Humanities and Social Sciences

Rocznik Orientalistyczny/Yearbook of Oriental Studies

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Rocznik Orientalistyczny/Yearbook of Oriental Studies | 2024 | vol. LXXVII | No 2

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Abstract

This article explores how historical fiction in cinema has been used to disseminate and entrench the myth and aura of Jamāl ʿAbd an-Nāṣir (1918–1970) among Egyptians and the Arab world. I focus on the traits of kings in two films: Wā Islāmāh (1961, Oh Islam) and An-Nāṣir Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn (1963, The Victorious Saladin). These films project struggles for independence of the time into the past, thus arguably emphasizing the role of the Free Officers’ Revolution in rescuing Egypt from the corrupt and dystopian world of colonization. This portrayal also highlights internal enemies – leaders who legitimized this colonial universe. Within the ethos of the revolution, the relationship between the king, symbolizing the president, and the Egyptian people is depicted through a cinematic portrayal of a personified relationship, embodying the figure of a benevolent father determined to guide the family, i.e., the nation. These films functioned as metaphors for the Egyptian leader, disseminating ideas about the nation, the revolution, and the new socialist relationship between the state and its citizens. In the first film, adapted from Bā Kaṯīr’s novel, this aspect is particularly pronounced, as the adaptation injects leadership ideals into the story, emphasizing specific traits while erasing others.
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Authors and Affiliations

Andrea Maria Negri
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Bologna, Italy
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Abstract

Until a very recent time, oral myths and legends have been prominently present in the history of Oman. They became a prominent theme within the Omani literary community, long inspiring its writers and poets to weave a complex tapestry of evocative tales. Such key literary voices include the Omani female novelists, who primarily asserted their ancestral linkage to grandmothers and mothers, showcasing their supremacy and dominance over their male counterparts in exploring mythical fantasy. Notably, the fiction they crafted was enriched with a range of insights, visions, and ideologies borrowed from diverse cultures and civilizations to ensure their passage across generations. The stories they told were often based on dialogue of multiple styles, languages, and voices. Thanks to their amazing talent, they were able to weave such elements into an artistic, literary fabric. This has encouraged the selection of three Omani women’s mythical novels, namely: They Are Not Mentioned in Majaz (2022) by Huda Hamed, Hawra Nizwa (2022) by Fawzia Al-Fahdi, and The Death Party (2009) by Fatma Al-Shidi. This approach will focus on dialogism in the literary and non-literary works of Bakhtin (1895–1975), extracting the mythical texts incorporated by the Omani novelist in her work, as well as, exposing the link between polyphonic narrative, diversity of dialogue, and the conflicting multi-perspective ideologies in the Omani women’s novel. The problem of the study is to seek proper answers to the questions regarding the relationship between reality and myth; the internal and external relationships of dialogue; the types of the narrative voices; the relationship between dialogue and polyphonic narratives through the chronicle; and the depth of the diverse dialogic interaction and the dynamics behind this.

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Authors and Affiliations

Omer Bin Musabah Bin Jamil Al-Saadi
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. A’Sharqiyah University, Ibra, Oman
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Abstract

The Tur Abdin dialect has many idiomatic expressions formed in relation to body parts. They serve to express feelings, evaluate manners, underline personal characteristics, describe social interactions and assess the behavior of a person. They can showcase various images of interpersonal contacts with an unlimited temporal scope. The linguistic image of the body which has developed in this language has been researched by only a few specialists. When it comes to the sequences of words that build a metaphor, there is no firm rule; the first word may be a verb or a noun. In many cases it seems that the verb, which is the active element of the saying, is improper, inadequate, not well chosen, because it usually has a different meaning in the formal language. For this work to be transparent, the 177 sayings have been transcribed and translated the way they are understood by speakers (not literally), as well as glossed in detail. All organs of the body that appear in the metaphors, which are thirty, have been listed in a table according to decreasing frequency of usage and in alphabetical order.
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Authors and Affiliations

Michael Abdalla
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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Abstract

In recent years, practical applications of AI models have become globally accessible and increasingly commonplace. These models have begun to be integrated into scientific research, marking the initial stages of their use in this domain. Among such tools, ChatGPT, recongized as an “AI language model”, is particularly intriguing for examining how it handles linguistic problems. This paper seeks to replicate selected parts of a research previously conducted using traditional methods and evaluate the results produced by the model. The research focused on analyzing the vocabulary of Persian and Arabic origin in Hindi songs from Bollywood movies. The goal of this paper is to determine how effectively an AI model can perform specific tasks originally carried out by a human researcher in the original study.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Gacek
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
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Abstract

The paper discusses the problem of the periodisation of the Japanese language history, raising both the question of the division into periods itself and the terminological issues as well. The former aspect, that of establishing the time boundaries between periods, is a most basic element of any diachronic description, and yet most historical linguists of Japanese appear to settle for adopting the socio-political periodisation as it comes, which is hardly satisfying or even acceptable in linguistic research. Terminology, on the other hand, can be regarded as purely arbitrary and conventional, as well as language-bound, but certain names of periods – even if this is not fully intended – do suggest a stronger connexion between particular stages of language development. The meta-analysis of the proposals to date, with a focus on any deviations from the socio-political history, leads the author to offer a different periodisation scheme which may serve as a much more effective tool in further diachronic research of Japanese.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Majtczak
1

  1. Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
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Abstract

The article provides an analysis of the main ideas put forth by intellectual leaders of the May Fourth Movement, with a focus on the writings of Hu Shi and Chen Duxiu. These leaders advocated for China’s modernization, promoting the abandonment of traditional Chinese cultural values in favor of adopting European models of development. Their views gained significant influence among the Chinese intellectual elites of the time. Nevertheless, it is crucial to acknowledge the existence of dissenting voices who argued for the preservation of traditional Chinese culture and its values. Interestingly, some of these critics, such as Gu Hongming and Yan Fu, were highly educated in Western culture and science themselves. They presented alternative viewpoints that challenged the notion of Westernization as the only path to modernization. Gu Hongming, in particular, recognized the multifaceted nature of Western modernity and offered a comprehensive critique of Western civilization. This perspective resonated with other Chinese critics who believed that modernization should not be equated solely with the adoption of Western values and ideals.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Tylkowski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. SWPS University, Warsaw, Poland

Authors and Affiliations

Henryk Jankowski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland

Authors and Affiliations

Henryk Jankowski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland

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