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Abstract

The paper presents different approaches to the proper and accurate production and modelling (multi- phase reaction) of CaCO3 formation in the most popular, different types of reactors, i.e. continuous reactor (STR – stirred tank reactors, MSMPR – mixed suspension, mixed product removal; tube reactor), a bubble column reactor and a thin film reactor.
Many different methods of calcium carbonate production and their effect on the various characteristics of the product have been presented and discussed. One of the most important, from the point of view of practical applications, is the morphology and size of the produced particles as well as their agglomerates and size distribution. The size of the obtained CaCO3 particles and their agglomerates can vary from nanometers to micrometers. It depends on many factors but the most important are the conditions calcium carbonate precipitation and then stored.
The experimental research was strongly aided by theoretical considerations on the correct description of the process of calcium carbonate precipitation. More than once, the correct modelling of a specific process contributed to the explanation of the phenomena observed during the experiment (i.e. formation of polyforms, intermediate products, etc.).
Moreover, different methods and approaches to the accurate description of crystallization processes as well as main CFD problems has been widely reviewed. It can be used as a basic material to formulation and implementation of new, accurate models describing not only multiphase crystallization processes s taking place in different chemical reactors.
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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Gierycz
1
Artur Poświata
1

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, ul. Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

Batch dark fermentation of wheat straw and boiled potato wastes at volatile suspended solids (VSS) 5 g VSS/L are examined and compared. Investigations on dark fermentation of potatowastes and wheat straw were carried out at different pH and OFR (oxygen flow rate) values and inoculum pretreatment. The obtained hydrogen yield from waste potato was 70 mL/g VSS, while for hydrolysed wheat straw it amounted to 80 mL/g VSS. The optimum conditions for potato dark fermentation are acidic pH 6.0 and OFR 1.0 mL/h, while for the wheat straw, optimal conditions are pH 6.4 and OFR 4.6 mL/h. The comparison revealed a significant difference in hydrogen production due to the type of substrate, inoculum stressing and DF conditions applied.
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Authors and Affiliations

Gaweł Sołowski
1
Izabela Konkol
1
Marwa Shalaby
2
Adam Cenian
1

  1. Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery Polish Academy of Sciences, Physical Aspects of Ecoenergy Department, 14 Fiszera St., 80-231 Gdańsk, Poland
  2. National Research Center in Cairo, Department of Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant, El Bijouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt 12622
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Abstract

Poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) is a polyester that is particularly useful for tissue engineering appli- cations. Many researchers have focused on the application and characterization of materials made from PGS. Synthesis is often superficially described, and the prepolymer is not characterized before crosslinking. Considering the different functionality of each monomer (glycerine – 3, sebacic acid – 2), materials with a branched structure can be obtained before the crosslinking process. Branched struc- tures are not desirable for elastomers. In this work, method to obtain linear PGS resins is presented. Moreover, synthesis was optimized with the use of the Design of Experiments method for minimizing the degree of branching and maximizing the molecular weight. The process was described via mathe- matical models, which allows to the association of process parameters with product properties. In this work ca. 1kDa and less than 10% branched PGS resin was produced. This resin could be used to make very flexible elastomers because branching is minimized.
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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Wrzecionek
1
Joanna Howis
1
Paulina H. Marek
1 2
Paweł Ruśkowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Agnieszka Gadomska-Gajadhur
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
  2. University of Warsaw, Faculty of Chemistry, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

A series of steps taken to determine a kinetic equation that describes hydrogenation of propene on nickel catalyst is presented in this study. Mixed factorial design approach, belongs to designing of experiments methods was used to plane experiments. The investigations showed that the method applied makes possible determination of the kinetic equation in a relatively fast and cheap manner since only a few measurement points is required. The equation obtained was verified experimentally and statistically. Both tests showed satisfactory precision of anticipated values of the process rate.
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Authors and Affiliations

Adrian Szałek
1
Mirosław Szukiewicz
1
Elżbieta Chmiel-Szukiewicz
1

  1. Rzeszów University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
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Abstract

