In the paper the influence of moisture content of wood on the heat losses and thermal efficiency of a boiler is analysed. The moisture content of wood has a negative effect, especially on flue gas loss. The mathematical dependence of the thermal efficiency of a boiler is presented for the following boundary conditions: the moisture content of wood 10–60%, range of temperatures of emitted flue gases from the boiler into the atmosphere 120–200 C, the emissions meeting the emission standards: carbon monoxide 250 mgm-3, fly ash 50 mgm-3and the heat power range 30–100%.

The following paper provides an insight into application of the contemporary heuristic methods to graph coloring problem. Variety of algorithmic solutions for the Graph Coloring Problem (GCP) are discussed and recommendations for their implementation provided. The GCP is the NP-hard problem, aiming at finding the minimum number of colors for vertices in such a way that none of two adjacent vertices are marked with the same color. With the advent of modern processing units metaheuristic approaches to solve GCP were extended to discrete optimization here. To explain the phenomenon of these methods, a thorough survey of AI-based algorithms for GCP is provided, with the main differences between specific techniques pointed out.

Artykuł koncentruje się na realizacji dwóch celów badawczych. Pierwszym jest rekonstrukcja i krytyka wyłaniającej się z tekstu Petera Strawsona pt. Freedom and Resentment próby sprowadzenia stanowiska antykompatybilistycznego do absurdu. Wątpliwości wokół tej próby odwołują się m.in. do eksperymentu myślowego nawiązującego do fikcyjnej techniki Ludovycka z Mechanicznej pomarańczy Anthony’ego Burgessa. Drugim celem badawczym tekstu jest zarysowanie pewnej wersji kompatybilizmu – wersji zarówno unikającej zarzutów Strawsona wobec tradycyjnych teorii tego typu, jak i umożliwiającej głębszą analizę różnych możliwych interpretacji sporu kompatybilistów z ich przeciwnikami. Proponowane stanowisko obejmuje hipotezę dotyczącą funkcji postawy uczestniczącej oraz ekspresywistyczne analizy pojęć kluczowych dla praktyki przypisywania odpowiedzialności moralnej. Zasadniczym elementem tych analiz jest centralna rola przypadająca stanom umysłu polegającym na akceptacji planów dla moralnych uczuć reaktywnych.

W tekście wskazuję na etyczny kontekst twórczości Ryszarda Wagnera. W skrócie sygnalizuję kwestię relacji wartości estetycznych i etycznych. Zaznaczam społeczne zaangażowanie pism teoretycznych Wagnera, skupiając się na emancypacyjnym charakterze egalitarnych i rewolucyjnych tez. W kolejnym wątku opisuję wpływ myśli Schopenhauera na autora Sztuki i rewolucji. Szczególnie skupiam się na wątku miłości, wyrzeczenia, poświęcenia i zanegowania woli. W ostatniej części odnoszę się do wagnerowskiego antysemityzmu i tzw. pism regeneracyjnych.

The forest undergrowth is crucial for maintaining the humidity, soil fertility and stability of tree stands in a forest ecosystem. How do herbivorous insects interact with the undergrowth, and how will climate change affect these complex interactions?

The aim of the studywas to find an effective method of ripple torque compensation for a direct drive with a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) without time-consuming drive identification. The main objective of the research on the development of a methodology for the proper teaching a neural network was achieved by the use of iterative learning control (ILC), correct estimation of torque and spline interpolation. The paper presents the structure of the drive system and the method of its tuning in order to reduce the torque ripple, which has a significant effect on the uneven speed of the servo drive. The proposed structure of the PMSM in the dq axis is equipped with a neural compensator. The introduced iterative learning control was based on the estimation of the ripple torque and spline interpolation. The structurewas analyzed and verified by simulation and experimental tests. The elaborated structure of the drive system and method of its tuning can be easily used by applying a microprocessor system available now on the market. The proposed control solution can be made without time-consuming drive identification, which can have a great practical advantage. The article presents a new approach to proper neural network training in cooperation with iterative learning for repetitive motion systems without time-consuming identification of the motor.

This work presents concepts of the use of algorithms inspired by the functions and properties of the nervous system in dense wireless networks. In particular, selected features of the brain consisting of a large number of nerve connections were analyzed, which is why they are a good model for a dense network. In addition, the action of a selected cells from the nervous system (such as neuron, microglia or astrocyte) as well as phenomena observed in it (e.g. neuroplasticity) are presented.

In the paper, a procedure for precise and expedited design optimization of unequal power split patch couplers is proposed. Our methodology aims at identifying the coupler dimensions that correspond to the circuit operating at the requested frequency and featuring a required power split. At the same time, the design process is supposed to be computationally efficient. The proposed methodology involves two types of auxiliary models (surrogates): an inverse one, constructed from a set of reference designs optimized for particular power split values, and a forward one which represents the circuit S-parameter gradients as a function of the power split ratio. The inverse model directly yields the values of geometry parameters of the coupler for any required power split, whereas the forward model is used for a post-scaling correction of the circuit characteristics. For the sake of illustration, a 10-GHz circular sector patch coupler is considered. The power split ratio of the structure is re-designed within a wide range of ��6 dB to 0 dB. As demonstrated, precise scaling (with the power split error smaller than 0.02 dB and the operating frequency error not exceeding 0.05 GHz) can be achieved at the cost of less than three full-wave EM simulations of the coupler. Numerical results are validated experimentally.

The aim of the paper is to identify trends in the development of health and active tourism. In order to meet the above mentioned objective, a method of critical analysis of desk research was implemented, mainly a synthetic analysis of relevant scientific publications and reports. Against the background of globalization, the development of tourism is determined by, among others, demographic, economic and technological factors. The microtrends referring to contemporary consumers are of the utmost importance. The lifestyle significantly reflects the need for pro-health services. Health and active tourism are an antidote against the worries of everyday life. That is why the tourism market needs a profiled product consisting of wellness, with particular emphasis on motor recreation, healthy food and the possibility of establishing/maintaining social and/or family relationships. Creating, refreshing or diversifying such a tourist product is not a simple task. It requires the use of expertise and experience of representatives of science and practitioners, taking into account the tourism potential of a given region/country.