energies. The charge-sharing effect observed in segmented devices, such as hybrid pixel detectors, is a phenomenon that deteriorates both spatial resolution and detection efficiency. Algorithms that allow the detection of a photon irrespective of the charge-sharing effect are proposed to overcome these limitations. However, the spatial resolution of the detector can be further improved beyond the resolution determined by the pixel size if information about the charge proportions collected by neighbouring pixels is used to approximate the interaction position. In the article, an approach to achieve a subpixel resolution in a hybrid pixel detector working in the single photon counting mode is described. Requirements and limitations of digital inter-pixel algorithms which can be implemented on-chip are studied. In the simulations, the factors influencing the detector resolution are evaluated, including size of a charge cloud, number of virtual pixel subdivisions, and detector parameters.
Go to article

Bibliography

  1. Ballabriga, et al. Review of hybrid pixel detector readout ASICs for spectroscopic X-ray imaging. J. Instrum. 11, P01007–P01007 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/11/01/P01007
  2. Taguchi, K. & Iwanczyk, J. S. Vision 20/20: Single photon counting X-ray detectors in medical imaging. Med. Phys. 40, 100901 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4820371
  3. Bahadur, D. et al. Evolution of structure and dynamics of thermo-reversible nanoparticle gels-A combined XPCS and rheology study. J. Chem. Phys. 151, 10 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5111521
  4. Sheyfer, et al.Nanoscale critical phenomena in a complex fluid studied by X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy.Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 125504 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.125504
  5. Szczygiel, R., Grybos, P., Maj, P. & Zoladz, M. PXD18k - Fast Single Photon Counting Chip with Energy Window for Hybrid Pixel Detector. in 2011 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record. 932–937 (IEEE, Valencia, Spain 2011). https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2011.6154126
  6. Nilsson, H. E., Dubari, E., Hjelm, M. & Bertilsson, K. Simulation of photon and charge transport in x-ray imaging semiconductor sensors. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A. 487, 151–162 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168- 9002(02)00959-2
  7. Ballabriga, R. et al. The Medipix3RX: a high resolution, zero dead-time pixel detector readout chip allowing spectroscopic imaging. Instrum. 8, C02016–C02016 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/8/02/C02016
  8. Krzyzanowska, A. et al. Characterization of the photon counting CHASE Jr., chip built in a 40-nm CMOS process with a charge-sharing correction algorithm using a collimated X-ray beam. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 64, 2561–2568 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2017.2734821
  9. Bellazzini, R. et al. PIXIE III: a very large area photon-counting CMOS pixel ASIC for sharp X-ray spectral imaging. J. Instrum. 10, C01032–C01032 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/10/01/C01032
  10. Otfinowski, P. et al. Comparison of allocation algorithms for unambiguous registration of hits in presence of charge- sharing in pixel detectors. J. Instrum. 12, C01027–C01027 (2017). http://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/12/01/C01027
  11. Otfinowski, P., Deptuch, G. W. & Maj, P. Asynchronous approximation of a center of gravity for pixel detectors’ readout circuits. IEEE Solid-State Circuits 53, 1550–1558 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/JSSC.2018.2793530
  12. Cartier, et al. Micron resolution of MÖNCH and GOTTHARD, small pitch charge integrating detectors with single photon sensitivity. J. Instrum. 9, C05027–C05027 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/9/05/C05027
  13. Dreier, E. S. et al. Virtual subpixel approach for single-mask phase-contrast imaging using Timepix3. J. Instrum. 14, C01011 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/14/01/C01011
  14. Maj, P. et al. Measurements of ultra-fast single photon counting chip with energy window and 75 μm pixel pitch with Si and CdTe J. Instrum. 12, C03064 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/12/03/C03064
  15. Krzyzanowska, A., Niedzielska, A. & Szczygieł, R. Charge-sharing simulations for new digital algorithms achieving subpixel resolution in hybrid pixel detectors. J. Instrum. 15, C02047 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1088/1748- 0221/15/02/C02047
  16. Lutz, Semiconductor Radiation Detectors, Device Physics. (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007).
  17. NIST XCOM: Photon Cross Sections Database – Introduction. NIST http://www.physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/Xcom/Text/intro.html (2017).
  18. Otfinowski, A. et al. Pattern recognition algorithm for charge-sharing compensation in single photon counting pixel detectors. J. Instrum. 14, C01017 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/14/01/C01017
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Aleksandra Krzyżanowska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Robert Szczygieł
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 A. Mickiewicza Ave., 30-059 Krakow, Poland
11 The research and analysis of the bactericidal properties of the spacer knitted fabric with the UV-C system
Ewa Łada-Tondyra , Adam Jakubas , Beata Jabłońska , Ewa Stańczyk-Mazanek
Opto-Electronics Review | 2021 | 29 | 4 | 192-200 | DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2021.139757
Keywords: fibre optics sterilization textronics ultraviolet radiation warp-knitted spacer fabric
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The research and analysis of the bactericidal properties of the spacer knitted fabric with the UV-C system are presented in this paper. The disintegration factor affecting the bacteria in the knitted fabric is the UV-C radiation in the range of 265–270 nm distributed via woven optical fibres. The way of integrating elements of the system generating the UV-C radiation in the structure of the spacer knitted fabric was designed, as well as various configurations of optical fibres arrangement, fibre density, number of radiation sources, and diode types were tested. The material was contaminated with selected microorganisms indicative of sanitary contamination and important in terms of nosocomial infections. The scope of the research included microbiological (quantitative and qualitative) analyses of selected taxonomic groups of microorganisms (mesophilic bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes) before and after the irradiation process. The analysis of the research results and the applied modification of the knitted fabric turned out to be effective in reducing the amount of potentially pathogenic microorganisms.
Go to article

