Nauki Techniczne

Archive of Mechanical Engineering

Zawartość

Archive of Mechanical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 69 | No 3

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Abstrakt

Human motion is required in many simulation models. However, generating such a motion is quite complex and in industrial simulation cases represents an overhead that often cannot be accepted. There are several common file formats that are used nowadays for saving motion data that can be used in gaming engines or 3D editing software. Using such motion sets still requires considerable effort in creating logic for motion playing, blending, and associated object manipulation in the scene. Additionally, every action needs to be described with the motion designed for the target scene environment. This is where the Motion Model Units (MMU) concept was created. Motion Model Units represent a new way of transferring human motion data together with logic and scene manipulation capabilities between motion vendors and simulation platforms. The MMU is a compact software bundle packed in a standardized way, provides machine-readable capabilities and interface description that makes it interchangeable, and is adaptable to the scene. Moreover, it is designed to represent common actions in a task-oriented way, which allows simplifying the scenario creation to a definition of tasks and their timing. The underlying Motion Model Interface (MMI) has become an open standard and is currently usable in MOSIM framework, which provides the implementation of the standard for the Unity gaming engine and works on implementation for the Unreal Engine are under way. This paper presents two implementation examples for the MMU using direct C# programming, and using C# for Unity and MOSIM MMU generator as a helping tool. The key points required to build a working MMU are presented accompanied by an open-source code that is available for download and experimenting.
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Bibliografia

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Adam Kłodowski
1
Ilya Kurinov
1
Grzegorz Orzechowski
1
Aki Mikkola
1

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, LUT University, Lappeenranta, Finland
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Abstrakt

Autonomous manipulation of group objects requires the gripper/robot hand to achieve high productivity without poor outcomes such as object slippage and damage. This article develops the robot hand capable of achieving effective performance in each trial of grasping the group objects. Our proposed robot hand consists of two symmetrical groups of hybrid fingers having soft pads on the grasping interfaces, which operate as a comb. The grasping ability of this robot hand was theoretically and experimentally validated by handling three groups of objects showcases: tea packs, toothbrushes, and mixing sticks.Additionally, validation resultswere compared with those of another soft robot hand having soft Pneunet fingers. In each trial, the experimental results showed that the proposed robot hand with hybrid fingers achieved more stable grasping states characterized by a higher number of grasped objects than those in the case of the soft robot hand. Also, experimental results were in good agreement with the predictions of the proposed theoretical analysis. Finally, better performances of the hybrid robot hand in handling the group object provide the bases for developing a novel-robotic application in industrial production.
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Bibliografia

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Pho Van Nguyen
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Phi N. Nguyen
2
Tan Nguyen
2
Thanh Lanh Le
2

  1. Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa, Japan
  2. Department of Technology, Dong Nai Technology University, Bien Hoa 810000, Vietnam
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Abstrakt

A method of solving the inverse kinematics problem for a humanoid robot modeled as a tree-shaped manipulator is presented. Robot trajectory consists of a set of trajectories of the characteristic points (the robot’s center of mass, origins of feet and hands frames) in the discrete time domain. The description of motion in the frame associated with the supporting foot allows one to represent the robot as a composite of several serial open-loop redundant manipulators. Stability during the motion is provided by the trajectory of the robot’s center of mass which ensures that the zero moment point criterion is fulfilled. Inverse kinematics solution is performed offline using the redundancy resolution at the velocity level. The proposed method utilizes robot’s redundancy to fulfill joint position limits and to reduce gravity-related joint torques. The method have been tested in simulations and experiments on a humanoid robot Melson, and results are presented.
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Bibliografia

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Kacper Mikołajczyk
1
Maksymilian Szumowski
1
Łukasz Woliński
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Faculty of Power and Aeronautical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
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Abstrakt

The article describes optimization of the process of acceleration of the tower crane trolley movement mechanism during the steady mode of the slewing mechanism. A mathematical model of the boom system of the tower crane was used for the optimization of the trolley movement. The model was reduced to a sixth-order linear differential equation with constant coefficients, which represents the relationships between the drive torque and the coordinate of the load and its time derivatives. Non-dimensional complex criterion (objective function), which takes into account the drive torque and its rate of change in time during the transient process, was developed to optimize the mode of the trolley movement mechanism. Based on that, a variational problem was formulated and solved in an analytical form in which root-mean-square (RMS) values of the quantiles were applied. A complex optimal mode of acceleration of the trolley movement mechanism was obtained and compared with the modes optimized based on different criteria. Advantages and disadvantages of the solutions were discussed based on the analysis of the obtained optimal modes of motion. The analysis revealed low- and high-frequency elements oscillations of the trolley movement mechanism during the transient processes. The conditions for their elimination were formulated.
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Bibliografia