The production of ethyl oleate, by homogenous acid esterification of oleic acid with ethanol, have discussed experimentally and via computational simulation in a plug flow reactor. An innovative simulation model has developed to predict the esterification reaction performance in an ideal plug flow reactor. The amount of H2SO4 acid catalyst, the initial molar ratio of alcohol to oleic acid, ethanol concentration, reaction temperature, and esterification time have examined their effects on ethyl oleate production and the conversion of oleic acid. Then the simulation extended to examine the esterification reaction kinetics and determine the reaction rate coefficients. The simulation results demonstrate that the increasing of H2SO4 acid, initial molar ratio of ethanol to oleic acid, ethanol concentration, and reaction temperature improved the productivity of the ethyl oleate and reduced the reactor space-time. The kinetics results illustrated that the reaction sensitivity to the temperature unchanging by using higher ethanol concentration and alcohol to oleic acid initial ratio. Lastly, the experimental yields at different conditions were slightly higher from those simulating with average values of 93.62 and 92.29%, respectively, indicating that the phenomenon of back-mixing cannot be ignored in esterification reactors, especially with a relatively high retention time within the reactor.
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Authors and Affiliations

Suondos K.A. Barno
1
Sarmad A. Rashid
2
Ammar S. Abbas
2

  1. Presidency of the University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
  2. Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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Abstract

The purpose of the research was to define the frequency prevalence of the incorporation of sphenoid sinuses’ septum / septa in the carotid canal of the adult population.
M a t e r i a l s and M e t h o d s: 296 computed tomography (CT) scans of the patients (147 females, 149 males), who did not present any pathology in the sphenoid sinuses, were evaluated in this retrospective analysis. Spiral CT scanner — Siemens Somatom Sensation 16 — was used to glean the medical images. Standard procedure applied in the option Siemens CARE Dose 4D. No contrast medium was administered. Multiplans reconstruction (MPR) tool was used in order to obtain frontal and sagittal planes from the transverse planes previously received.
R e s u l t s: Bilateral incorporation of the main septum (MS) in the carotid canal was not present in any of the patients, whereas unilateral incorporation was noticed in 21.96% of the patients (17.68% females, 26.17% males). On the right side it occurred in 11.82% of cases (10.88% females, 12.75% males), and on the left side in 10.14% of cases (6.8% females, 13.42% males). Bilateral incorporation of the additional septum (AS) was found in 8.45% of the patients (4.08% females, 12.75% males), whereas unilateral incorporation was noted in 28.37% of the patients. It was seen on the right side in 11.82% of cases (12.93% females, 10.74% males), and on the left side in 16.55% cases (15.65% females, 17.45% males). The most common variant was the incorporation of only one of the septa (either the MS or the AS) in the wall of the carotid canal unilaterally. Such situation took place in 30.07% of the patients (29.25% females, 30.87% males).
Incorporation of two septa on the same side was noticed in 4.39% of cases (4.08% females, 4.7% males), and incorporation of three septa in 0.34% of cases (0.7% males).
C o n c l u s i o n s: The anatomy of the paranasal sinuses is varied to a great extent, hence performing a CT scan is crucial before the scheduled surgery, as it may lessen the unforeseeable surgical complications, that may result from the high prevalence of variants in the sinuses.


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Authors and Affiliations

Joanna Jaworek-Troć
1 2
Michał Zarzecki
1
Dariusz Lusina
1
Tomasz Gładysz
3
Paweł Depukat
1
Agata Mazurek
1
Wojciech Twardokęs
4
Anna Curlej- Wądrzyk
5
Joe Iwanaga
6
Ewa Walocha
7
Robert Chrzan
2
Andrzej Urbanik
2

  1. Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  2. Department of Radiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  3. Department of Dental Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  4. Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
  5. Department of Integrated Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  6. Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University, New Orleans, USA
  7. Department of Clinical Nursing, Institute of Nursing and Obstetrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