Bibliography

  1. Gniotek, K. & Krucinska, I. The basic problems of textronics. Fibres Text. East. Eur.12, 13–16 (2004).
  2. Łada-Tondyra, E. & Jakubas, A. Modern applications of textronic systems. Przegląd Elektrotechniczny 94, 198–201 (2018). [in Polish]. https://doi.org/10.15199/48.2018.12.44
  3. Strus, M. Mechanisms of action of physical factors on micro-organisms. Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny 3, 263–268 (1997). [in Polish]
  4. Diston, D., Ebdon, J. E. & Taylor, H. D. The effect of UV-C radiation (254 nm) on candidate microbial source tracking phages infecting a human-specific strain of Bacteroides fragilis (GB-124). Water Health 10, 262–270 (2012). https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2012.173
  5. Wolska, A., Wisełka, M. & Pawlak. A. Reducing the risk of COVID-19 through the use of ultraviolet https://m.ciop.pl/CIOPPortalWAR/file/89579/202003206928&Covid-PROMIENIOWANIE- UV-Komunikat-3.pdf (2020). [in Polish]
  6. Statement on the CIE position on ultraviolet (UV) radiation as a measure to reduce the risk of the spread of COVID-19. https://cie.co.at/files/CIE%20Position%20Statement%20-%20UV%20radiation%20(2020)_PL_0.pdf (2020). [in Polish]
  7. Kowalski, W. J., Petraitis, V. & Walsh, T. J. 2020 COVID-19 Corona-virus Ultraviolet Susceptibility. (PurpleSun, Inc, New York, 2020).
  8. Beretsou, V. G. et al. A chemical, microbiological and (eco) toxicological scheme to understand the efficiency of UV-C/H2O2 oxidation on antibiotic-related microcontaminants in treated urban wastewater. Total Environ. 744, 140835 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140835
  9. Woo, H. et al. Efficacy of inactivation of human enteroviruses by dual-wavelength germicidal ultraviolet (UV-C) light emitting diodes (LEDs). Water 11, 1131 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/w11061131
  10. Phattarapattamawong, S., Chareewan, N. & Polprasert, C. Comparative removal of two antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes by the simultaneous use of chlorine and UV irradiation (UV/chlorine): Influence of free radicals on gene degradation. Sci. Total Environ. 755, 142696 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142696
  11. Lada-Tondyra, E. & Jakubas, A. The Concept of a Textronic System Limiting Bacterial Growth. in 2018 Progress in Applied Electrical Engineering (PAEE) 1–4 (IEEE, Koscielisko, Poland, 2018). https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8441107
  12. Cysewska-Sobusiak, A., Prokop, D.& Jukiewicz, M. Development Trends and Application Areas Fibre Optic Techniques. In Poznan University of Technology Academic Journals. Electrical Engineering 89, 205–217 (2017). [in Polish]
  13. Brochure of transparent polymer-TPXTM, Mitsui Chemicals America, Inc. mitsuichemicals.com/tpx_proc.htm
  14. Armakan, D. M. & Roye, A. A study on the compression behavior of spacer fabrics designed for concrete applications. Fibres Polym. 10, 116–123 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-009-0116-7
  15. ProLight PB2D-1CLA-TC 1W UV Power LED Technical Datasheet. ProLight Opto https://www.tme.eu/Document/5559cb9280c8f6735ea54eeee3067a39/PB2D-1CLA-TC.pdf (2021).
  16. ISO 18593:2018 Microbiology of the food chain — Horizontal methods for surface sampling. (2018).
  17. European Pharmacopoeia, 10th Edition. https://www.edqm.eu/en/work-programme-bsp (2021).
  18. Hardjawinata, K., Setiawati, R. & Dewi,W. Bactericidal efficacy of ultraviolet irradiation on Staphylococcus ureus. Asian J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 17, 157–161 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0915-6992(05)80043-3
