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Bashkirian Rugosa (Anthozoa) from the Donets Basin (Ukraine). Part 10. The Family Krynkaphyllidae fam. nov.

Acta Geologica Polonica | vol. 71 | vol. 71 | No 1 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2020.132258

Keywords Rugosa (Anthozoa) taxonomy Relationships Bashkirian Donets Basin

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Abstract

The known occurrence of corals distinguished here in the new Family Krynkaphyllidae varies at the subfamily level. Those of the Subfamily Krynkaphyllinae subfam. nov. are so far almost unknown from outside of the Donets Basin. In contrast, those of the Subfamily Colligophyllinae subfam. nov. are common, possibly ranging from the lower Viséan Dorlodotia Salée, 1920, a potential ancestor of the family, to the Artinskian Lytvophyllum tschernovi Soshkina, 1925. They bear different generic names, but were all originally described as fasciculate colonial. A detailed study of Lytvophyllum dobroljubovae Vassilyuk, 1960, the type species of Colligophyllum gen. nov., challenges that recognition in that at least some of those taxa are solitary and gregarious and/or protocolonial. As such, solitary, protocolonial and, probably, fasciculate colonial habits are accepted in the Colligophyllinae subfam. nov., whereas the Krynkaphyllinae subfam. nov. contains only solitary taxa. The resemblance to the Suborder Lonsdaleiina Spasskiy, 1974 led to the analysis of families included in that suborder by Hill (1981) in the context of their relationship, or homeomorphy, to Krynkaphyllidae fam. nov. This question primarily concerns the Family Petalaxidae Fomichev, 1953; a relationship with the Family Geyerophyllidae Minato, 1955, is more distant, if one exists. The distinct, parallel stratigraphic successions of taxa within two subfamilies of the Krynkaphyllidae fam. nov. document their probably common roots and early divergence. However, a lack of robust data precludes an interpretation or treatment of those successions as phylogenetic. The absence of key stratigraphic and morphologic data meant that eastern Asiatic taxa have not been considered in these successions; however, morphological similarities allow for their tentative inclusion within the Krynkaphyllidae fam. nov. The following new taxa are introduced: Krynkaphyllidae fam. nov., Krynkaphyllinae subfam. nov., Colligophyllinae subfam. nov., Krynkaphyllum gen. nov., Colligophyllum gen. nov., Protokionophyllum feninoense sp. nov., Krynkaphyllum multiplexum sp. nov., Krynkaphyllum validum sp. nov., and three species of Protokionophyllum Vassilyuk in Aizenverg et al., 1983 left in open nomenclature.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jerzy Fedorowski

1

Institute of Geology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Bogumiła Krygowskiego 12, PL-61-680 Poznań, Poland

Influence of conductive particle contaminationon the insulation system of rotating electrical machines with direct oil cooling

Liguo Yang Florian Pauli Shimin Zhang Fabian Hambrecht Kay Hameyer

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 71 | No 3 | 789-804 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.141685

Keywords cooling insulation system particle contamination partial discharge surface resistance

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Abstract

An integration of the electrical machine and the gearbox is attracting particular attention for the design of modern electric and hybrid drive trains, since it saves overall space and subsequently increases the power density. Another benefit of a high level of integration is that it enables a combined application of oils as both cooling fluid for the electrical machine and as lubrication fluid for the transmission system. In this way, the power density of the integrated drive train can be further increased. During the oil cycling, conductive contaminations may be introduced and subsequently have an influence on the function of the insulation system of the electrical machine. In the present work, the influences of the cooling oil and its conductive contaminations, conductive particles as well as their combination with humidity, on the electrical and dielectric properties of the insulation system are studied. The results show that by application of the cooling oil, the partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) of the winding insulation increases significantly so that an electrical breakdown is prone to happen before a partial discharge (PD) occurs. With increasing particle contamination, the PDIV of the insulation system decreases significantly, while the capacitance increases. Besides, conductive particles and humidity decrease the surface resistance and surface breakdown voltage of the insulation papers significantly. The results indicate that the conductive particle contaminations can play an important role for the electrical degradation of the insulation system.