B a c k g r o u n d: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide on the cytotoxic and pro-oxidative effects of etoposide in HL-60 cells.
M e t h o d s: Cytotoxic effects were determined by incubation of HL-60 cells with various concentrations of examined compounds and combinations thereof, which were then stained with propidium iodide and analyzed using a flow cytometer. To determine the role of oxidative stress in the action of the compounds, co-incubation with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) and parthenolide and/or etoposide was used and the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) was detected.
R e s u l t s: Parthenolide significantly enhanced the cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects of etoposide. However, in most cases of the combinations of parthenolide and etoposide, their effect was antagonistic, as confirmed by an analysis using the CalcuSyn program. The examined compounds significantly reduced the level of GSH in HL-60 cells. Combination of etoposide at a concentration of 1.2 μM and parthenolide also significantly reduced GSH level. However, in the case of a combination of etoposide at a concentration of 2.5 μM with parthenolide, a significant increase in the level of GSH was obtained compared to compounds acting alone. This last observation seems to confirm the antagonism between the compounds tested.
C o n c l u s i o n s: Parthenolide did not limit the cytotoxic effect of etoposide in HL-60 cells even in the case of antagonistic interaction. If parthenolide does increase GSH levels in combination with etoposide in the normal hematopoietic cells, it could protect them against the pro-oxidative effects of this anti-cancer drug.
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Authors and Affiliations

Monika A. Papież
1
Oliwia Siodłak
1
Wirginia Krzyściak
2

  1. Department of Cytobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  2. Department of Medical Diagnostic, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

This article summarizes technical aspects of preparing printable 3D anatomical models created from radiological data (CT, MRI) and discusses their usefulness in surgery of the human skull. Interdisciplinary approach to the capabilities of the 3D printers, and the materials used for manufacturing 3D objects oriented on replicating anatomical structures has created new possibilities for simulating and planning surgical procedures in clinical practice settings.
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Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Skrzat
1

  1. Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

A i m s: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an emerging worldwide problem. Changes in clinical characteristics of women affected by GDM in a long-term perspective are still not properly investigated. We aimed to examine such changes over a decade in a retrospective single-center analysis.
M e t h o d s: The medical documentation from Department of Metabolic Diseases, Krakow, Poland was analyzed. We included 633 women consecutively diagnosed with GDM in one of three time intervals: 2007–2008 (N = 157), 2012–2013 (N = 272), 2016–2017 (N = 234). Statistical analyses were performed.
R e s u l t s: Comparison of the three groups identified differences in the mean age of women at the GDM diagnosis (30.7 ± 5.0 years vs. 31.2 ± 4.7 vs. 32.5 ± 4.7, respectively, starting from the earliest 2007–2008 group), pregnancy week at GDM diagnosis (28.0 ± 5.3 wks. vs. 25.9 ± 4.9 vs. 23.4 ± 6.8), the proportion of women diagnosed before the 24th week of pregnancy (12.8% vs. 16.5% vs. 31.3%), and gestational weight gain (12.4 ± 5.0 kg vs. 10.4 ± 5.2 vs. 10.0 ± 5.7); (p = 0.001 or less for all comparisons). We also found differences for glucose values on fasting and at 2 hours with the highest (0 min) and lowest level (120 min) in the 2016–2017, respectively. Finally, a borderline difference for the weight, but not for BMI, was found (64.1 ± 14.1 kg vs. 66.2 ± 13.1 vs. 67.8 ± 15.6; p = 0.04). Differences were also identified in the post hoc analysis between cohorts.
C o n c l u s i o n: This retrospective analysis illustrates changes in characteristics of women with GDM occurring over the period of decade in Poland. They likely result from both epidemiological trends and modifications of the WHO criteria for the GDM diagnosis.
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Authors and Affiliations

Magdalena Wilk
1 2
Katarzyna Cyganek
1 2
Bartłomiej Matejko
1 2
Sabina Krzyżowska
1 2
Izabela Lasoń
1 2
Barbara Katra
1 2
Joanna Zięba-Parkitny
2
Przemysław Witek
1 2
Maciej T. Małecki
1 2

  1. Department of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  2. University Hospital, Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

