Search for: [Keywords = "plastics"]

Learning by a whisker

ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2016 | Nr 4 (48) Control | 54-59

Keywords brain plasticity mechanisms of learning

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Abstract

Prof. Małgorzata Kossut of the Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology talks about brain plasticity, the mechanisms of learning, and the mysteries of forgetfulness.

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Authors and Affiliations

Małgorzata Kossut

Psychedelics – a better alternative for depression treatment?

Krystyna Gołembiowska

Nauka | 2021 | No 4 | 93-104 | DOI: 10.24425/nauka.2021.137644

Keywords psychedelics depression brain plasticity

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Abstract

Psychedelics, as a plant-derived material, have been used for millennia in religious and medical practices. They produce an altered state of consciousness characterized by distortions of perception, hallucinations, dissolution of self boundaries and the experience of unity with the world. Classic psychedelics, also known as serotonergic hallucinogens, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin were extensively investigated in substance-assisted psychotherapy during the 1950s–1960s. These early clinical studies reported improvement rates in patients with various forms of depression, anxiety disorders, alcohol dependence. The development of modern neuroimaging techniques renewed interest in the investigation of psychedelics as a class of drugs that may reopen multiple therapeutic benefits. Current behavioral and neurochemical data show that psychedelics induce their psychological effects primarily via 5-hydroxytryptamine type 2A (5-HT2A) receptor activation and modulate neural circuits involved in mood and affective disorders. Clinical trials examining psilocybin have suggested that the compound relieves symptoms of depression and anxiety with rapid onset and longer duration. Serotonergic psychedelics enhance expression of neurotrophic factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as well as expression of genes associated with synaptic plasticity and stimulate synapse formation. These effects are similar to those produced by fast-acting antidepressant ketamine. Basic science research can reveal the neural mechanism of psychedelics action and how they can be used for treatment.

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Authors and Affiliations

Krystyna Gołembiowska

1

Instytut Farmakologii im. Jerzego Maja Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Kraków

Circular economy: comparative life cycle assessment of fossil polyethylene terephthalate (PET)and its recycled and bio-based counterparts

Magdalena Rybaczewska-Błażejowska Angel Mena-Nieto

Management and Production Engineering Review | 2020 | vol. 11 | No 4 | DOI: 10.24425/mper.2020.136126

Keywords circular economy life cycle assessment (LCA) polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polylacticacid (PLA) recycled plastics sustainable consumption packaging waste management

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Abstract

The transition to circular economy requires diversifying material sources, improving secondary raw materials management, including recycling, and finally finding sustainable alternative materials. Both recycled and bio-based plastics are often regarded as promising

alternatives to conventional fossil-based plastics. Their broad application instead of fossilbased plastics is, however, frequently the subject of criticism because of offering limited

environmental benefits. The study presents a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) of

fossil-based polyethylene terephthalate (PET) versus its recycled and bio-based counterparts. The system boundary covers the plastics manufacturing and end-of-life plastic management stages (cradle-to-cradle/grave variant). Based on the data and assumptions set

out in the research, recycled PET (rPET) demonstrates the best environmental profile out

of the evaluated plastics in all impact categories. The study contributes to circular economy in plastics by providing transparent and consistent knowledge on their environmental

portfolio.

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Authors and Affiliations

Magdalena Rybaczewska-Błażejowska

Angel Mena-Nieto

The Pyrolysis Behavior of Mixtures of Commodity Plastics with Polyvinyl Chloride in a Thermogravimetric Analyzer