  19. Xu, Z.et al. First report of class 2 integron in clinical Enterococcus faecalis and class 1 integron in Enterococcus faecium in South China. Diagn. Microbiol. Infec. Dis. 68, 315–317 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2010.05.014
  20. Stańczyk-Mazanek, E., Pasoń, Ł. & Kępa, U. Effect of mesophilic fermentation of sewage sludge on drug-resistant bacterial count of the Enterococcus genus. Desalination Water Treat. 134, 86–91 (2018). https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2018.22672
  21. Stępniak, L., Pasoń, Ł., Stańczyk-Mazanek, E. & Lach, J. Analysis of the presence and drug resistance of bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae family and the genus of Enterococcus in treated wastewater from a selected wastewater treatment plant. Desalination Water Treat. 134, 23–29 (2018). https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2018.22592
  22. Jarząb, A., Górska-Frączek, S., Rybka, J. & Witkowska, D. Enterobacteriaceae infection-diagnosis, antibiotic resistance and prevention. Postepy Hig. Med. Dosw. 65, 55–72 (2011). [in Polish] https://doi.org/10.5604/17322693.933273
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Ewa Łada-Tondyra
1
ORCID: ORCID
Adam Jakubas
1
ORCID: ORCID
Beata Jabłońska
2
ORCID: ORCID
Ewa Stańczyk-Mazanek
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Częstochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Częstochowa, Poland
  2. Częstochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Częstochowa, Poland
12 Review on thermoelectrical properties of selected imines in neat and multicomponent layers towards organic opto-electronics and photovoltaics
Krzysztof. A. Bogdanowicz , Agnieszka Iwan
Opto-Electronics Review | 2021 | 29 | 4 | 201-212 | DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2021.139754
Keywords: chronoamperometry CSA imines PC71BM PTB7 thermal imaging camera thermoelectrical properties
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The present review is mainly focused on the extended analysis of the results obtained from coupled measurement techniques of a thermal imaging camera and chronoamperometry for imines in undoped and doped states. This coupled technique allows to identify the current-voltage characteristics of thin films based on imine, as well as to assess layer defects in thermal images. Additional analysis of results provides further information regarding sample parameters, such as resistance, conductivity, thermal resistance, and Joule power heat correlated with increasing temperature. As can be concluded from this review, it is possible not only to study material properties at the supramolecular level, but also to tune macroscopic properties of -conjugated systems. A detailed study of the structure-thermoelectrical properties in a series of eight unsymmetrical and symmetrical imines for the field of optoelectronics and photovoltaics has been undertaken. Apart from this molecular engineering, the imines properties were also tuned by supramolecular engineering via protonation with camphorsulfonic acid and by creation of bulk-heterojunction compositions based on poly(4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophene-4,6-diyl) and/or [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) towards the analysed donor or acceptor ability of imines in the active layer. The use of coupled measurement techniques of a thermal imaging camera and chronoamperometry allows obtaining comprehensive data on thermoelectric properties and defects indicating possible molecule rearrangement within the layer.
Go to article