O b j e c t i v e s: Periapical inflammation is one of the most common pathologies within the jaws, leading to the destruction of periodontal ligaments, bone resorption and the formation of periapical granulomas or radicular cysts. The final diagnosis can be made only on the basis of histopathological examination. The aim of the study was to assess the conformity between clinical and histopathological diagnosis of inflammatory periapical lesions treated with apicoectomy.
M a t e r i a l s a n d M e t h o d s: The case histories of 52 patients subjected to surgical treatment at the Clinic of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics between 2008 and 2018 were analyzed. Demographic data (age, gender), clinical (radiological) diagnosis, and data on the presence of sinus tracts and causal tooth were obtained from patients’ records. R e s u l t s: In the light of clinical and radiological examination, 32 (61.5%) periapical granulomas, 18 (34.6%) radicular cysts and 2 (3.9%) periapical scars were diagnosed, whereas the result of histopathological examination revealed granuloma in 34 (65.4%) cases and in 18 (34.6%) — radicular cyst. For clinical diagnosis of granuloma, the result coincided with the result of the histopathological examination in 28 cases, and in the case of cysts in 14. The analysis showed a significant relationship between the clinical and histopathological diagnoses (p <0.05).
C o n c l u s i o n s: The study emphasizes the importance of histopathological assessment for the proper diagnosis of periapical lesions.
C l i n i c a l R e l e v a n c e: The article emphasizes the high importance of histopathological examination for the correct diagnosis of chronic inflammatory periapical lesions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Myciński
1
Katarzyna Dobroś
1
Tomasz Kaczmarzyk
2
Joanna Zarzecka
1

  1. Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  2. Department of Oral Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

Intensive hypoglycemic treatment is the strongest preventive strategy against the development of microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), including diabetic nephropathy. However, some antidiabetic drugs, i.e. sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA) have an additional renoprotective effect beyond glucose control by itself. Similar, both SGLT-2i and GLP1-RA have been demonstrated to decrease the risk of adverse cardiovascular (CV) events in CV outcome trials. Nevertheless, there are relevant differences in CV and renal effects of SGLT-2i and GLP1-RA. First, SGLT2i reduced the incidence and progression of albuminuria and prevented loss of kidney function, while predominant renal benefits of GLP1-RA were driven by albuminuria outcomes. Second, the risk of heart failure (HF) hospitalizations decreased on SGLT2i but not on GLP1-RA, which gives priority to SGLT2i in T2DM and HF, especially with depressed EF. Third, either GLP1-RA (reducing predominantly atherosclerosis-dependent events) or SGLT-2i, should be used in T2DM and established atherosclerotic CV disease (ASCVD) or other indicators of high CV risk. In this review, we have briefly compared clinical practice guidelines of the American Diabetes Association (2020 and 2021 versions), Polish Diabetes Association (2020) and the European Society of Cardiology/European Association for the Study of Diabetes (2019), with a focus on the choice between SGLT-2i and GLP1-RA in patients with diabetic kidney disease.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ewa Wieczorek-Surdacka
1
Andrzej Surdacki
2
Jolanta Świerszcz
3
Bernadeta Chyrchel
4

  1. Chair and Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  2. Second Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  3. Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  4. Second Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic contributed to the implementation of changes in the methodology of conducting many courses at medical universities. Achieving learning outcomes was associated with self-discipline and an increased portion of students’ independent work. The aim of the study is to analyze the adaptation of teaching methods to the requirements of the COVID-19 pandemic at the Department of Medical Education of Jagiellonian University Medical College. The university authorities, instructors and students made every effort not to neglect their education. The Microsoft Teams platform allowed for the efficient organization of remote classes. Lectures, activities based on dialogue, brainstorming and role- -playing were conducted via the Internet. Presentations and short films were made available to students. The safety of individuals participating in classes was guaranteed by password access and an invitation sent prior to an online meeting. Remote learning allowed for the synthesis and deepening of students’ knowledge, improvement of communication skills and development of clinical thinking as future doctors. The disadvantages of online education was the inability to improve practical skills, especially on phantoms, under the direct supervision of a trained instructor.
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Authors and Affiliations