Albrecht Heinzel Tim C. Keener Soon-Jai Khang

Archives of Environmental Protection | 2001 | vol. 27 | No 3 | 11-33

Keywords pyrolisis waste plastics thermal degradation

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Abstract

Waste plastics make up approximately 20% of the volume of landifill material and almost 10% of the weight. These products contain substantial energy recovery value, and also represent a potentia!iy valuable source of feedstock raw material for additional plastics production. Controlled pyrolysis offers a method of converting raw, mixed waste plastics back into feedstock grade liquids by the application of heat in the absence of oxygen. However, chlorine from the thermal degradation of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) can contaminate the reclamed liquids making them more difficult and expensive for processing, and also produce a corrosive atmosphere which makes processing more expresive. This paper reports on a study of the impact of PVC on the thermal degradation rates other plastics including polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). Commodity plastics were mixed at various ratios with PVC and analyzed by means of their degradation rates to determine the kinetic rate constants which were compared to the rates obtained for the pure plastics. The values of the kinetic parameters for the pure compounds were all very close to, or within the ranges obtained from the literature. The results indicated that the decomposition behavior of the mixtures differed from those of the pure polymers. These deviations were greatest for mixtures of PVC with polyethylene terephthalate where it was determined that the dehydrochlorination step of PVC catalyzes the decomposition of PET. Pyrolysis of mixtures of PVC and polysteryne at temperatures between 200° C and 350° C result in incomplete dehydrochlorination. This results in more chlorinated compounds being released at higher temperatures.

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Authors and Affiliations

Albrecht Heinzel

Tim C. Keener

Soon-Jai Khang

Analysis of the thickness of the plasticized zone in the surface burnishing process

Józef Jezierski Tomasz Mazur

Archive of Mechanical Engineering | 2002 | vol. 49 | No 2 | 105-126

Keywords thickness of the plasticized zone variables of burnishing

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Abstract

The objective of this study was an analysis of the thickness of a plasticized zone that appears after surface burnishing of machine parts with a non-deformable roller of a torus contour. A function defining the plasticized zone thickness depending on burnishing parameters was determined. M. T. Huber's hypothesis of plastic deformation was used in the solution. It was found that the thickness of the plasticized zone depends principally on the pressure force and yield point, and it is insignificantly dependent on the geometrical dimensions of the workpiece and burnishing roller.

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Authors and Affiliations

Józef Jezierski

Tomasz Mazur

The Effect of the Asymmetrical Rolling Process on Structural Changes in Hot-Rolled Bimetal Sheets

D. Rydz B. Koczurkiewicz G. Stradomski T. Garstka J. Wypart

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2019 | vol. 64 | No 4 | 1495-1501 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2019.130118

Keywords asymmetric rolling microstructure plastic deformation

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Abstract

The paper presents research results on the selection of parameters for the asymmetric rolling process of bimetallic plates 10CrMo9-10 + X2CrNiMo17-12-2. They consisted in determining the optimum parameters of the process, which would be ensured to obtain straight bands. Such deformation method introduces in the band the deformations resulting from shear stress, which affect changes in the microstructure. But their effect on the structure is more complicated than in the case of homogeneous materials. It has been shown that the introduction of asymmetric conditions into the rolling process results in greater grain refinement in the so-called hard layer. There was no negative effect on the structural changes in the soft layer observed.

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Authors and Affiliations

D. Rydz

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ORCID:

B. Koczurkiewicz

G. Stradomski

T. Garstka

J. Wypart

Automated test bench for research on electrostatic separation in plastic recycling application

Roman Regulski Dorota Czarnecka-Komorowska Cezary Jędryczka Dariusz Sędziak Dominik Rybarczyk Krzysztof Netter Mariusz Barański Mateusz Barczewski

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2021 | 69 | 2 | e136719 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.136719

Keywords recycling automotive plastics waste separation electrostatic separator

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Abstract

Many researchers in the developed countries have been intensively seeking effective methods of plastic recycling over the past years. Those techniques are necessary to protect our natural environment and save non-renewable resources. This paper presents the concept of an electrostatic separator designed as a test bench dedicated to the separation of mixed plastic waste from the automotive industry. According to the current policy of the European Union on the recycling process of the automotive industry, all these waste materials must be recycled further for re-entering into the life cycle (according to the circular economy). In this paper, the proposed concept and design of the test bench were offered the feasibility to conduct research and technological tests of the electrostatic separation process of mixed plastics. The designed test bench facilitated assessing the impact of positions of high-voltage electrodes, the value and polarity of the high voltage, the variable speed of feeders and drums, and also triboelectrification parameters (like time and intensity) on the process, among others. A specialized computer vision system has been proposed and developed to enable quick and reliable evaluation of the impact of process parameters on the efficiency of electrostatic separation. The preliminary results of the conducted tests indicated that the proposed innovative design of the research stand ensures high research potential, thanks to the high accuracy of mixed plastics in a short time. The results showed the significant impact of the corona electrode position and the value of the applied voltage on the separation process effectiveness. It can be concluded that the results confirmed the ability to determine optimally the values of the studied parameters, in terms of plastic separation effectiveness. This study showed that this concept of an electrostatic separator designed as a test bench dedicated for separation of mixed plastic waste can be widely applied in the recycling plastic industry.