Bibliography

  1. Wang, D. et al. Recent advances in molecular design of organic thermoelectric materials. CCS Chem. 3, 2212–2225 (2021). https://doi.org/10.31635/ccschem.021.202101076
  2. Dong, J. et al. Organic semiconductor nanostructures: Optoelectronic properties, Modification strategy, and photocatalytic applications. J Mater. Sci. Tech. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2021.09.002
  3. Huang, D. et al. Conjugated-backbone effect of organic small molecules for n‑type thermoelectric materials with ZT over 0.2. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 139, 13013–13023 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b05344
  4. Mao, L. et al. Patching defects in the active layer of large-area organic solar cells. J. Mater.A 6, 5817–5824 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TA11264E
  5. Lindner, S. M. et al. Charge separation at self-assembled nano-structured bulk interface in block copolymers. Chem 45, 3364–3368 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200503958
  6. Han, Y. et al. Calibration and image processing of aerial thermal image for UAV application in crop water stress estimation. J. Sensors 2021, Article ID 5537795 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5537795
  7. Stumper, M., Kraus, J. & Capousek, L. Thermal imaging in aviation. Magazine of Aviation Development 3, 16 (2015). https://doi.org/10.14311/MAD.2015.16.03
  8. Thermal Imaging in the Automotive Industry. Thermascan Ltd https://www.thermascan.co.uk/blog/thermal-imaging-automotive (2021).
  9. Thermography in Chemical Industry. InfraTec GmbH https://www.infratec.eu/thermography/industries-applications/chemical-industry/ (2021).
  10. Kasikowski, R. & Więcek, B. Fringing-effect losses in inductors by thermal modeling and thermographic measurements. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 36, 9772–9786 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2021.3058961
  11. Kucharska, M. & Jaskowska-Lemanska, J. Active thermography in diagnostics of timber elements covered with polychrome. Materials 14, 1134 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14051134
  12. Kowalski, M. Ł., Grudzień, A. & Ciurapiński, W. Detection of human faces in thermal infrared images. Meas. Syst. 28, 307–321 (2021). https://doi.org/10.24425/mms.2021.136609
  13. Teubner, J. et al. Comparison of drone-based ir-imaging with module resolved monitoring power data. Energy Procedia 124, 560–566 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.09.094
  14. Irshad, Jaffery, Z. A. & Haque, A. Temperature measurement of solar module in outdoor operating conditions using thermal imaging. Infrared Phys. Technol. 92, 134–138 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infrared.2018.05.017
  15. Gallardo-Saavedra, S. et al. Infrared thermography for the detection and characterization of photovoltaic defects: comparison between illumination and dark conditions. Sensors 20, 4395 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/s20164395
  16. Muttillo, M. et al. On field infrared thermography sensing for pv system efficiency assessment: results and comparison with electrical models. Sensors 20, 1055 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/s20041055
  17. Iwan, A. et al. Optical and electrical properties of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide films deposited onto glass and Ecoflex® substrates towards organic solar cells. Adv. Mater. Lett 9, 58– 65 (2018). https://doi.org/10.5185/amlett.2018.1870
  18. Fryń, P. et al. Hybrid materials based on l,d-poly(lactic acid) and single-walled carbon nanotubes as flexible substrate for organic devices. Polymers 10, 1271 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10111271
  19. Fryń, P. et al. Dielectric, thermal and mechanical properties of L,D-Poly(Lactic Acid) modified by 4′-Pentyl-4-Biphenylcarbonitrile and single walled carbon nanotube. Polymers 11, 1867 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11111867
  20. Fryń, P. et al. Research of binary and ternary composites based on selected aliphatic or aliphatic–aromatic polymers, 5CB or SWCN toward biodegradable electrodes. Materials 13, 2480 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13112480
  21. Różycka, A. et al. Influence of TiO2 nanoparticles on liquid crystalline, structural and electrochemical properties of (8Z)-N-(4-((Z)-(4-pentylphenylimino)methyl)benzylidene)-4- pentylbenzenamine. Materials 12, 1097 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12071097
  22. Gonciarz, A. et al. UV-Vis absorption properties of new aromatic imines and their compositions with poly({4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl}{3-fluoro-2-[(2- ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl}. Materials 12, 4191 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12244191
  23. Bogdanowicz, K. A. Selected electrochemical properties of 4,4'-((1E,1'E)-((1,2,4-thiadiazole-3,5- diyl)bis(azaneylylidene))bis-(methaneylylidene))bis(N,N-di-p-tolylaniline) towards perovskite solar cells with 14.4% efficiency. Materials 13, 2440 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13112440
  24. Przybył, W. et al. IR thermographic camera as useful and smart tool to analyse defects in organic solar Photonics Lett. Poland 12, 25–27 (2020). https://doi.org/10.4302/plp.v12i2.976
  25. Jewloszewicz, B. et al. A comprehensive optical and electrical study of unsymmetrical imine with four thiophene rings and their binary and ternary compositions with PTB7 and PC70BM towards organic RSC Adv 10, 44958 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1039/D0RA08330E
  26. Bogdanowicz, K. A. et al. Electrochemical and optical studies of new symmetrical and unsymmetrical imines with thiazole and thiophene moieties. Electrochim Acta 332, 135476 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135476