[1] Y. Qian and Y. Fang. Switching logic-based nonlinear feedback control of offshore ship-mounted tower cranes: a disturbance observer-based approach. IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering, 16(3):1125–1136, 2018. doi: 10.1109/TASE.2018.2872621.
[2] M. Zhang, Y. Zhang, B. Ji, C. Ma, and X. Cheng. Modeling and energy-based sway reduction control for tower crane systems with double-pendulum and spherical-pendulum effects. Measurement and Control, 53(1-2):141–150, 2020. doi: 10.1177/0020294019877492.
[3] M. Zhang, Y. Zhang, H. Ouyang, C. Ma, and X. Cheng. Adaptive integral sliding mode control with payload sway reduction for 4-DOF tower crane systems. Nonlinear Dynamics, 99(7):2727–2741, 2020. doi: 10.1007/s11071-020-05471-3.
[4] T. Yang, N. Sun, H. Chen, and Y. Fang. Observer-based nonlinear control for tower cranes suffering from uncertain friction and actuator constraints with experimental verification. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 68(7):6192–6204, 2021. doi: 10.1109/TIE.2020.2992972.
[5] J. Peng, J. Huang, and W. Singhose. Payload twisting dynamics and oscillation suppression of tower cranes during slewing motions. Nonlinear Dynamics, 98:1041–1048, 2019. doi: 10.1007/s11071-019-05247-4.
[6] S. Fasih, Z. Mohamed, A. Husain, L. Ramli, A. Abdullahi, and W. Anjum. Payload swing control of a tower crane using a neural network-based input shaper. Measurement and Control, 53(7-8):1171– 1182, 2020. doi: 10.1177/0020294020920895.
[7] D. Kruk and M. Sulowicz. AHRS based anti-sway tower crane controller. 2019 20th International Conference on Research and Education in Mechatronics (REM), 2019. doi: 10.1109/rem.2019.8744117.
[8] R.E. Samin and Z. Mohamed. Comparative assessment of anti-sway control strategy for tower crane system. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1883:020035, 2017. doi: 10.1063/1.5002053.
[9] S.-J. Kimmerle, M. Gerdts, and R. Herzog. Optimal control of an elastic crane-trolley-load system – a case study for optimal control of coupled ODE-PDE systems – (extended version with two appendices). Mathematical and Computer Modelling of Dynamical Systems, 24(2):182–206, 2018. doi: 10.1080/13873954.2017.1405046.
[10] V. Loveikin, Y. Romasevych, I. Kadykalo, and A. Liashko. Optimization of the swinging mode of the boom crane upon a complex integral criterion. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 49(3):285–296, 2019. doi: 10.7546/JTAM.49.19.03.07.
[11] Z. Liu, T. Yang, N. Sun, and Y. Fang. An antiswing trajectory planning method with state constraints for 4-DOF tower cranes: design and experiments. IEEE Access, 7:62142–62151, 2019. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2915999.
[12] M. Böck and A. Kugi. Real-time nonlinear model predictive path-following control of a laboratory tower crane. IEEE Transactions on Control System Technology, 22(4):1461–1473, 2014. doi: 10.1109/TCST.2013.2280464.
[13] Š. Ileš, J. Matuško, and F. Kolonić. Sequential distributed predictive control of a 3D tower crane. Control Engineering Practice. 79:22–35, 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.conengprac.2018.07.001.
[14] K.W. Cassel. Variational Methods with Applications in Science and Engineering. Cambridge University Press, 2013. doi: 10.1017/CBO9781139136860.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Viatcheslav Loveikin
1
Yuriy Romasevych
1
ORCID: ORCID
Andriy Loveikin
2
Mykola Korobko
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
  2. Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine
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Abstrakt

In this project, two types of treated and untreated alumina nanoparticles with different weight percentages (wt%) of 0.5, 1 and 3% were mixed with polycarbonate matrix; then, the impact ballistic properties of the nano-composite targets made from them were investigated. Three types of projectile noses -cylindrical, hemispherical, and conical, each with the same mass of 5.88\;gr -- were used in the ballistic tests. The results highlighted that ballistic limit velocities were improved by increasing the percentage of alumina nanoparticles and the treatment process; changing the projectile's nose geometry from conical to blunt nose increases the ballistic limit velocity, and ultimately, by increasing the initial velocity of conical and hemispherical nosed projectiles, the failure mechanism of the targets changed from dishing to petalling; whereas for the cylindrical projectile, the failure mode was always plugging.
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Bibliografia