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Authors and Affiliations

Roman Regulski

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Dorota Czarnecka-Komorowska

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Cezary Jędryczka

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Dariusz Sędziak

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Dominik Rybarczyk

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Krzysztof Netter

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mariusz Barański

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mateusz Barczewski

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Institute of Mechanical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
Institute of Materials Technology, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
Institute of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznań, Poland

Study on some of the strength properties of soft clay stabilized with plastic waste strips

Worku Firomsa Kabeta

Archives of Civil Engineering | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 3 | 385-395 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2022.141892

Keywords plastic strips stabilization strength properties soft clay

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Abstract

It is well known that if plastic wastes are not well managed, it has a negative impact on the environment as well as on human health. In this study, recycling plastic waste in form of strips for stabilizing weak subgrade soil is proposed. For this purpose, a weak clay soil sample was mixed with 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.4% of plastic strips by weight of soil, and the experimental results were compared to the control soil sample with 0% plastic. Laboratory tests on the Standard compaction test, Unconfined compression test (UCS), and California bearing ratio (CBR) were conducted according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). The results of the study reveal that there are significant improvements in the strength of weak soil stabilized with plastic waste strips. Accordingly, the Standard Proctor test shows that there is a small increment in the maximum dry density of the soil when it is mixed with plastic strips. The result from the CBR test shows that there is a significant increment of CBR value with the plastic strip content. The unconfined compressive strength test also shows that increasing the percentage of plastic strips from 0 to 0.4% resulted in increased strength of soil by 138% with 2 cm length plastic strips. Therefore, this study recommends the application of plastic strips for improvement of the strength of soft clay for subgrade construction in civil engineering practice as an alternative weak soil stabilization method.

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Authors and Affiliations

Worku Firomsa Kabeta

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Narutowicza11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland

Plastic – a sign of environmental indifference?

Barbara Urban-Malinga

ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2020 | Nr 3 (67) Indifference | 14-17 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2020.136763

Keywords marine biology plastics degradation microplastics sea pollution

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Abstract

The average consumer uses plastic packaging practically for just about everything: shopping, storing food, collecting waste. Very few people think about what happens to waste packaging and how it affects the environment.

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Authors and Affiliations

Barbara Urban-Malinga

Emissivity measurement of black paint using the calorimetric method

Ewa Pelińska-Olko

Archives of Thermodynamics | 2023 | vol. 44 | No 3 | 161-177 | DOI: 10.24425/ather.2023.147542

Keywords Calorimetric method Emissivity Thermosensitive materials Polymers plastics

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Abstract

The paper is of practical importance and describes the construction of a test rig and the measurement method for determining the relative emissivity coefficient of thermosensitive thin polymer coatings. Polymers are high-molecular chemical compounds that produce chains of repeating elements called ‘mers’. The polymers can be natural and artificial. The former ones form the building material for living organisms, the latter – for plastics. In this work, the words plastics and polymers are used as synonyms. Some plastics are thermosensitive materials with specific physical and chemical properties. The calorimetric method mentioned in the title consists of two steps. The first stage, described here, involves very accurately measuring the emissivity of black paint with the highest possible relative emissivity coefficient, which covers the surface of the heater and the inner surface of the chamber. In the second step, the thermosensitive polymer will be placed on the inner surface of the chamber, while black paint with a known emissivity coefficient will remain on the heater. Such a way of determining the properties of thermosensitive polymers will increase the error of the method itself, but at the same time will avoid melting of the polymer coating. During the tests, the results of which are presented in this work, the emissivity coefficient of the black paint was obtained in the range of 0.958–0.965.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ewa Pelińska-Olko

1

Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Department of Thermodynamics and Renewable Energy Sources, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland

On residual stresses distributions due to elasto-plastic rolling contact

Marek Bijak-Żochowski Piotr Marek Marek Tracz

Archive of Mechanical Engineering | 2004 | vol. 51 | No 1 | 5-26

Keywords elastic-plastic rolling contact residual stress

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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Bijak-Żochowski