Agnieszka Skrzypek
1
Ian Perera
1
Marta Szeliga
1
Grzegorz Cebula
1

  1. Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

The outcrop of the tsunami deposits, about 6 m thick, is located in the archaeological site Tel Askan in the Al Zhraa locality, southwest of the Gaza City. These deposits are unconformably underlain by sand dunes and sharply overlain by a palaeosol. They are pale gray sands mixed with volcanic ash and fine-grained deposits, and are intercalated with peat, few centimetres thick. The sand-sized grains are well rounded and well sorted, and consist mainly of quartz and subordinate of feldspar. Both macro- and microfossils were observed from tsunami deposits. Additionally, rip-up clasts and pottery shards were observed, indicating higher-flow regime. The potteries in tsunami deposits provide evidence for tsunami inundation at distance of about 1 km from the present shoreline.
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Authors and Affiliations

Khalid Fathi Ubeid
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University-Gaza, P.O. Box 1277, Gaza Strip, Palestine
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Abstract

Multi-proxy palaeoenvironmental analyses on the two loess-palaeosol sequences of Šarengrad II and Zmajevac (Croatia) provided the opportunity to obtain various data on climatic and environmental events that occurred in the southern part of the Carpathian Basin during the past 350,000 years. Palaeoecological horizons were reconstructed using sedimentological data (organic matter and carbonate content, grain-size distribution and magnetic susceptibility) and the dominance-based malacological results (MZs) supported by habitat and richness charts, moreover multi-variate statistics (cluster analysis). The correlation of the reconstructed palaeoecological horizons with global climatic trends (Marine Isotope Stages) determined the main accumulation processes in the examined areas. The palaeoecological analyses revealed specific accumulation conditions at both sequences, fluvial and aeolian environments at Šarengrad and a possible forest refuge at Zmajevac.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dávid Molnár
1 2
László Makó
1 2
Péter Cseh
1 2
Pál Sümegi
1 2
István Fekete
3
Lidija Galović
4

  1. Department of Geology and Paleontology, University of Szeged, H-6722 Szeged, Egyetem u. 2-6, Hungary
  2. University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, Long Environmental Changes research team, H-6722 Szeged, Egyetem u. 2-6, Hungary
  3. Department of Physical Geography and Geoinformatics, University of Szeged, H-6722 Szeged, Egyetem u. 2-6, Hungary
  4. Croatian Geological Survey, Sachsova 2, 10001 Zagreb, Croatia
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Abstract

This paper presents a new approach to stratigraphy and palaeogeography of NW Ukraine. So far, the glacial landforms near the Rostan area have been interpreted as end moraines derived from the Saalian ice-sheet. Sedimentological and petrographic analyses conducted at the Rostan site shed new light on the dynamics and age of the ice-sheet that formed the examined glaciogenic forms. Sedimentological analysis of glacial deposits documented the sedimentary environment of a glaciofluvial fan deposited by the ice-sheet front characterised by varying dynamics, i.e. advancing, stationary and retreating. Petrographic analysis proved an older age of deposits, i.e. Elsterian, and not Saalian as interpreted so far. These results shed new light on palaeogeography and stratigraphy of this area. The occurrence of the Elsterian deposits on the surface gives evidence of the absence of younger – Saalian – glaciation in this area, which relates to the recently announced new approaches to palaeogeography and stratigraphy of neighbouring areas in eastern Poland.
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Authors and Affiliations

Joanna Rychel
1
Anna Orłowska
2
Łukasz Zbucki
3
Łukasz Nowacki
1
Ivan Zalesskij
4

  1. Polish Geological Institute – National Research Institute, Rakowiecka 4, 00-975 Warsaw, Poland
  2. Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Kraśnicka 2d, 20-718 Lublin, Poland
  3. Pope John Paul 2nd State School of Higher Education, Faculty of Economics Sciences, Sidorska 95/97, 21-500 BiałaPodlaska, Poland
  4. Rivne State Humanitarian University, Halytskoho 12/20, 33012 Rivne, Ukraine
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Abstract