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Authors and Affiliations

Liguo Yang

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Florian Pauli

1

Shimin Zhang

2

Fabian Hambrecht

1

Kay Hameyer

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Institute of Electrical Machines (IEM), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
Lubricant Division, TotalEnergies One Tech Solaize, France

Identification method for power quality disturbances in distribution network based on transfer learning

Peng Heping Mo Wenxiong Wang Yong Luan Le Xu Zhong

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 71 | No 3 | 731-754 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.141682

Keywords disturbance identification distribution network multiple transfer learning power quality

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Abstract

For a higher classification accuracy of disturbance signals of power quality, a disturbance classification method for power quality based on gram angle field and multiple transfer learning is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the one-dimensional disturbance signal of power quality is transformed into a Gramian angular field (GAF) coded image by using the gram angle field, and then three ResNet networks are constructed. The disturbance signals with representative signal-to-noise ratios of 0 dB, 20 dB and 40 dB are selected as the input of the sub-model to train the three sub-models, respectively. During this period, the training weights of the sub-models are transferred in turn by using the method of multiple transfer learning. The pre-training weight of the latter model is inherited from the training weight of the previous model, and the weight processing methods of partial freezing and partial fine-tuning are adopted to ensure the optimal training effect of the model. Finally, the features of the three sub-models are fused to train the classifier with a full connection layer, and a disturbance classification model for power quality is obtained. The simulation results show that the method has higher classification accuracy and better anti-noise performance, and the proposed model has good robustness and generalization.

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Authors and Affiliations

Peng Heping

1

Mo Wenxiong

1

Wang Yong

1

Luan Le

1

Xu Zhong

1

Guangzhou Power Supply Bureau of Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd.Guangdong, Guangzhou 510620, China

The use of PSS2A system stabilisers to damp electromechanical swings in medium voltage networks with distributed energy sources

Stefan Paszek Adrian Nocoń Piotr Pruski

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 71 | No 3 | 717-729 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.141681

Keywords electromechanical swings distributed generation medium-voltage network power system stabilisers power system design

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Abstract

In this paper, the design issue of effective damping of electromechanical swings in a medium voltage network with distributed generation by the use of a PSS2A type power system stabiliser is described. This stabiliser was installed in the generating unit with the highest rated power. Time constants of correction blocks, as well as the main gain, were determined by analyzing a single-machine system, generating unit – infinite bus. The time constants were calculated on the basis of the frequency-phase transfer functions both of the electromagnetic moment to the voltage regulator reference voltage and of the generator voltage to the voltage regulator reference voltage, under the assumption of an infinite and real value of the generating unit inertia time constant for various initial generator loads. The main stabiliser gain was calculated by analyzing the position, on the complex plane, of eigenvalues of the state matrix of the single-machine system, linearised around a steady operating point, at the changed value of this gain.

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Authors and Affiliations

Stefan Paszek

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Adrian Nocoń

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Piotr Pruski

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 10 str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland

Constrained optimization of the brushless DC motor using the salp swarm algorithm

Łukasz Knypiński Ramesh Devarapalli Yvonnick Le Menach

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 71 | No 3 | 775-787 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.141684

Keywords brushless DC motor constrained optimization finite element analysis Salp Swarm Algorithm

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Abstract

This paper presents an algorithm and optimization procedure for the optimization of the outer rotor structure of the brushless DC (BLDC) motor. The optimization software was developed in the Delphi Tiburón development environment. The optimization procedure is based on the salp swarm algorithm. The effectiveness of the developed optimization procedurewas compared with genetic algorithm and particle swarmoptimization algorithm. The mathematical model of the device includes the electromagnetic field equations taking into account the non-linearity of the ferromagnetic material, equations of external supply circuits and equations of mechanical motion. The external penalty function was introduced into the optimization algorithm to take into account the non-linear constraint function.

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Authors and Affiliations

Łukasz Knypiński

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Ramesh Devarapalli

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Yvonnick Le Menach

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Poznan University of Technology, Poland
Department of EEE, Lendi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Vizianagaram, India
Lille University, France

Safety assessment of electromagnetic exposure for adult and child passengers standing on the subway platform

Jin Li Mai Lu

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 71 | No 3 | 755-773 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.141683