Piotr Marek

Marek Tracz

Grape production assessment using surface and subsurface drip irrigation methods

Sharad J. Kadbhane Vivek L. Manekar

Journal of Water and Land Development | 2021 | No 49 | 169-178 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2021.137109

Keywords crop water requirement irrigation with plastic bottles organic mulch plastic mulch stone column sustainable irrigation water productivity

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Abstract

The study involved experimental work implemented from April 2014 until March 2017. Its purpose was to observe grape production quality parameters, such as yield, water productivity, berry size and bio-mass. Different irrigation methods, such as drip irrigation (DI), drip irrigation with plastic mulching (DIPM), drip irrigation with organic mulching (DIOM), subsur-face irrigation with stone column (SISC), subsurface irrigation with mud pot (SIMP), and subsurface irrigation with plastic bottles (SIPB) have been used during the experimental work. The crop has been irrigated following the CROPWAT-8.0 model developed by the FAO. Climate parameters are obtained from the automatic weather station located near the experi-mental field. Based on experimental results and analyses, it has been observed that the drip irrigation with the plastic mulching method is the best for irrigation in terms of the grape yield comparing with all other methods due to its highest productivity of 35–40%. Subsurface irrigation with the plastic bottle method is found to be suitable as it gives 20% higher yield than the traditional drip irrigation method. The SIPB method shows the cost-benefit ratio of 112.3, whereas the DIPM method had the ratio of 36.6. Based on the cost-benefit analysis, it is concluded that the SIPB method is economically more viable as compared with all other methods. Hence, based on the findings, it is recommended to use drip irrigation with a plastic mulch-ing and drip irrigation with a plastic bottle as the best options to achieve grape productivity while using minimum water.

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Authors and Affiliations

Sharad J. Kadbhane

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Vivek L. Manekar

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Savitribai Phule Pune University, NDMVPS KBT College of Engineering, Nashik, Udoji Maratha Boarding Campus, 422013, Nashik, India
Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, India

Maarine and macroplastic litter monitoring and strategic recommendation for reducing pollution: case study from Semarang City

Badrus Zaman Bimastyaji Surya Ramadan Anik Sarminingsih Ika Bagus Priyambada Mochamad Arief Budihardjo

Archives of Environmental Protection | 2023 | vol. 49 | No 4 | 37-45 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2023.148684

Keywords coastal pollution litter monitoring macro plastic marine litter

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Abstract

Indonesia is one of the largest contributors to global marine litter deposition, given its high population and the largest archipelagic country. The increasing problem of plastic littering has recently attracted the attention of researchers. This study aims to identify marine and macroplastic litter in Semarang City. A field survey was conducted by dividing the beach into 18 sampling grids, each with an area of 1 × 1 m2. A literature survey was also conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology to identify literature that can be used to develop recommendations. The results showed that 6.26–11.16 grams/m2/ day of marine litter and approximately 1.61–4.89 items/m2/day of plastic litter would be deposited on Semarang City beaches. The greatest contributors to macroplastic litter were polypropylene (PP) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE), which should be considered for further intervention. Strategic recommendations were developed based on an in-depth literature survey and best practices in the current field. These also include recommendations that can be used as a reference by policymakers and other stakeholders to reduce marine pollution. The results of this study are expected to provide a multiplier effect on reducing marine pollution for the city.

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Authors and Affiliations

Badrus Zaman

1

Bimastyaji Surya Ramadan

2 3

Anik Sarminingsih

1

Ika Bagus Priyambada

1

Mochamad Arief Budihardjo

1

Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro Jl.Prof. H. Sudarto, SH Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia
Graduate Programs in Environmental Systems, Graduate School of Environmental Engineering,The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, Japan
Environmental Sustainability Research Group, Department of Environmental Engineering,Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia

A novel method and device for plastic mulch retriever

Kanat M. Khazimov Adilkhan K. Niyazbayev Zhanbota S. Shekerbekova Aigul A. Urymbayeva Gulzhanat A. Mukanova Tursunkul A. Bazarbayeva Vladimir F. Nekrashevich Marat Zh. Khazimov

Journal of Water and Land Development | 2021 | No 49 | 85-94 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2021.137100

Keywords compaction microclimatic conditions mulch retriever plastic mulch polymer degradation