The article presents results of research of three sections (Kuców 9, 10 and 16). Two of them record fluvial and lacustrine interglacial sediments and the third, cold-stage glaciolacustrine sediments. They were formed inside the Miocene– Pliocene syncline depressions in a central part of the southern horst within the Kleszczów Graben. Fluvial and lacustrine deposits of the Middle Pleistocene Interglacial (Mazovian or Ferdynandovian in the Czyżów Formation) are described from the Kuców 9 and 10 sections. Their sediments are located in marginal parts of a buried river valley and within an oxbow palaeolake, then covered by glaciofluvial deposits of the Ławki (Early Saalian) and Rogowiec (Late Saalian) Formations. The Kuców 16 section comprises ice-dam sandy lithofacies (Kuców Formation, Elsterian) of a marginal part in a proglacial lake. Two pollen diagrams of K65/15 and Kuców 9 sections represent the Mazovian (Holsteinian) succession, although in the Kuców 9 section some features are typical for the Ferdinandovian succession.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dariusz Krzyszkowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Lucyna Wachecka-Kotkowska
2
ORCID: ORCID
Małgorzata Nita
3
ORCID: ORCID
Dariusz Wieczorek
4
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Wrocław, Institute of Geography and Regional Development, 50-137 Wrocław, Pl. Uniwersytecki 1, Poland
  2. University of Łódź, Department of Geology and Geomorphology, 90-139 Łódź, Narutowicza 88, Poland
  3. University of Silesia, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Będzińska Str. 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
  4. Polish Geological Institute – National Research Institute, Holy Cross Branch of Jan Czarnocki, Zgoda 21, 25-953 Kielce, Poland
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Abstract

The paper concerns GMT application for studies of the geophysical and geomorphological settings of the Weddell Sea. Its western part is occupied by the back-arc basin developed during geologic evolution of the Antarctic. The mapping presents geophysical settings reflecting tectonic formation of the region, glaciomarine sediment distribution and the bathymetry. The GlobSed grid highlighted the abnormally large thickness of sedimentary strata resulted from the long lasting sedimentation and great subsidence ratio. The sediment thickness indicated significant influx (>13,000m) in the southern segment. Values of 6,000–7,000 m along the peninsula indicate stability of the sediments influx. The northern end of the Filchner Trough shows increased sediment supply. The topography shows variability -7,160–4,763 m. The ridges in the northern segment and gravity anomalies (>75 mGal) show parallel lines stretching NW-SE (10°–45°W, 60°–67°S) which points at the effects of regional topography. The basin is dominated by the slightly negative gravity >-30 mGal. The geoid model shows a SW-NE trend with the lowest values <18 m in the south, the highest values >20m in the NE and along the Coats Land. The ripples in the north follow the geometry of the submarine ridges and channels proving correlation with topography and gravitational equipotential surface.
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Authors and Affiliations

Polina Lemenkova
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences, Department of Natural Disasters, Anthropogenic Hazards and Seismicity of the Earth, Laboratory of Regional Geophysics and Natural Disasters, Bolshaya Gruzinskaya Str. 10, Bld. 1, Moscow, 123995, Russian Federation;
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Abstract

The deepening and exploration of the loess-palaeosol section at the foot of the Kopasz Hill at Bodrogkeresztúr have been carried out to expand the existing knowledge of the Carpathian foothill palaeoenvironmental factors and their impact. The study deals with particle size analysis, organic matter and carbonate content. For the presentation of age-depth models, the OSL dates of Bodrogkeresztúr (BKT) and the 14C dates of Bodrogkeresztúr, brickyard 1 were used-, and the diagrams of the Accumulation Rates (AR) derived from them. These were compared with Mass Accumulation Rate (MAR) calculations based on OSL and 14C data from BKT and 14C data from Bodrogkeresztúr, brickyard 1. It became evident that there is a significant difference between the two sections, which may be due to the upland position, the overlap, or the wind tunnel effect. Sedimentological studies revealed coarser grain composition, however, the nearly complete absence of coarser sand fraction is also noticeable in the case of BKT. Also, the entire section is characterized by increased carbonate content due to post-sedimentation processes, recarbonization and leaching. The AR and MAR results show the difference between the suitability of different chronometric methods, indicating that the top of both sections may have been redeposited or eroded.
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Authors and Affiliations

László Makó
1 2
Dávid Molnár
1 2
Péter Cseh
1 2
Pál Sümegi
1 2

  1. Department of Geology and Paleontology, University of Szeged, H-6722 Szeged, Egyetem u. 2-6, Hungary
  2. University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, Long Environmental Changes research team, H-6722 Szeged, Egyetem u. 2-6, Hungary
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Abstract