Keywords electromagnetic exposure safety assessment SAR subway platform

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Abstract

The objective of this work is to evaluate the safety of adult and child passengers exposed to a radio frequency (RF) source, i.e., a leaky coaxial cable (LCX) on the subway platform. An adult model, a child model, and an LCX model have been numerically designed in COMSOL Multiphysics software. The distributions of the induced electric field (E-field), specific absorption rate (SAR), magnetic field ( H-field) and the head temperature increase in adult and child passenger models were calculated at 900 MHz. The induced fields in the passengers were compared with that without screen doors. The results show that the E-field, SAR and H-field in the whole body of the child are 2.00 × 10 ^-2 V/m, 1.07 × 10 ^-7 W/kg, and 2.94 × 10 ^-4 A/m, respectively. The E-field, SAR and H-field in the central nervous system of the child are 1.00e × 10 ^-2 V/m, 2.44 × 10 ^-8 W/kg, and 2.41 × 10 ^-4 A/m, respectively. The maximum values of the E-field, SAR and H-field in the adult passenger are 1.49–2.34 times higher than those of the child. The E-field, SAR, and H-field in the passenger models without a screen door are larger than those with a screen door. The screen door has a partial shielding effect on the RF electromagnetic field. The values of the maximum temperature that increases in adult and child head tissue are 0.2114 and 0.2111℃ after waiting 6 minutes exposure, respectively. All calculated results are well below the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) limits for general public exposure, indicating that RF electromagnetic exposure caused by the LCX on the subway platform is not a threat to passenger’s health.

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[33] Bhargava D., Leeprechanon N., Rattanadecho P., Specific absorption rate and temperature elevation in the human head due to overexposure to mobile phone radiation with different usage patterns, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 130, no. 3, pp. 1178–1188 (2019), DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.11.031.
[34] Pintos V.P., Ovide B.A., Munoz C., EMC measurements in Buenos Aires metro system, IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Turkey, vol. 2003, no. 1, pp. 40–43 (2003), DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC2.2003.1428187.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jin Li

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mai Lu

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Gansu Province, China

An approach to power system harmonic analysis based on triple-line interpolation discrete Fourier transform

Ling Liu Jinsong Zhang

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 71 | No 3 | 549-558 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.141670

Keywords electrical harmonic estimation interpolation DFT triple-line interpolation

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Abstract

The discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is a principal method for power system harmonic analysis. The fundamental frequency of the power system increases or decreases following load changes during normal operation. It is difficult to achieve synchronous sampling and integer period truncation in power harmonic analysis. The resulting spectrum leakage affects the accuracy of the measurement results. For this reason, a windowed interpolation DFT method for power system harmonic analysis to reduce errors was presented in this paper. First, the frequency domain expression of the windowed signal Fourier transform is analyzed. Then, the magnitude of the three discrete spectrum lines near the harmonic frequency point is used to determine the accurate position of the harmonic spectrum. Then, the calculation of the amplitude, frequency, and phase of harmonics is presented. The tripleline interpolation DFT can improve the accuracy of electrical harmonic analysis. Based on the algorithm, the practical rectification formulas were obtained by using the polynomial approximation method. The simulation results show that the fast attenuation of window function sidelobe is the key to reduce the error. The triple-line interpolation DFT based on Hanning, Blackman, Nuttall 3-Term windows has higher calculation accuracy, which can meet the requirements of electrical harmonic analysis.

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Bibliography

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[15] Jiao L., Du Y., An Approach for Electrical Harmonic Analysis Based on Interpolation DFT, Archives of Electrical Engineering, vol. 71, no. 2, pp. 445–454 (2022), DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.140721.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ling Liu

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Jinsong Zhang

1

Shandong Polytechnic, China

Electromechanical transient modeling of energy storage based on virtual synchronous machine technology

Juntao Cui Zhao Li Ping He Zhijie Gong Jie Dong

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 71 | No 3 | 581-599 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.141672

Keywords battery energy storage system electromechanical transient model virtual synchronous machine

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Abstract

This paper proposes an electromechanical transient method to build a battery energy storage system-based virtual synchronous generator model, suitable for a large-scale grid. This model consists of virtual synchronous generator control, system limitation and the model interface. The equations of a second-order synchronous machine, the characteristics of charging/discharging power, state of charge, operating efficiency, dead band and inverter limits are also considered. By equipping the energy storage converter into an approximate synchronous voltage source with an excitation system and speed regulation system, the necessary inertia and damping characteristics are provided for the renewable energy power system with low inertia and weak damping. Based on the node current injection method by the power system analysis software package (PSASP), the control model is built to study the influence of different energy storage systems. A study on the impact of renewable energy unit fluctuation on frequency and the active power of the IEEE 4-machine 2-area system is selected for simulation verification. Through reasonable control and flexible allocation of energy storage plants, a stable and friendly frequency environment can be created for power systems with high-penetration renewable energy.