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Abstract

Plastic mulch provides a range of benefits including helping modulate soil temperature, reduce soil erosion, evaporation, fertilizer leaching and weed problems and increasing the quality and yields of the product. But when the crops are harvested, plastic mulch needs to be removed from the ground for disposal. Otherwise, these wastes are mixed with the soil and have a negative impact on yields by reducing the access of nutrients and moisture in the soil. The purpose of the current study is, therefore, to propose a roller for plastic mulch retriever which is applicable when the crops are harvested, and the plastic mulch needs to be removed from the ground for disposal. The winding mechanism of the plastic mulch retriever performs the main function and must have the high-quality performance of the winding operation in the removal technology. Research based on requirements of tensile strength test method and changes of strength characteristics of plastic mulch from various factors under natural conditions. The coefficient of compaction of the used plastic mulch (Krel), was the ratio of the diameter of the standard plastic mulch which was wound in the factory to the diameter of the used plastic mulch during the winding.

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Authors and Affiliations

Kanat M. Khazimov

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Adilkhan K. Niyazbayev

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Zhanbota S. Shekerbekova

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Aigul A. Urymbayeva

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Gulzhanat A. Mukanova

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Tursunkul A. Bazarbayeva

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Vladimir F. Nekrashevich

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Marat Zh. Khazimov

1 2 4

e-mail:

ORCID:

Kazakh National Agrarian University, Faculty of IT – Technology, Automation and Mechanization of Agro-Industrial Complex, Valikhanov St 137, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Ryazan State Agrotechnological University, Ryazan, Russia
Almaty University of Power Engineering and Telecommunications, Faculty of Heat Power Engineering and Heating Engineering, Almaty, Kazakhstan

Kinetic investigations on esterification of maleic anhydride with butanols

Maria Bartoszewicz Maria Kulawska Wiesław Organek

Chemical and Process Engineering | 2020 | vol. 41 | No 4 | 293-306 | DOI: 10.24425/cpe.2020.136014

Keywords acidic catalysts butyl alcohol dibutyl maleate esterification reaction plasticizer

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Abstract

Kinetic studies of esterification reaction of maleic anhydride with butan-1-ol, 2-methylpropan-1-ol and butan-2-ol were carried out in a semibatch reactor, in the presence of four acidic catalysts: sulfuric acid, phosphotungstic acid, ion exchange resin Dowex 50WX8 and tetrabutyl zirconate. Phosphotungstic acid proved to be the most active catalyst. The temperature range was 383–413 K, the initial molar ratio of alcohol to acid ranged 2.2-5:1. The kinetic parameters were given. The kinetics appeared to be that of the second order with respect both to the acid and to the alcohol. The reaction carried out in the presence of tetrabutyl zirconate was very slow and depended only on acid concentration. The effect of temperature on the reaction rate follows the Arrhenius equation well.

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Authors and Affiliations

Maria Bartoszewicz

1

Maria Kulawska

2

Wiesław Organek

2

Łukasiewicz Research Network – Institute of Heavy Organic Synthesis “Blachownia”, Energetyków 9, 47-225 Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland
Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bałtycka 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland

Studies of the Properties of Materials for Foundry Patterns Used in the Production of High-quality Precision Castings

A. Dydak M. Książek

Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2020 | vol. 20 | No 4 | 55-60 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2020.133347

Keywords 3D printing Rapid prototyping Plastics patterns Precision casting

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Abstract

The paper presents the properties of plastics under the trade names of PMMA and Midas, and of Formowax, Romocast 305 and Romocast 930 casting waxes. Their effect on the quality of foundry patterns used in the manufacture of ceramic moulds for precision casting is also discussed. From the selected materials for foundry patterns, samples were made for testing using the following methods: (i) 3D printing in the case of plastics, and (ii) conventional method based on tooling in the form of metal moulds (dies) in the case of casting waxes.

The most important physico-mechanical properties of materials for foundry patterns were determined, i.e. linear shrinkage, softening temperature, relative elongation and coefficient of thermal linear expansion. Bending tests were carried out on samples of patterns printed and made in metal moulds, including determination of the surface roughness of patterns.