Malignancies of the hematopoietic system frequently are associated with severe cytopenias requiring transfusions of blood components. Refusal of blood components by Jehovah’s Witnesses (JW) produces challenges to treatment. In this report we describe the outcome of hematological malignancies of JW patients treated without transfusions. Altogether, eight JW, diagnosed 1994–2015, 6 (75%) females, the median age at diagnosis 40 years (range, 20–78), were included into the analysis. The diagnoses were: acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2, 25%), acute myeloid leukemia (2, 25%), non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (4, 50%). One patient died without treatment while the remaining 7 patients received treatment, including imatinib in 1 patient with BCR-ABL1+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Five (62.5%) patients received erythropoiesis stimulating agents. Median hemoglobin concentration at diagnosis was 8.7 g/dL (range, 6.3–13.1), and it decreased to 3.2 g/dL (range, 2.6–9.3) during first-line treatment. Median platelet count at diagnosis was 52 × 109/L (range, 15–392). All patients became thrombocytopenic upon treatment reaching median platelet count 8 × 109/L (range, 2–85). Five patients developed respiratory failure. Anemia contributed substantially to the death of 3 out of 6 patients (50%). One patient (17%) developed central nervous system bleeding in the course of thrombocytopenia. Objective response rate was 43%, with 29% complete remissions after first-line treatment. Despite the median overall survival of 15.3 months (95% CI, 0.2–52.2), all but one acute leukemia patients succumbed shortly after the diagnosis. To conclude, the outcome of JW treated because of hematological malignancies without blood transfusions is very dismal, nevertheless, selected patients can obtain complete remissions. Anemia contributes significantly to the death of JW.
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Authors and Affiliations

Joanna Ewa Drozd-Sokołowska
1
Anna Waszczuk-Gajda
1
Jadwiga Dwilewicz-Trojaczek
1
Alicja Walesiak
1
Monika Krzyżanowska
1
Monika Paluszewska
1
Jolanta Wieczorek
1
Wiesław Wiktor-Jędrzejczak
1

  1. Department of Hematology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

We define as preterm any newborn born before 37 weeks of gestation. The incidence of inguinal hernia is 1–4.4% among full term neonates and older children. In preterm newborns it is significantly more often, with an incidence that raises up to 30%. In this comprehensive review of the literature we provide evidence-based answers in various questions concerning the optimal treatment of inguinal hernias in preterm neonates. Such questions include the proper time of intervention, the choice of optimal anesthesia, the necessity for contralateral investigation in case of an ipsilateral hernia, the prevention of post-operative apnea and the choice between classic and laparoscopic surgical techniques.
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20. Marulaiah M., Atkinson J., Kukkady A., et al.: Is contralateral exploration necessary in preterm infants with unilateral inguinal hernia? J Pediatr Surg. 2006; 41:2004–2007. 21. Steigman C., Sotelo-Avila C., Weber T.: The incidence of spermatic cord structures in inguinal hernia sacs from male children. Am J Surg Pathol. 1999; 23: 880–885. 22. Dehner L.P.: Inguinal hernia in the male child: where the latest skirmish line has formed. Am J Surg Pathol. 1999; 23: 869–887. 23. Walc L., Bass J., Rubin S., et al.: Testicular fate after inguinal hernia repair and orchidopexy in patients under 6 months of age. J Pediatr Surg. 1995; 30: 1195–1197. 24. Laituri C.A., Garey C.L., Pieters B.J., et al.: Overnight observation in former premature infants undergoing inguinal hernia repair. J Pediatr Surg. 2012; 47: 217–220. 25. Walther-Larsen S., Rasmussen L.S.: The former preterm infant and riskof post-operative apnoea: recommendations for management. Acta Anesthsiol Scand. 2006; 50: 888–893. 26. Murphy J.J., Swanson T., Ansermino M., et al.: The frequency of apneas in premature infants after inguinal hernia repair: do they need overnight monitoring in the intensive care unit? J Pediatr Surg. 2008; 43: 865–868. 27. Özdemir T., Arıkan A.: Postoperative apnea after inguinal hernia repair in formerly premature infants: impacts of gestational age, postconceptional age and comorbidities. Pediatr Surg Int. 2013; 29: 801–804.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ioannis Patoulias
1
Ioanna Gkalonaki
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dimitrios Patoulias
2