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Authors and Affiliations

Juntao Cui

1

Zhao Li

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Ping He

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Zhijie Gong

2

Jie Dong

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Lanzhou Resources and Environment Voc-Tech University, China
Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, China

Current limiting algorithm for three-phase grid-connected inverters

Tho Quang Tran

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 71 | No 3 | 559-579 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.141671

Keywords current limitation negative sequences reactive power compensation three-phase grid-connected inverters unbalanced voltages

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Abstract

Grid-connected inverters are commonly used in systems of renewable energy to convert this energy source into AC power with parameters suitable for connection to the grid. In the normal operating conditions, the grid-connected inverters mainly generate active power to the grid. However, when a voltage sag or voltage imbalance occurs, the grid voltage imbalance in the conventional control methods causes negative sequence components and increases the output current magnitude of inverters. The increase of current can damage power semiconductor devices. This paper presents a strategy to limit the current magnitude of inverters under unbalanced grid voltage conditions. In this strategy, a multiple-complex-coefficient filter is used to eliminate the negative sequence voltage components. This method does not require any additional hardware. A three-phase gridconnected photovoltaic inverter system using a solar array of 20 kWp is also used for the survey. The effectiveness has been validated when comparing the simulation results on Matlab/Simulink of the proposed method with those of the conventional method.

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Authors and Affiliations

Tho Quang Tran

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Hochiminh City University of Technology and Education, Vietnam

New approaches for the identification of influential and critical nodes in an electric grid

Isaiah Adebayo Yanxia Sun

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 71 | No 3 | 671-686 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.141678

Keywords centrality measures critical nodes influential nodes power flow power system

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Abstract

The aftermath of including new technologies in a modern electric system in conjunction with the incessant rise in power demand could pose a risk to the optimal operation of the system. Therefore, it becomes imperative to identify the most influential and critical nodes of such a system to avert future problems in network operation. In this paper, to identify most significant nodes of the system, the authors propose two measures of centrality in accordance with the network structural properties of a power system, namely, degree centrality (DC) and eigenvector centrality (EC). These are expressed considering the admittance matrix that exists among the interconnection of load to load nodes in an electrical power network. A critical node closeness centrality (CNCC) method is also proposed to identify critical nodes of the system. This is done by modifying the conventional closeness centrality (CC) to include the influence of interconnection that exists between network load to load nodes as captured by the admittance matrix between them. A comparative analysis of the proposed techniques with other conventional methods is also carried out. The result of the simulation shows that the proposed methods could serve as alternative tools in the identification of influential and weak nodes in a power system.

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Authors and Affiliations

Isaiah Adebayo

1

Yanxia Sun

2

Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, PMB 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
University of Johannesburg, P.O. BOX 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa

Fractal dimensions analysis of branching streamers propagating in mineral oil

Viet-Hung Dang Abderrahmane Beroual Pawel Rozga

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 71 | No 3 | 659-669 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.141677

Keywords fractal analysis lightning impulse voltage mineral oil streamers

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Abstract

This article deals with the analysis of the fractal dimension of streamers propagating in mineral oil, under lightning impulse voltage, using the box counting method; the method and technique of calculation are described therein. In the considered experimental conditions, the average velocities of recorded streamers are of 2.4 km/s and 1.8 km/s for positive and negative streamers, respectively; these velocities correspond to the 2nd mode of streamers propagation. It is shown that the streamers present the fractal dimension D ; and the higher D is the bushier are the streamers (i.e. with high branch density). The positive streamers can have higher D than the negative ones, if they are bushier.

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Bibliography

[1] Abu Shehab W.F., Ali S.A., Alsharari M.I., Lightning protection for power transformers of Aqaba Thermal Power Station, Archives of Electrical Engineering, vol. 69, no. 3, pp. 645–660 (2020), DOI: 10.24425/aee.2020.133923.
[2] Devins J.C., Rzad S.J., Schwabe R.J., Breakdown and pre-breakdown phenomena in liquids, Journal of Applied Physiscs, vol. 52, pp. 4531–4545 (1981), DOI: 10.1063/1.329327.
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[13] Ficker T., Electrostatic discharges and multi-fractal analysis of their Lichtenberg figures, Journal of Physiscs D: Applied Physics, vol. 32, pp. 219–226 (1999).
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[15] Niemeyer L., Pietronero L., Wiesmann H.J., Fractal dimension of dielectric breakdown, Physical Review Letters, vol. 33, pp. 1033–1036 (1984), DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.52.1033.
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[21] Beroual A., Dang V-H., Fractal analysis of lightning impulse surface discharges propagating over pressboard immersed in mineral and vegetable oils, IEEE Transacions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, vol. 20, pp. 1402–1408 (2013), DOI: 10.1109/TDEI.2013.6571462.
[22] Beroual A., Coulibaly M.-L., Relationship between the Fractal Dimension of Creeping Discharges Propagating at Solid/Gas Interfaces and the Characteristics Parameters of Interfaces, Interanational Review on Electrical Engineering, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 460–465 (2014).
[23] Rozga P., Influenece of paper insulation on the prebrakdown phenomena in mineral oil under lightning impulse, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 720–727 (2011), DOI: 10.1109/TDEI.2011.5931058.
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[25] Rozga P., Rapp K.J., Stanek M., Lightning Properties of Selected Insulating Synthetic Esters and Mineral Oil in Point-to-Sphere Electrode System, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, vol. 25, pp. 1699–1705 (2018), DOI: 10.1109/TDEI.2018.007069.
[26] Lundgaard L.E., Linhjell D., Berg G., Streamer/leaders from a metallic particle between parallel plane electrodes in transformer oil, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, vol. 8, pp. 1054–1063 (2001), DOI: 10.1109/94.971465.