[1] S. Fu, Y. Wang, and Y. Wang. Tension testing of polycarbonate at high strain rates. Polymer Testing, 28(7):724–729, 2009. doi: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2009.06.002.
[2] Q.H. Shah and Y.A. Abkar. Effect of distance from the support on the penetration mechanism of clamped circular polycarbonate armor plates. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 35(11):1244–125, 2008. doi: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2007.07.012.
[3] Q.H. Shah. Impact resistance of a rectangular polycarbonate armor plate subjected to single and multiple impacts. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 36(9):1128–113, 2009. doi: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2008.12.005.
[4] M.R. Edwards and H. Waterfall. Mechanical and ballistic properties of polycarbonate apposite to riot shield applications. Plastic Rubber Composites, 37(1):1–6, 2008. doi: 10.1179/174328908X283177.
[5] I. Livingstone, M. Richards, and R. Clegg. Numerical and experimental investigation of ballistic performance of transparent armour systems. Lightweight Armour Systems Symposium Conference, UK, 10-12 November, 1999.
[6] S.C. Wright, N.A. Fleck, and W.J. Stronge. Ballistic impact of polycarbonate–An experimental investigation. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 13(1):1–20, 1993. doi: 10.1016/0734-743X(93) 90105-G.
[7] M. Rahman, M. Hosur, S. Zainuddin, U. Vaidya, A. Tauhid, A. Kumar, J. Trovillion, and S. Jeelani. Effects of amino-functionalized MWCNTs on ballistic impact performance of E-glass/epoxy composites using a spherical projectile. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 57:108–118, 2013. doi: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2013.01.011.
[8] S.G. Kulkarni, X.L. Gao, S.E. Horner, J.Q. Zheng, and N.V. David. Ballistic helmets – Their design, materials, and performance against traumatic brain injury. Composite Structures, 101:313–331, 2013. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2013.02.014.
[9] W. Al-Lafi, J. Jin, and M. Song. Mechanical response of polycarbonate nanocomposites to high velocity impact. European Polymer Journal, 85:354–262, 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj. 2016.10.048.
[10] A. Kurzawa, D. Pyka, and K. Jamroziak. Analysis of ballistic resistance of composites with EN AW-7075 matrix reinforced with Al2O3 particles. Archive of Foundry Engineering, 20(1):73–78, 2020. doi: 10.24425/afe.2020.131286.
[11] P.H.C. Camargo, K.G. Satyanarayana, and F. Wypych. Nanocomposite: synthesis, structure, properties and new application opportunities. Materials Research, 12(1):1–39, 2009. doi: 10.1590/S1516-14392009000100002.
[12] R. Jacob, A.P. Jacob, and D.E. Mainwaring. Mechanism of the dielectric enhancement in polymer–alumina nano-particle composites. Journal of Molecular Structure, 933(1-3):77–85, 2009. doi: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2007.05.041.
[13] X. Zhang and L.C. Simon. In situ polymerization of hybrid polyethylene-alumina nanocomposites. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 290(6):573–583, 2005. doi: 10.1002/mame. 200500075.
[14] S. Zhao, L.S. Schadleer, R. Duncan, H. Hillborg, and T. Auletta. Mechanisms leading to improved mechanical performance in nanoscale alumina filled epoxy. Composites Science and Technology, 68(14):2965–2975, 2008. doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.01.009.
[15] S.C. Zunjarrao and R.P. Singh. Characterization of the fracture behavior of epoxy reinforced with nanometer and micrometer sized aluminum particles. Composites Science and Technology, 66(13):2296–2305, 2006. doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.12.001.
[16] S. Amirchakhmaghi, A. Alavi Nia, Gh. Azizpour, and H. Bamdadi. The effect of surface treatment of alumina nanoparticles with a silane coupling agent on the mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites. Mechanics of Composite Materials, 51(3):347– 358, 2015. doi: 10.1007/s11029-015-9506-7.
[17] E.A. Ferriter, A. McCulloh, and W. deRosset. Techniques used to estimate limit velocity in ballistic testing with small sample size. In Proceedings of the 13th Annual U.S. Army Research Laboratory Conference, pages 72–95, USA, 2005.
[18] Bayer MateralScience AG., Polycarbonates Business Unit., (2013). www.plastics.bayer.com/Products/Makrolon/ProductList/201305212210/Makrolon- 2807.aspx.
[19] A. Chandra, L.S. Turng, P. Gopalan, R.M. Rowell, and S. Gong. Study of utilizing thin polymer surface coating on the nanoparticles for melt compounding of polycarbonate/alumina nanocomposites and their optical properties. Composites Science and Technology, 68(3-4):768–776, 2008. doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.08.027.
[20] Z. Zatorski. Diagnostics of ballistic resistance of multi-layered shields. \textit{Archive of Mechanical Engineering, 54(3):205–218, 2007. doi: 10.24425/ame.2007.131555.
[21] H. Motulsky and A. Christopoulos. Fitting Models to Biological Data Using Linear and Nonlinear Regression, a Particle Guide to Curve Fitting. GraphPad Software Inc., San Diego CA, 2003.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Ali Alavi Nia
1
Saeed Amirchakhmaghi
2