  1. First Department of Pediatric Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital “G Gennimatas”, Thessaloniki, Greece
  2. First Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital “Hippokration”, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Abstract

B a c k g r o u n d: Stress is a major risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) disease. We hypothesized that past strong experiences might modulate acute CV autonomic responses to an unexpected acoustic stimulus.
A i m: The study’s aim was to compare acute CV autonomic responses to acoustic stress between students with and without a past strong experience associated with the acoustic stimulus.
M a t e r i a l s and M e t h o d s: Twenty five healthy young volunteers — medical and non-medical students — were included in the study. CV hemodynamic parameters, heart rate (HR), and blood pressure (BP) variability were assessed for 10 min at rest and for 10 min after two different acoustic stimuli: a standard sound signal and a specific sound signal used during a practical anatomy exam (so-called “pins”).
R e s u l t s: Both sounds stimulated the autonomic nervous system. The “pins” signal caused a stronger increase in HR in medical students (69 ± 10 vs. 73 ± 13 bpm, p = 0.004) when compared to non-medical students (69 ± 6 vs. 70 ± 10, p = 0.695). Rises in diastolic BP, observed 15 seconds after sound stressors, were more pronounced after the “pins” sound than after the standard sound signal only in medical students (3.1% and 1.4% vs. 3% and 4.4%), which was also reflected by low-frequency diastolic BP variability (medical students: 6.2 ± 1.6 vs. 4.1 ± 0.8 ms2, p = 0.04; non-medical students: 6.0 ± 4.3 vs. 4.1 ± 2.6 ms2, p = 0.06).
C o n c l u s i o n s: The “pins” sound, which medical students remembered from their anatomy practical exam, provoked greater sympathetic activity in the medical student group than in their non-medical peers. Thus, past strong experiences modulate CV autonomic responses to acute acoustic stress.
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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Jurczyk
1
Andrzej Boryczko
1
Agata Furgała
1
ORCID: ORCID
Adrian Poniatowski
1
Andrzej Surdacki
2
Krzysztof Gil
1

  1. Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  2. Second Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

It is commonly known that the cause of serious accidents in underground coal mining is methane. Thus, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) becomes a useful tool to simulate methane dispersion and to evaluate the performance of the ventilation system in order to prevent mine accidents related to methane. In this study, numerical and experimental studies of the methane concentration and air velocity behaviour were carried out. The experiment was conducted in an auxiliary ventilated coal heading in Turkish Hard Coal Enterprises (TTK), which is the most predominant coal producer in Turkey. The simulations were modeled using Fluent-Ansys v.12. Significant correlations were found when experimental values and modeling results were compared with statistical analysis. The CFD modeling of the methane and air velocity in the headings especially uses in auxiliary ventilation systems of places where it is hard to measure or when the measurements made are inadequate.
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Authors and Affiliations

Gülnaz Daloğlu
1
Mustafa Önder
1
Teresa Parra
2

  1. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Müh. Mim. Fak. Maden Mühendi sliği Bölümü, 26480 Eskişehir, Turkey
  2. University of Valladolid, Department of Energy and Fluid Mechanics, Valladolid, Spain
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Abstract

In order for the ultimate state methods to be applied in dimensioning of the load-bearing elements in a conveyance, it is required that their design loads during their normal duty cycle and under the emergency braking conditions should be first established. Recently, efforts have been made to determine the interaction forces between the shaft steelwork and the conveyance under the normal operating condition [1,2]. Thus far, this aspect has been mostly neglected in design engineering. Measurement results summarised in this paper and confronted with the theoretical data [3] indicate that the major determinant of fatigue endurance of conveyances is the force acting horizontally and associated with the conveyance being hoisted in relation to the vertical force due to the weight of the conveyance and payload.
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Authors and Affiliations

Stanisław Wolny
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland

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