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Authors and Affiliations

Viet-Hung Dang

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Abderrahmane Beroual

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Pawel Rozga

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Electric Power University, Vietnam
University of Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, France
Lodz University of Technology, Poland

Durability forecast of long rod composite insulators operating under variable mechanical loading conditions

Jerzy Bielecki Jacek Wańkowicz

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 71 | No 3 | 701-715 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.141680

Keywords composite insulator cyclic loads fatigue strength insulator testing life estimation mechanical strength

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Abstract

Suspension line insulators are during their operation subject to static forces and variable loads, usually of a cyclic character. These variable loads have a significant impact on the mechanical durability of composite insulators. A method of providing durability forecast for composite line insulators based on fatigue characteristics has been proposed. The method allows providing durability forecast of insulators in a wide range of variable loadings, i.e. from quasi-static to high amplitude loadings.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jerzy Bielecki

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Jacek Wańkowicz

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Institute of Power Engineering – Research Institute, 8 Mory Str., 01-330 Warsaw, Poland

Modelling of synchronous generators for the analysis of frequency transients above 1 Hz/s

Alf Assenkamp

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 71 | No 3 | 687-700 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.141679

Keywords control system distributed energy systems frequency support generator model RoCoF synchronous generators synchronous machines

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Abstract

Large synchronous generators are of high importance for the stability of power systems. They generate the frequency of the system and stabilize it in case of severe grid faults like trips of large in-feeders or loads. In distributed energy systems, in-feed via inverters will replace this generation in large parts. Modern inverters are capable of supporting grid frequency during severe faults by different means on the one hand. On the other hand, higher Rates of Change of Frequency (RoCoF) after incidents need to be accustomed by future systems. To be able to analyse the RoCoF withstand capability of synchronous or induction generators, suitable models need to be developed. Especially the control and excitation system model need enhancements compared to models proposed in standards like IEEE Std 421.5. This paper elaborates on the necessary modelling depth and validates the approach with example results.

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Authors and Affiliations

Alf Assenkamp

1

Bureau Veritas CPS Germany GmbH, Germany

Modelling and simulation of sinusoidal pulse width modulation controller for solar photovoltaic inverter to minimize the switching losses and improving the system efficiency

Sivaraj Panneerselvam Karunanithi Kandasamy Chandrasekar Perumal

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 71 | No 3 | 615-626 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.141674

Keywords efficiency IGBT MOSFET PV inverter MATLAB/Simulink SPWM controller switching loss

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Abstract

With the extinction of fossil fuels and high increase in power demand, the necessity for renewable energy power generation has increased globally. Solar PV is one such renewable energy power generation, widely used these days in the power sector. The inverters used for power conversion suffer from power losses in the switching elements. This paper aims at the detailed analysis on switching losses in these inverters and also aims at increasing the efficiency of the inverter by reducing losses. Losses in these power electronic switches vary with their types. In this analysis the most widely used semiconductor switches like the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) and metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) are compared. Also using the sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) technique, improves the system efficiency considerably. Two SPWM-based singlephase inverters with the IGBT and MOSFET are designed and simulated in a MATLAB Simulink environment. The voltage drop and, thereby, the power loss across the switches are compared and analysed. The proposed technique shows that the SPWM inverter with the IGBT has lower power loss than the SPWM inverter with the MOSFET.

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Authors and Affiliations

Sivaraj Panneerselvam

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Karunanithi Kandasamy

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Chandrasekar Perumal

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Proposal of a regional grid cluster model for analysis of electrical power network performance

Yang Li Przemysław Janik Harald Schwarz Klaus Pfeiffer

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 71 | No 3 | 601-613 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.141673

Keywords decentralized generation grid cluster power balance regional power grid

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Abstract

This paper provides a method for simplified description of a regional power grid model aimed to deliver a grid reduction, and improve grid performance observability. The derived power grid model can be used to analyze the regional allocation of the decentralized energy generation and consumption. The expansion of wind and solar generation in the power system affects the residual load. The power balance between electricity consumption and generation was calculated and analyzed based on the temporal and spatial scales. The proposed grid clustering method is a useful approach for performance analysis in systems with a growing share of renewable generation.