  27. Dylong, A. et al. Crystal structure determination of 4‐[(Di‐p‐tolylamino)‐benzylidene]‐(5‐pyridin‐ 4‐yl‐[1,3,4]thiadiazol‐2‐yl)‐imine along with selected properties of imine in neutral and protonated form with camforosulphonic acid: Theoretical and experimental studies. Materials 14, 1952 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14081952
  28. Wang, J. et al. Stimulus responsive fluorescent hyperbranched polymers and their Sci. China Chem. 53, 2409–2428 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-010-4106-9
  29. Albota, A. et al. Design of organic molecules with large two-photon absorption cross Science 281, 1653 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.281.5383.1653
  30. Reinhardt, B. A. et al. Highly active two-photon dyes:  design, synthesis, and characterization toward Chem. Mater. 10, 1863 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1021/cm980036eIwase, Y. et al. Synthesis and photophysical properties of new two-photon absorption chromophores containing a diacetylene moiety as the central π-bridge. J. Mater. Chem. 13, 1575 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1039/b211268j
  31. Kim, O. K. et al. New class of two-photon-absorbing chromophores based on Chem. Mater. 12, 284 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1021/cm990662r
  32. Liu, Z. Q. et al. Trivalent boron as an acceptor in donor–π–acceptor-type compounds for single- and two-photon excited fluorescence. Chem. Eur. J. 9, 5074 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.200304833
  33. Abbotto, A. et al. Novel heterocycle-based two-photon absorbing dyes. Org. Lett. 4, 1495 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1021/ol025703v
  34. Sek, D. et al. Hole transport triphenylamine-azomethine conjugated system: Synthesis and optical, photoluminescence and electrochemical properties. Macromolecules 41, 6653–6663 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1021/ma702637k
  35. Sek, D. et al. Characterization and optical properties of oligoazomethines with triphenylamine moieties exhibiting blue, blue-green and green light. Spectrochim Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 72, 1–10 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2008.06.022
  36. Gawlinska, K. et al. Searching of new, cheap, air- and thermally stable hole transporting materials for perovskite solar cells. Opto-Electron. Rev. 25, 274–284, (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.opelre.2017.07.004
  37. Costa, P. M. J. F. et al. Direct imaging of Joule heating dynamics and temperature profiling inside a carbon nanotube interconnect. Nat. Commun. 2, 421 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1429
  38. McLaren, C. T. et al. Development of highly inhomogeneous temperature profile within electrically heated alkali silicate glasses. Sci. Rep. 9, 2805 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-39431-8
  39. Balakrishnan, V.  et al. A generalized analytical model for Joule heating of segmented wires. Heat Transfer 140, (7), 072001 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4038829
  40. Thangaraju, S. K. & Munisamy, K. M. Electrical and Joule Heating Relationship Investigation Using Finite Element Method. in 7th International Conference on Cooling & Heating Technologies. 88, 012036 (Selangor, Malaysia, 2015). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/88/1/012036
  41. Russ, B. et al. Organic thermoelectric materials for energy harvesting and temperature control. Nat. Rev. Mater. 1, 16050 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/natrevmats.2016.50
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof. A. Bogdanowicz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Agnieszka Iwan
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Military Institute of Engineer Technology, 136 Obornicka St., 50-961 Wroclaw, Poland
13 A test performance of optical fibre sensors for real-time investigations of rotational seismic events: a case study in laboratory and field conditions
Leszek R. Jaroszewicz , Michał Dudek , Anna T. Kurzych , Krzysztof P. Teisseyre
Opto-Electronics Review | 2021 | 29 | 4 | 213-219 | DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2021.140102
Keywords: Sagnac effect field tests rotational seismology fibre optic seismograph rotation rate signal analysis
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Preliminary results of laboratory and field tests of fibre optic rotational seismographs designed for rotational seismology are presented. In order to meet new directions of the research in this field, there is clearly a great need for suitable and extremely sensitive wideband sensors. The presented rotational seismographs based on the fibre optic gyroscopes show significant advantages over other sensor technologies when used in the seismological applications. Although the presented results are prepared for systems designed to record strong events expected by the so-called “engineering seismology”, the described system modification shows that it is possible to construct a device suitable for weak events monitoring expected by basic seismological research. The presented sensors are characterized, first and foremost, by a wide measuring range. They detect signals with amplitudes ranging from several dozen nrad/s up to even few rad/s and frequencies from 0.01 Hz to 100 Hz. The performed Allan variance analysis indicates the sensors main parameters: angle random walk in the range of 3 ∙ 10 −8 - 2 ∙ 10 −7 rad/s and bias instability in the range of 2 ∙ 10 −9 - 2 ∙ 10 −8 rad/s depending on the device. The results concerning the registration of rotational seismic events by the systems located in Książ Castle, Poland, as well as in the coalmine “Ignacy” in Rybnik, Poland were also presented and analysed.
Go to article