After the process of melting out patterns from the cavities of ceramic moulds in an autoclave, the degree of their melting out was visually assessed (i.e. the residues from pattern removal were evaluated). The ash content after burning out of foundry patterns was also determined. The conducted tests allowed comparing the important parameters of materials used for foundry patterns and assessing the suitability of selected plastics as a material for foundry patterns used in the manufacture of high-quality precision castings.

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Authors and Affiliations

A. Dydak

M. Książek

Plasticity Changes of Moulding Sands with Chemical Binders Caused by Increasing the Hardening Degree

Natalia Matonis J. Zych

Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2022 | vol. 22 | No 2 | 71-76 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2022.140227

Keywords Self-setting sands (SSS) Plastic properties Hardening degree Ultrasounds

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Abstract

The results of investigations of plasticity of moulding sands with binders obtained by measuring deflection angles in the single point bend test in dependence on their hardening degree are presented in the hereby paper. Shaped samples made of moulding sands obtained in the technology with urea-furfuryl resin Furanol FR75A and in the technology with water glass, were subjected to various tests. Shaped samples were made on the quartz matrix of a medium grains size ��=0,29 ��. Investigations were performed for the resin content being 1% and 2%, at a constant proportion of a hardener versus resin -- equal 60%. In the case of sands from the technology with water glass, investigations were performed for 3.5% of water glass versus sand matrix and 0.35% of Flodur. Plasticity tests were carried out with using the strength machine with a continuous recording of a sample deflection value. Measurements of deflection angles values in the bend test were performed on a series of simultaneously made samples at constant time intervals from the moment of their making. To determine the sand hardening degree the ultrasound technique was applied, according to the previously developed methodology [1]. Every time from the obtained results the characteristic of the growing stress as a function of deflection was prepared (��). In addition, for the tested group of moulding sands, empirical relationships between the maximum deflection angle (αmax) in the bend test and the hardening degree were determined (Sx): α = f(Sx).

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Bibliography

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[10] Dobosz, M.St., Grabarczyk, A. & Major-Gabryś, K. (2017). Elasticity of moulding sands – a method of reducing core cracking. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 17(1), 31-36.
[11] Grabarczyk, A. (2018). Analysis and evaluation of mechanical and thermal deformation of molding sands with selected binders. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków. (in Polish).
[12] Zych, J. (2007). Synthesis of ultrasonic technique applications in the analysis of the kinetics of selected processes in molding materials. Kraków: AGH Uczelniane Wydawnictwa Naukowo-Dydaktyczne. Seria: Rozprawy i Monografie nr 163. (in Polish).

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Authors and Affiliations

Natalia Matonis

e-mail:

ORCID:

J. Zych

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Foundry Engineering, ul. Reymonta 23, 30-059 Cracow, Poland

Study on stability of self-compacting concrete applied for filling layer structure from paste, mortar and concrete

He Liu Jingyi Zhang Yanhai Yang

Archives of Civil Engineering | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 3 | 501-522 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2022.141899

Keywords stability self-compacting concrete filling layer plastic viscosity mix proportion

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Abstract

Self compacting concrete (SCC) filling layer is core structure of China rail track system (CRTS) ? type ballastless track. Construction quality, service performance and durability of CRTS ? ballastless structure are affected by stability of SCC for filling layer. In this study, the stability of SCC of filling layer is researched at three levels as paste, mortar and concrete by theory and experiment. Evaluation indices including bleeding (��), surface bubble rate (��), thickness of paste (��paste) and thickness of surface mortar (��) are proposed based on the theoretical calculation and analysis. The threshold viscosity of paste 0.394 Pa·s and mixture satisfied area are obtained at paste level based on the relationship between viscosity and ��, �� of paste. The mixture satisfied area was defined at mortar level under criterions of maximum value of ��paste and slump flow. Optimal range of gap between neighboring aggregates (��ca) 12.4 mm~14.1 mm is chosen by flow ability, passing ability, stable ability of SCC. These research results will help to further understand the stability of SCC.