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Authors and Affiliations

Yang Li

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Przemysław Janik

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Harald Schwarz

1

Klaus Pfeiffer

1

Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Department of Energy Distribution and High Voltage Engineering, 03046 Cottbus, Germany
Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering Fundamentals, 50-377 Wrocław, Poland

Improved Differential Evolution Algorithm to solve multi-objective of optimal power flow problem

Murtadha Al-Kaabi Jaleel Al Hasheme Layth Al-Bahrani

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 71 | No 3 | 641-657 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.141676

Keywords Multi-objective Improved Differential Evolution Algorithm (MOIDEA) optimal power flow (OPF) set of Pareto front solutions multi-objective function problems fuelcosts considering emissions fuel costs considering real power losses fuel costs considering voltage deviation

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Abstract

This article presents a new efficient optimization technique namely the Multi- Objective Improved Differential Evolution Algorithm (MOIDEA) to solve the multiobjective optimal power flow problem in power systems. The main features of the Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm are simple, easy, and efficient, but sometimes, it is prone to stagnation in the local optima. This paper has proposed many improvements, in the exploration and exploitation processes, to enhance the performance of DE for solving optimal power flow (OPF) problems. The main contributions of the DE algorithm are i) the crossover rate will be changing randomly and continuously for each iteration, ii) all probabilities that have been ignored in the crossover process have been taken, and iii) in selection operation, the mathematical calculations of the mutation process have been taken. Four conflicting objective functions simultaneously have been applied to select the Pareto optimal front for the multi-objective OPF. Fuzzy set theory has been used to extract the best compromise solution. These objective functions that have been considered for setting control variables of the power system are total fuel cost (TFC), total emission (TE), real power losses (RPL), and voltage profile (VP) improvement. The IEEE 30-bus standard system has been used to validate the effectiveness and superiority of the approach proposed based on MATLAB software. Finally, to demonstrate the effectiveness and capability of the MOIDEA, the results obtained by this method will be compared with other recent methods.

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Authors and Affiliations

Murtadha Al-Kaabi

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Jaleel Al Hasheme

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Layth Al-Bahrani

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Ministry of Education Baghdad, Iraq
University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
Al-Mustansiriyah University Baghdad, Iraq

Novel optimization method for mobile magnetostatic shield and test applications

Patrick Alexander Ralf Christian Kreischer

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 71 | No 3 | 627-639 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.141675

Keywords differential evolution evolutionary algorithm magnetostatic passive shielding mobile application optimization spherical shells

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Abstract

This article provides an optimized solution to the problem of passive shielding against static magnetic fields with any number of spherical shells. It is known, that the shielding factor of a layered structure increases in contrast to a single shell with the same overall thickness. For the reduction of weight and cost by given material parameters and available space the best system for the layer positions has to be found. Because classic magnetically shielded rooms are very heavy, this system will be used to develop a transportable Zero-Gauss-Chamber. To handle this problem, a new way was developed, in which for the first time the solution with regard to shielding and weight was optimized. Therefore, a solution for the most general case of spherical shells was chosen with an adapted boundary condition. This solution was expanded to an arbitrary number of layers and permeabilities. With this analytic solution a differential evolution algorithm is able to find the best partition of the shells. These optimized solutions are verified by numerical solutions made by the Finite Element Method (FEM). After that the solutions of different raw data are determined and investigated.

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[15] Reutov Y.Y., Choice of the number of shells for a spherical magnetostatic shield, Russian Journal of Non-destructive Testing, 37.12, pp. 872–878 (2001).

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Authors and Affiliations

Patrick Alexander Ralf

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Christian Kreischer

1

Helmut Schmidt University, University of the Federal Armed Forced Hamburg, Germany

Research on the output characteristics of photovoltaic arrays under partial shading conditions based on peak point approximate calculation method

Liming Wei KaiKai Li

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 71 | No 2 | 409-424 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.140719

Keywords I-V characteristic equation peak point approximate calculation method peak voltage point shadow occlusion’s rate type of illumination distribution