Bibliography

  1. Guéguen, P. & Astorga, A. The Torsional Response of Civil Engineering Structures during Earthguake from a Observational Point of View. Sensors 21, 342 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/s21020342
  2. Zembaty, Z., Bernauer, F., Igel, H. & Schreiber, K. U. Rotation Rate Sensors and Their Sensors 21, 5344 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165344
  3. Guéguen, P., Guattari, F., Aubert, C. & LAudat. Comparing Direct Observation of Torsion with Array-Derived Rotation in Civil Engineering Structures. Sensors 21, 142 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/s21020142
  4. Rossi, Y. et al. Kalman Filter-Based Fusion of Collocated Acceleration, GNSS and Rotation Data for 6C Motion Sensors 21, 1543 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041543
  5. Fuławka, K., Pytel, W. & Pałac-Walko, B. Near-Field measurement of six degrees of freedom mining-induced termios in lower siliesian coper basin. Sensors 20, 6801 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/s21020142
  6. Lee, W. H. K. Seismology, Rotation. in Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics; (eds. Gupta, H. ) 1–12 (Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2019).
  7. Chin-Jen, L., Chun-Chi, L. & Lee, W.H.K. Recording Rotational and Translational Ground Motions of Two TAIGER Explosions in Northeastern Taiwan on 4 March. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am 99(2B), 1237– 1250 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080176
  8. Trifunac, M. D. Rotations in Structural Response. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am 99(2B), 968–979 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1785/01200800068
  9. Grzebyk, W., Mertuszka, P. & Stolecki, L. Characteristics of the vibratory motion of a transaction and rotating character coming from mine seismic quakes. Wiadomości Górnicze 66(2), 97–103 (2015). [in Polish]
  10. Kurzych, A. T, Jaroszewicz, L. R., Kowalski, J. K. & Sakowicz, B. Investigation of rotational motion in a reinforced concrete frame construction by a fibre optic gyroscope, Opto- Electron. Rev. 28(2), 69- 73 (2020). https://doi.org/10.24425/opelre.2020.132503
  11. Zembaty, Z., Mutke, G., Nawrocki, D. & Bobra, P. Rotational Ground-Motion Records from Induced Seismic Events, Res. Let. 88(1), 13-22 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1785/0220160131
  12. Kaláb, Z., Knejzlík, J. & Lednická, M. Observation of rotational component in digital data of mining induced seismic events. Górnictwo i Geologia 7(1), 75–85 (2012).
  13. Ju, L., Blair, D. G. & Zhao, C. Detection of gravitational waves. Rep. Prog. Phys. 63, 1317–1427 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/63/9/201
  14. Teisseyre R. Why rotational seismology: confrontation between classic and asymmetric Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 101(4), 1683-1691 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1785/0120100078
  15. Abreu, R., Kamm, J. & Reiß, A-S. Micropolar modelling of rotational waves in Geophys. J. Int. 210, 1021-1046 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggx211
  16. Hart, G. C., DiJulio, R. M. & Lew, M. Torsional response of high rise buildings ASCE, Journal of Structure Division 101(2), 397–415 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1061/JSDEAG.0003999
  17. Suryanto, W. Rotational Motions in Seismology, Theory and Application. (LMU München: Faculty of Geosciences, 2006). https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7850/1/Suryanto_Wiwit.pdf
  18. Zerva, A. & Zhang, O. Corellation patterns in characteristic of spatially variable seismic ground motions. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 26, 19–39 (1997).https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9845(199701)26:1%3C19::AID-EQE620%3E3.0.CO;2-F
  19. Jaroszewicz, L.R. et al. Review of the usefulness of various rotational seismometers with laboratory results of fibre-optic ones tested for engineering applications. Sensors 16, 2161, (2016). https://doi.org/10.3390/s16122161
  20. Sagnac, G. The light ether demonstrated by the effect of the relative wind in ether into a uniform rotation interferometer. Acad. Sci. 95, 708-710 (1913).
  21. Post, E. J. Sagnac effect. Rev. Mod. Phys. 39, 475-496 (1967). https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.39.475
  22. Lefevre, H. C., Martin, P. et al. High-dynamic-range fibre gyro with all-digital signal Proc. of SPIE 1367, 72-80 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.24730
  23. Niespodziany, S., Kurzych, A.T. & Dudek M. Detector diode circuit noise measurement and power supply method selection for the fibre optic seismograph, Opto-Electron. Rev. 29(2), 71-79 (2021). https://doi.org/10.24425/opelre.2021.135830
  24. Kurzych, A. T. et al. Measurements of rotational events generated by artificial explosions and external excita-tions using the optical fibre sensors network, Sensors 20(21), 6107 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/s20216107
  25. Bernauer, et al. Rotation, Strain and Translation Sensors Performance Tests with Active Seismic Sources. Sensors 21, 264 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/s21010264
  26. Kurzych, A. T., Jaroszewicz, L. R., Dudek, M., Sakowicz, B. & Kowalski, J. K. Towards uniformity of rotational events recording – initial data from common test engaging more than 40 sensors including a wide number of fibre-optic rotational seismometers. Opto-Electron. Rev. 29(1), 39-44 (2021). https://doi.org/10.24425/opelre.2021.135827
  27. Konno, K. & Ohmachi, T. Ground Motion characteristics estimated from spectral ratio between horizonatal and vertical components of microtermor. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 88(1), 228-241 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0880010228
  28. Murray-Bergquist, L., Bernauer, F. & Igel, H. Characterization of Six-Degree-of-Freedom Sensors for Building Health Sensors 21, 3732 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/s21113732
  29. IEEE Standard Specification Format Guide and Test Procedure for Single-Axis Interferometric Fibre Optic Gyros. IEEE-SA Standards Boards 952 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEESTD.1998.86153
  30. Allan Variance: Noise Analysis for Gyroscopes. Applications Note AN5087 Rev.0.2/2015. Freescale Semisconductor Inc. (2015). https://telesens.co/wp- content/uploads/2017/05/AllanVariance5087-1.pdf
  31. Di Virgilio, A. D. et al. Sensitivity limit investigation of a Sagnac gyroscope through linear regression analysis. Eur. Phys. J. C 81, 400 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09199-1
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Leszek R. Jaroszewicz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Michał Dudek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Anna T. Kurzych
1
ORCID: ORCID
Krzysztof P. Teisseyre
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Institute of Applied Physics, Military University of Technology, 2 gen. S. Kaliskiego St., Warszawa, 00-908, Poland
  2. Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 64 Ks. Janusza St., Warszawa, 01-452, Poland