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
  2. Department of Mechanical Industrial and Aerospace engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
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Abstrakt

The hydro-mechanical drawing combines conventional deep drawing and sheet hydroforming and is widely used in the automotive industry. In this study, we designed and fabricated an indigenous experimental set-up that is low cost, low weight and portable. This study investigated the deformation of sheet metals into hemispherical cup-shaped parts made of different materials, viz., aluminium 8011 alloys, copper C12200 and steel EN10130 alloys. The initial thickness of sheet metal was 0.4 mm, the most common thickness range used in automotive applications. The deformation behaviour in terms of dome height has been measured by varying the pressure of the fluids. Aluminium 8011 alloy sheets showed a maximum dome height of 11.46 mm at a pressure of 1.47 MPa with no rupture. Steel EN10130 sheets had a maximum dome height of 10.89 mm at a pressure of 9.31 MPa. It was concluded that the behaviours of materials are different in the hydro-mechanical drawing process than in mechanical tests. Copper C12200 sheet showed superior formability with a maximum dome height of 18.91 mm at a pressure of 7.06 MPa than other materials without fracture.
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Bibliografia

[1] M.-G. Lee, Y.P. Korkolis, and J.H. Kim. Recent developments in hydroforming technology. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 229(4):572–596, 2015. doi: 10.1177/0954405414548463.
[2] C. Bell, J. Corney, N. Zuelli, and D. Savings. A state of the art review of hydroforming technology. International Journal of Material Forming, 13:789–828, 2020. doi: 10.1007/s12289-019-01507-1.
[3] F.T. Feyissa and D.R. Kumar. Enhancement of drawability of cryorolled AA5083 alloy sheets by hydroforming. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 8(1):411–423, 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2018.02.012.
[4] L.H. Lang, Z.R. Wang, D.C. Kang, S.J. Yuan, S.H. Zhang, J. Danckert, and K.B. Nielsen. Hydroforming highlights: sheet hydro-forming and tube hydro-forming. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 151(1-3):165–177, 2004. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2004.04.032.
[5] K. Siegert, M. Häussermann, B. Lösch, and R. Rieger. Recent developments in hydroforming technology, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 98(2):251–258, 2000. doi: 10.1016/S0924-0136 (99)00206-X.
[6] H. Hu, J.-F. Wang, K.-T. Fan, T.-Y. Chen, and S.-Y. Wang. Development of sheet hydroforming for making an automobile fuel tank. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 229(4):654–663, 2015. doi: 10.1177/0954405414554666.
[7] T. Nakagawa, K. Nakamura, and H. Amino. Various applications of hydraulic counter-pressure deep drawing. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 71(1):160–167, 1997. doi: 10.1016/S0924- 0136(97)00163-5.
[8] H. Amino, K. Nakamura, and T. Nakagawa. Counter-pressure deep drawing and its application in the forming of automobile parts. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 23(3):243–265, 1990. doi: 10.1016/0924-0136(90)90244-O.
[9] K. Nakamura and T. Nakagawa. Sheet metal forming with hydraulic counter pressure in Japan. CIRP Annals, 36(1):191–194, 1987. doi: 10.1016/S0007-8506(07)62583-9.
[10] S.H. Zhang, Z.R. Wang, Y. Xu, Z.T. Wang, and L.X. Zhou. Recent developments in sheet hydroforming technology. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 151(1-3):237–241, 2004. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2004.04.054.
[11] N. Abedrabbo, M.A. Zampaloni, and F. Pourboghrat. Wrinkling control in aluminum sheet hydroforming. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 47(3):333–358, 2005. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2005.02.003.
[12] M. Koç and O.N. Cora. Introduction and state of the art of hydroforming. In: M. Koç (editor), Hydroforming for Advanced Manufacturing, pages 1–29, Elsevier, 2008. doi: 10.1533/9781845694418.1.
