The main problem of tunnelling with use of TBM in highly dense urban areas is to assign the range of subsiding trough and the impact of tunnelling works on existing buildings and underground or road infrastructure. The paper presents the results of settlements calculations over twin tube metro tunnel using analytical, empirical methods. The tunnel external diameter is 6,5 m ; the overburden vary from 5 m to 8 m ; the distance between tunnel axis is 14 m. Because of quaternary soils and high water table level the TBM type EBP was chosen as the method of tunnel construction. At the length of 502 m of tunnel the monitoring system was carried out in 22 cross sections. The results of settlements monitoring were compared with the values of analytical calculations.

Confinement in concrete can improve the descending branch of the stress-strain relationship of concrete. The addition of steel fiber in concrete can also improve the descending branch of the stress-strain relationship of concrete. The combination of the use of both can double the impact significantly on the post-peak response. It can be seen from the trend of the post-peak response that the values of both 0.85fccf and 0.5fccf can be well predicted. The study involved an experimental investigation on the effect of confinement on square column specimens reinforced with steel fiber. From the experimental program, it is proven that the use of combination of confining steel and steel fiber works very well which is indicated by the better improvement on the post-peak response. The proposed equations can predict the actual stress-strain curves quite accurately which include the effects of confinement parameters (Zm) and steel fiber volumetric parameter (Vf).

Przeprowadzono analizę próbek etyliny, benzyn bezołowiowych i oleju napędowego na zawartość Cd. Cr, Cu, Ni. Pb, Zn i As. W celu uzyskania niskich granic wykrywalności zastosowano oryginalny sposób preparacji analizowanych prób paliw. Polegał on na rozpuszczeniu próbki w hydrorałinacie którym była frakcja z destylacji atmosferycznej, o temp. wrzenia w zakresie 150---2S0°C. Uzyskane dane o stężeniach tych metali w paliwach komunikacyjnych dostępnych na polskim rynku paliw pozwoliły wyznaczyć następujące wartości wskaźników emisji z procesów zużycia paliw przez środki transportowe [mg metalu/kg paliwa]: etylina i benzyna bezołowiowa - Cr - 0.5: Cu - 0,3; Ni - 0.5; Pb - 50 (etylina): Pb - 5 (benzyna bezołowiowa); olej napędowy - Cd - 0,05; Cu - 0,3: Ni - 0,5. W przypadku Zn i As spalanie wymienionych paliw nie jest źródłem emisji tych metali; spalanie etyliny i benzyny bezołowiowej nie jest źródłem emisji Cd.

The Author discusses in this paper the usefulness of the Foucault's term "knowledge-rule" in the historical analysis of a discourse on everyday life of the workers in Polish kolkhozes in communist time.