Instructions for authors

Guide for Authors

https://www.editorialsystem.com/opelre/journal/for_authors/

OPTO-ELECTRONICS REVIEW is an open access journal. This involves the payment of an article publishing charge (APC) by the authors, their institution or funding body. We make the article freely available immediately upon publication on PAS Jornals platform (https://journals.pan.pl/opelre)

As of July 1st, 2024, there are changes in the fees for open access publications in Opto-Electronics Review: 2000 PLN (500 EUR) - up to 8 pages of the journal format and mandatory over-length charges of 200 PLN (50 EUR) per page (see the above link with instructions for Authors for details)

Articles submitted by June 30th, 2024: existing fee: 1750 PLN (or 400 EUR)

Articles submitted from July 1st, 2024: new fee: 2000 PLN (or 500 EUR) - a flat fee per paper up to 8 pages of the journal format (each additional page will be charged an additional 200 PLN or 50 EUR).

Additional info

barwy Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej i wizerunek godła Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej

DOFINANSOWANO ZE ŚRODKÓW BUDŻETU PAŃSTWA
Rozwój czasopism naukowych
Nr projektu: RCN/SN/0652/2021/1
Dofinansowanie: 85 700 zł
Całkowita wartość: 85 700 zł
Data podpisania umowy: 6 grudnia 2022 r.
Celem projektu jest wsparcie działalności wydawniczej Opto-Electronics Review w zakresie poprawy widoczności czasopisma na arenie krajowej i międzynarodowej oraz podwyższenia jakości edytorskiej prezentowanych treści.

CO-FINANCED FROM THE STATE BUDGET
Development of scientific journals
Project number: RCN/SN/0652/2021/1
Funding: PLN 85,700
Total value: PLN 85,700
Date of signing the contract: December 6, 2022.
The project aims to support the publishing activities of Opto-Electronics Review to improve the journal's visibility in the national and international arena and increase the editorial quality of the presented content.

Opto-Electronics Review was established in 1992 for the publication of scientific papers concerning optoelectronics and photonics materials, system and signal processing. This journal covers the whole field of theory, experimental verification, techniques and instrumentation and brings together, within one journal, contributions from a wide range of disciplines. Papers covering novel topics extending the frontiers in optoelectronics and photonics are very encouraged. The main goal of this magazine is promotion of papers presented by European scientific teams, especially those submitted by important team from Central and Eastern Europe. However, contributions from other parts of the world are by no means excluded.

Articles are published in OPELRE in the following categories:

-invited reviews presenting the current state of the knowledge,

-specialized topics at the forefront of optoelectronics and photonics and their applications,

-refereed research contributions reporting on original scientific or technological achievements,

-conference papers printed in normal issues as invited or contributed papers.

Authors of review papers are encouraged to write articles of relevance to a wide readership including both those established in this field of research and non-specialists working in related areas. Papers considered as “letters” are not published in OPELRE.

Opto-Electronics Review is published quarterly as a journal of the Association of Polish Electrical Engineers (SEP) and Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS) in cooperation with the Military University of Technology and under the auspices of the Polish Optoelectronics Committee of SEP.

Abstracting and Indexing:

Arianta

BazTech

EBSCO relevant databases

EBSCO Discovery Service

SCOPUS relevant databases

ProQuest relevant databases

Clarivate Analytics relevant databases

WangFang

additionally:

ProQuesta (Ex Libris, Ulrich, Summon)

Google Scholar

Policies and ethics:

The editors of the journal place particular emphasis on compliance with the following principles:

Ethical policy of Opto-Electronics Review

The ethical policy of Opto-Electronics Review follows the European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity and is also guided by the core practices and policies outlined by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Authors must be honest in presenting their results and conclusions of their research. Research misconduct is harmful for knowledge.