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Abstract

The mismatch effect of photovoltaic (PV) arrays due to different illumination intensity has a significant impact on the output characteristics and output power of PV arrays, which is crucial to understand the output characteristics of PV arrays and optimize the array configuration in order to improve the value of the maximum power point. This paper illustrates the short-circuit current mismatch of series circuits, and the open-circuit voltage mismatch of parallel circuits and proposes corresponding solutions for each mismatch phenomenon. The output characteristics of multi-stage series PV arrays and multi-stage parallel PV arrays under complex illumination are analyzed by using the peak point approximation calculation method, and the distribution law of peak voltage points as well as the I-V (Current-Voltage) characteristic equation of each operating section are proposed. On this basis, the output characteristics of 3 x 3 centralized PV arrays are analyzed and verified by simulation. By comparing series and parallel PV arrays with the same condition, as well as several groups of centralized PV arrays with the same topology and different types of illumination distribution, this paper proposes a configuration optimization method for PV arrays. Matlab/Simulink simulation results confirm that the output power of parallel arrays is greater than that of series arrays under the same configuration and illuminationt distribution type, and the peak point is less than that of series arrays under the same configuration and lighting conditions; while in centralized PV arrays, the fewer series modules are shaded, the greater the output power and the less the peak point.

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Authors and Affiliations

Liming Wei

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

KaiKai Li

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, Jilin, China

A novel approach for power system stabilizer control parameter selection: a case-study on two-area four-machine system

Murali Krishna Gude Umme Salma Salma

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 71 | No 2 | 397-407 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.140718

Keywords grey wolf optimizer power system stabilizer optimization stability

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Abstract

This paper proposes a power system stabilizer (PSS) with optimal controller parameters for damping low-frequency power oscillations in the power system. A novel meta-heuristic, weighted grey wolf optimizer (WGWO) has been proposed, it is a variant of the grey wolf optimizer (GWO). The proposed WGWO algorithm has been executed in the selection of controller parameters of a PSS in a multi-area power system. A two-area fourmachine test system has been considered for the performance evaluation of an optimally tuned PSS. A multi-objective function based on system eigenvalues has been minimized for obtained optimal controller parameters. The damping characteristics and eigenvalue location in the proposed approach have been compared with the other state-of-the-art methods, which illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

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Authors and Affiliations

Murali Krishna Gude

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Umme Salma Salma

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM), Visakhapatnam, India

An approach for electrical harmonic analysis based on interpolation DFT

Lina Jiao Yang Du

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 71 | No 2 | 445-454 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.140721

Keywords electrical harmonic analysis DFT interpolation

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Abstract

The discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is the main method of electrical harmonic analysis since it’s easily realized in an embedded system. But there were some difficulties in performing synchronized sampling. The spectral leakage caused by asynchronous sampling affects the accuracy of harmonics analysis. Using window functions and interpolation algorithms can improve the accuracy of harmonics analysis. An approach for electrical harmonic analysis based on the interpolation DFT was proposed. A window function reduces DFT leakage and the interpolation algorithm modifies the calculation results of frequency, amplitude and the initial phase angle. The simulation results indicate that, by using the interpolation DFT electrical harmonic analysis method based on the Hanning window or the Blackman window, the error of calculating amplitudes and frequencies is not greater than 0.5%.

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Lina Jiao

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Yang Du

1

Shandong Polytechnic, China

An overview on reliability assessment in power systems using CI approaches

Elijah Adebayo Olajuyin Paul Kehinde Olulope Emmanuel Taiwo Fasina

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 71 | No 2 | 425-443 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.140720

Keywords computational intelligence power system

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Abstract

A Computational Intelligence (CI) approach is one of the main trending and potent data dealing out and processing instruments to unravel and resolve difficult and hard reliability crisis and it takes an important position in intelligent reliability analysis and management of data. Nevertheless, just few little broad reviews have recapitulated the current attempts of Computational Intelligence (CI) in reliability assessment in power systems. There are many methods in reliability assessment with the aim to prolong the life cycles of a system, to maximize profit and predict the life cycle of assets or systems within an organization especially in electric power distribution systems. Sustaining an uninterrupted electrical energy supply is a pointer of affluence and nationwide growth. The general background of reliability assessment in power system distribution using computational intelligence, some computational intelligence techniques, reliability engineering, literature reviews, theoretical or conceptual frameworks, methods of reliability assessment and conclusions was discussed. The anticipated and proposed technique has the aptitude to significantly reduce the needed period for reliability investigation in distribution networks because the distribution network needs an algorithm that can evaluate, assess, measure and update the reliability indices and system performance within a short time. It can also manage outages data on assets and on the entire system for quick and rapid decisions making as well as can prevent catastrophic failures. Those listed above would be taken care of if the proposed method is utilized. This overview or review may be deemed as valuable assistance for anybody doing research.