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Authors and Affiliations

He Liu

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Jingyi Zhang

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Yanhai Yang

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Shenyang Jianzhu University, School of Transportation and Geometics Engineering, No. 25 Hunnan Zhong Road, Hunnan District, 110168 Shenyang, China
Shenyang Urban Construction University, School of Civil Engineering, No.380 Bai Ta Road, Hunnan District, 110167 Shenyang, China

Inventory Classification with Limitations in the Number of Changeovers and Space for Inventory

Yiyo KUO Hao-Chen JIANG

Management and Production Engineering Review | 2023 | vol. 14 | No 4 | DOI: 10.24425/mper.2023.147206

Keywords Inventory classification ABC classification inventory management Fill rate Plastic pallet

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Abstract

This research addresses an inventory classification problem in a company that manufactures plastic pallets. Classification of the inventory is difficult because it is subject to two restrictions: the number of changeovers and the size of inventory storage. A mathematical model is first proposed to maximize the fill rate by classifying all product items into four groups. Due to all items can be classified based on the monthly demand, in descending order. The present study then proposed a procedure to find the classification that is most efficient. According to the experimental results, the maximum fill rate in the current situation is 89.85%. The proposed methodology also tested different production batches and levels of demand. The proposed methodology was found to be appropriate for practical application.

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Authors and Affiliations

Yiyo KUO

Hao-Chen JIANG

Waste plastic oil as an alternative fuel: A review

Amardeep Rakesh Kumar Naveen Kumar

Archives of Thermodynamics | 2024 | vol. 45 | No 1 | 81-97 | DOI: 10.24425/ather.2024.150441

Keywords Waste plastic oil Diesel engine Performance Emissions and combustion

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Abstract

Today, with the high population density of the world, the energy demand is increasing continuously. Global dependency on fossil fuels is very strong and there is a compelling need to reduce our energy consumption in order to offset greenhouse gas emissions. Due to regularly increasing prices of fossil fuels alternative fuels are needed to fulfill the requirements of developing countries like India. Plastics in today's world have become crucial. They are excessively used in industry, as well as in households and other fields due to their lightweight, durability, and design flexibility. Plastic demand is growing day by day, which now poses a huge environmental threat. The current study summarizes the use of WPO (waste plastic oil) in the diesel engine and also concludes the combustion, performance, and emission parameters. After an exhaustive literature search, some interesting results have been found. The study reveals that when using WPO as an alternative source in a diesel engine, the combustion, performance, and emissions are similar to those using conventional diesel fuel. An enhanced BTE (brake thermal efficiency) and reduced emissions of unburned hydrocarbons (UBHC) and carbon monoxide (CO) are reported.

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Authors and Affiliations

Amardeep

1

Rakesh Kumar

2

Naveen Kumar

3

Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, 826004, India; G L Bajaj Institute of Technology and Management, Greater Noida,201306, India
G L Bajaj Institute of Technology and Management, Greater Noida,201306, India
Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India

Pyrolysis-derived waste polypropylene oils in gas turbine engines: a comprehensive performance and emission study

Tomasz Kacper Suchocki Paweł Kazimierski Katarzyna Januszewicz Piotr Lampart Dawid Zaniewski Piotr Klimaszewski Łukasz Witanowski

Archives of Thermodynamics | 2023 | vol. 44 | No 4 | 157-183 | DOI: 10.24425/ather.2023.149711

Keywords Waste plastic pyrolysis oil Gas turbine engine Polypropylene emissions Performance

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Abstract

Addressing the burgeoning issue of polymer waste management and disposal, chemical recycling, specifically the production of highquality oil, presents an enticing solution. This research paper delves into the process of plastic waste pyrolysis, focusing on polypropylene, and thoroughly examines the physico-chemical properties of the resulting pyrolytic oil. The oils, obtained from waste plastic pyrolysis (referred to as WPPO), are then blended with kerosene and utilized as fuel for a gas turbine engine. The primary objective of this investigation is to ascertain how the blend composition influences the performance and emission parameters of the micro gas turbine. In our findings, it was observed that all tested waste plastic pyrolysis blends displayed a trend towards escalating regulated emissions such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) with an average increase of 26% for polypropylene pyrolysis oil (PPO). The emission index (EI) for carbon monoxide (CO) was found to be relatively consistent across all fuel blends tested in this study. Interestingly, when considering the thrust specific fuel consumption (TSFC) within the EI calculation, blends of aviation kerosene and plastic oil showed lower values in comparison to the pure Jet A-1 fuel. Furthermore, an augmentation in the proportion of WPPO in the blends consequently led to an elevation in the exhaust gas temperature (an average increase of 8.7% for PPO). Interestingly, the fuel efficiency of the Jet engine, expressed as TSFC, demonstrated a decrease, with an average reduction of 13.8% observed for PPO.