Research results

Fabrication, falsification, or selective reporting of data with the intent to mislead or deceive is unethical, as is the theft of data or research results from others. The results of research should be recorded and maintained to allow for analysis and review. Following publication, the data should be retained for a reasonable period and made available upon request. Exceptions may be appropriate in certain circumstances to preserve privacy, to assure patent protection, or for similar reasons.

Authorship

All those who have made a significant contribution should be given chance to be cited as authors. Other individuals who have contributed to the work should be acknowledged. Articles should include a full list of the current institutional affiliations of all authors, both academic and corporate.

Competing interests

All authors, referees and editors must declare any conflicting or competing interests relating to a given article. Competing interests through their potential influence on behavior or content or perception may undermine the objectivity, integrity, or perceived value of publication.

Peer Review

We are committed to prompt evaluation and publication of fully accepted papers in Opto-Electronics Review’s publications. To maintain a high-quality publication, all submissions undergo a rigorous review process.

Characteristics of the peer review process are as follows:

• Simultaneous submissions of the same manuscript to different journals will not be tolerated.

• Manuscripts with contents outside the scope will not be considered for review.

• Opto-Electronics Review is a single-blind review journal.

• Papers will be refereed by at least 2 experts as suggested by the editorial board.

• In addition, Editors will have the option of seeking additional reviews when needed. Authors will be informed when Editors decide further review is required.

• All publication decisions are made by the journal’s Editor-in-Chief based on the referees’ reports. Authors of papers that are not accepted are notified promptly.

• All submitted manuscripts are treated as confidential documents. We expect reviewers to treat manuscripts as confidential material.

• Editors and reviewers involved in the review process should disclose conflicts of interest resulting from direct competitive, collaborative, or other relationships with any of the authors, and remove oneself from cases in which such conflicts preclude an objective evaluation. Privileged information or ideas that are obtained through peer review must not be used for competitive gain.

• A reviewer should be alert to potential ethical issues in the paper and should bring these to the attention of the editor, including any substantial similarity or overlap between the manuscript under consideration and any other published paper of which the reviewer has personal knowledge. Any statement, observation, derivation, or argument that had been previously reported should be accompanied by the relevant citation.

• Personal criticism is inappropriate.

Plagiarism

Reproducing text from other papers without properly crediting the source (plagiarism) or producing many papers with almost the same content by the same authors (self-plagiarism) is not acceptable. Submitting the same results to more than one journal concurrently is unethical. Exceptions are the review articles. Authors may not present results obtained by others as if they were their own. Authors should acknowledge the work of others used in their research and cite publications that have influenced the direction and course of their study.

Plagiarism is not tolerated. All manuscripts submitted to Opto-Electronics Review will be checked for plagiarism (copying text or results from other sources) and self-plagiarism (duplicating substantial parts of authors’ own published work without giving the appropriate references) using the CrossCheck database (iThenticate plagiarism checker).

Duplicate submission

Simultaneous submissions of the same manuscript to different journals will not be tolerated. The submitted article will be removed without consideration.

Corrections and retractions

All authors have an obligation to inform and cooperate with journal editors to provide prompt retractions or correction of errors in published works.

• The journal will issue retractions if:

• There is clear evidence that the findings are unreliable, either as a result of misconduct (e.g., data fabrication or honest error - miscalculation or experimental error);

• The findings have previously been published elsewhere without proper cross-referencing, permission or justification (i.e., cases of redundant publication);

• It constitutes plagiarism;

• It reports unethical research.

• The journal will issue errata, if:

• A small portion of an otherwise reliable publication proves to be misleading (especially because of honest error);

• The author list is incorrect.

Other forms of misconduct include failure to meet clear ethical and legal requirements such as misrepresentation of interests, breach of confidentiality, lack of informed consent and abuse of research subjects or materials. Misconduct also includes improper dealing with infringements, such as attempts to cover up misconduct and reprisals on whistleblowers.

The primary responsibility for handling research misconduct is in the hands of those who employ the researchers. If a possible misconduct is brought to our attention, we will seek advice from the referees and the Editorial Board. If there is the evidence, we will resolve the matter by appropriate corrections in the printed and online journal; by refusing to consider an author's future work and by contacting affected authors and editors of other journals.

Human and Animal Rights

If the work involves the use of human subjects, the author should ensure that the work described has been carried out in accordance with The Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki) for experiments involving humans; Uniform Requirements for manuscripts submitted to Biomedical journals. Authors should include a statement in the manuscript that informed consent was obtained for experimentation with human subjects. The privacy rights of human subjects must always be observed.

All animal experiments should comply with the ARRIVE guidelines and should be carried out in accordance with the EU Directive 2010/63/EU for animal experiments, and the authors should clearly indicate in the manuscript that such guidelines have been followed.

This page uses 'cookies'. Learn more