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Authors and Affiliations

Elijah Adebayo Olajuyin

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Paul Kehinde Olulope

2

Emmanuel Taiwo Fasina

2

Bamidele Olumilua University of Education, Science and Technology, Ikere Ekiti, Nigeria
Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria

Predictive current control for permanent magnet synchronous motor based on internal model control observer

Min'an Tang Chenyu Wang Yinhang Luo

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 71 | No 2 | 343-362 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.140715

Keywords internal model control observer MPC PMSM predictive current control

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Abstract

The model predictive current control (MPCC) of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is highly dependent on motor parameters, and a parameter mismatch will cause the system performance degradation. Therefore, a strategy based on an internal model control (IMC) observer is proposed to correct the mismatch parameters. Firstly, based on the MPCC strategy of the PMSM, according to the dynamic model of the PMSM in a rotating orthogonal coordinate system, d-axis and q-axis current IMC observers are designed, and the stability derivation is carried out. It is proved that the observer can estimate d-axis and q-axis disturbance components caused by a parameter mismatch without static error. Then, the estimated disturbance component is compensated for by the reference voltage prediction expression. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified in two different conditions. The experimental results show that the proposed control strategy can effectively compensate for the parameter mismatch disturbance in MPCC for PMSM, improve the dynamic and static performance of the system, and improve the robustness of the system.

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Authors and Affiliations

Min'an Tang

1

Chenyu Wang

1

Yinhang Luo

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, China No. 88, Anning West Road, Anning District, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China

Dynamic rating method of traction network based on wind speed prediction

Zhaoxu Su Mingxing Tian Lijun Sun Ruopeng Zhang

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 71 | No 2 | 379-395 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.140717

Keywords dynamic thermal rating IEEE-738 short-term emergency dispatch time series model traction power supply wind speed prediction

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Abstract

The operating temperature of the transmission line in the traction network is affected by geographical and climatic factors, especially the wind speed. To make better use of the thermal stability transmission capacity of the traction power supply system in improving the short-term emergency transmission capacity, the dynamic rating technology is introduced into the traction power supply system. According to the time-varying characteristics of the actual wind speed, a dynamic rating method of the traction network based on wind speed prediction is proposed and constructed. Based on the time series model in predicting the wind speed series along the corridor of the traction network, the temperature curve of each transmission line under different currents is calculated by combining it with the heat balance equation of an IEEE-738 capacity expansion model, thus the relationship between the peak operating temperature and current of each transmission line in the prediction period is obtained. According to the current distribution coefficient, the capacity increase limit of the traction network is determined. The example shows that the proposed dynamic rating method based on wind speed prediction is an effective method to predict the short-term safe capacity increase limit of the traction network, which can increase the comprehensive capacity of the traction network by about 45% in the next six hours, and the capacity increase effect is obvious, which can provide reference and technical support for short-term emergency dispatching of traction power supply dispatching centres.

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Authors and Affiliations

Zhaoxu Su

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mingxing Tian

1

Lijun Sun

1

Ruopeng Zhang

1

School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, China

Model predictive control of NPC three-level grid-tied converter based on reconstructed current

Yanyan Li Han Xiao Nan Jin Guanglu Yang

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 71 | No 2 | 363-377 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.140716

Keywords current reconstruction current sensor fault fault-tolerant model predictive control neutral point clamped three-level converter

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Abstract

The neutral point clamped (NPC) three-level grid-tied converter is the key equipment connecting renewable energy and power grids. The current sensor fault caused by harsh environment may lead to the split of renewable energy. The existing sensor fault-tolerant methods will reduce the modulation ratio index of the converter system. To ensure continuous operation of the converter system and improve the modulation index, a model predictive control method based on reconstructed current is proposed in this paper. According to the relationship between fault phase current and a voltage vector, the original voltage vector is combined and classified. To maintain the stable operation of the converter and improve the utilization rate of DC voltage, two kinds of fault phase current are reconstructed with DC current, normal phase current and predicted current, respectively. Based on reconstructed three-phase current, a current predictive control model is designed, and a model predictive control method is proposed. The proposed method selects the optimal voltage vector with the cost function and reduces time delay with the current reconstruction sector. The simulation and experimental results showthat the proposed strategy can keep the NPC converter running stably with one AC sensor, and the modulation index is increased from 57.7% to 100%.

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Authors and Affiliations

Yanyan Li

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Han Xiao

1

Nan Jin

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Guanglu Yang

1 2

College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, China
Nanyang Cigarette Factory, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., China

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