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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Kacper Suchocki

1

Paweł Kazimierski

1

Katarzyna Januszewicz

2

Piotr Lampart

1

Dawid Zaniewski

1

Piotr Klimaszewski

1

Łukasz Witanowski

1

Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, Fiszera 14, 80-231 Gdańsk, Poland
Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk,Poland

Investigation of deep drawability of 6082 aluminium alloy sheet for automotive applications after various heat treatment conditions

Łukasz Kuczek Marcin Mroczkowski Paweł Turek

Archive of Mechanical Engineering | 2023 | vol. 70 | No 1 | 107-128 | DOI: 10.24425/ame.2023.144816

Keywords 6082 alloy drawability heat treatment mechanical properties plastic anisotropy

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Abstract

The automotive industry requires more and more light materials with good strength and formability at the same time. The answer to this type of demands are, among others, aluminium alloys of the 6xxx series, which are characterized by a high strength-to-weight ratio and good corrosion resistance. Different material state can affect formability of AlMgSi sheets. These study analysed the influence of heat treatment conditions on the drawability of the sheet made of 6082 aluminium alloy. The studies on mechanical properties and plastic anisotropy for three orientations (0, 45, 90°) with respect to the rolling direction were carried out. The highest plasticity was found for the material in the 0 temper condition. The influence of heat treatment conditions on the sheet drawability was analysed using the Erichsen, Engelhardt-Gross, Fukui and AEG cupping tests. It was found that the material state influenced the formability of the sheet. In the case of bulging, the sheet in the annealed state was characterized by greater drawability, and in the deep drawing process, greater formability was found for the naturally aged material.

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Authors and Affiliations

Łukasz Kuczek

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Marcin Mroczkowski

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Paweł Turek

1

AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, Cracow, Poland

Information impact on synaptic arousal and formation of permanent memory trace

Paulina Fałek Artur Fałek Monika Kager Richard Kager Piotr Walkowicz Marcin Kubiak Elżbieta Starosławska Franciszek Burdan

Folia Medica Cracoviensia | 2021 | Vol. 61 | No 3 | 33-42 | DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2021.138949

Keywords memory memory trace consolidation brain plasticity engram emotions

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Abstract

Memory trace is an effect of temporary arousal (perception, experience, action) that causes a specific change in the nervous system. Memory allows to record and recall various information, thus enabling to learn new things. It is an extremely active and dynamic process. The influence of emotions on memory is obvious, largely determined by the close cooperation of the amygdala (responsible for emo-tions) and the hippocampus (memory processes).

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Authors and Affiliations

Paulina Fałek

1

Artur Fałek

1

Monika Kager

2

Richard Kager

3

Piotr Walkowicz

2

Marcin Kubiak

2

Elżbieta Starosławska

2

Franciszek Burdan

2 4

Independent Public Healthcare, Puławy, Poland
St. John’s Cancer Center, Lublin, Poland
Public Independent Clinical Hospital Number 4, Lublin, Poland
Human Anatomy Department, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland

Using the Coastal Clean Index to assess the impact of anthropogenic pressure on sandy beaches in Ustka, Poland

Katarzyna Bigus Anna Jarosiewicz

Studia Quaternaria | 2023 | vol. 40 | No 2 | 67-76 | DOI: 10.24425/sq.No 2.148033

Keywords marine litter plastics sandy beaches Coastal Clean Index Baltic Sea

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Abstract

The article summarizes results of the studies of the Coastal Clean Index (CCI) on selected Polish beaches. In 2022, an attempt was made to estimate the amount of litter on the beach in Ustka. Debris on the beach was collected during a peak season in July and August. An attempt was also made to estimate the daily increase in garbage on the beach. The main part of the research was based on the quality and quantity of litter in beach sediments to the east and west of Ustka. Litter was divided according to a type of material, use, size and origin. The collected material was dominated by a plastic waste. The largest amount of marine litter was collected on the beach, on the eastern side of the Słupia River.

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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Bigus

1

Anna Jarosiewicz

1

Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Institute of Biology and Earth Science, Arciszewskiego 22a, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland

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