[13] M. Chen, X. Xiao, H. Guo, and J. Tong. Deformation behavior, microstructure and mechanical properties of pure copper subjected to tube hydro-forming. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 731 (2018) 331–343. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2018.06.068.
[14] A.A. Emiru, D.K. Sinha, A. Kumar, and A. Yadav. Fabrication and characterization of hybrid aluminium (Al6061) metal matrix composite reinforced with SiC, B 4C and MoS 2 via stir casting. International Journal of Metalcasting, 2022. doi: 10.1007/s40962-022-00800-1.
[15] F. Hasan, R. Jaiswal, A. Kumar, and A. Yadav. Effect of TiC and graphite reinforcement on hardness and wear behaviour of copper alloy B-RG10 composites fabricated through powder metallurgy. JMST Advances, 4:1–11, 2022. doi: 10.1007/s42791-022-00043-5.
[16] K.S.A. Ali, V. Mohanavel, S.A. Vendan, M. Ravichandran, A. Yadav, M. Gucwa, and J. Winczek. Mechanical and microstructural characterization of friction stir welded SiC and B 4C reinforced aluminium alloy AA6061 metal matrix composites. Materials, 14 (11):3110, 2021. doi: 10.3390/ma14113110.
[17] L. Prasad, N. Kumar, A. Yadav, A. Kumar, V. Kumar, and J.~Winczek. In situ formation of ZrB 2 and its influence on wear and mechanical properties of ADC12 alloy mixed matrix composites. Materials, 14(9):2141, 2021. doi: 10.3390/ma14092141.
[18] S. Thiruvarudchelvan and F. Travis. An exploration of the hydraulic-pressure assisted redrawing of cups. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 72(1):117–123, 1997. doi: 10.1016/S0924-0136 (97)00138-6.
[19] J.B. Kim, D.W. Lee, D.Y. Yang, and C.S. Park. Investigation into hydro-mechanical reverse redrawing assisted by separate radial pressure—process development and theoretical verification. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 211(6):451–462, 1997. doi: 10.1243/0954405971516419.
[20] M. Janbakhsh, M. Riahi, and F. Djavanroodi. A practical approach to analysis of hydro-mechanical deep drawing of superalloy sheet metals using finite element method. International Journal of Advanced Design and Manufacturing Technology, 6(1):1–7, 2013.
[21] E. Karajibani, R. Hashemi, and M. Sedighi. Forming limit diagram of aluminum-copper two-layer sheets: numerical simulations and experimental verifications. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 90:2713–2722, 2017. doi: 10.1007/s00170-016-9585-1.
[22] S. Yaghoubi and F. Fereshteh-Saniee. An investigation on the effects of the process parameters of hydro-mechanical deep drawing on manufacturing high-quality bimetallic spherical-conical cups. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 110:1805–1818, 2020. doi: 10.1007/s00170-020-05985-5.
[23] Z.P. Xing, S.B. Kang, and H.W. Kim. Softening behavior of 8011 alloy produced by accumulative roll bonding process. Scripta Materialia, 45(5):597–604, 2001. doi: 10.1016/S1359-6462(01)01069- 7.
[24] A. Hasanbaşoğlu and R. Kaçar. Resistance spot weldability of dissimilar materials (AISI 316L–DIN EN 10130-99 steels). Materials & Design, 28(6):1794–1800, 2007. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2006.05.013.
[25] B. Meng and M.W. Fu. Size effect on deformation behavior and ductile fracture in microforming of pure copper sheets considering free surface roughening. Materials & Design, 83:400–412, 2015. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2015.06.067.
[26] A.G. Olabi and A. Alaswad. Experimental and finite element investigation of formability and failures in bi-layered tube hydro-forming. Advances in Engineering Software, 42(10):815–820, 2011. doi: 10.1016/j.advengsoft.2011.05.022.
[27] M. Rahimi, P. Fojan, L. Gurevich, and A. Afshari. Aluminium Alloy 8011: Surface characteristics. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 719–720:29–37, 2015. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.719-720.29.
[28] G. Pantazopoulos. Metallurgical observations on fatigue failure of a bent copper tube. Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention, 9:270–274,2009. doi: 10.1007/s11668-009-9225-2.
[29] K.A. Annan, R.C. Nkhoma, and S. Ngomane. Resistance spot welding of a thin 0.7 mm EN10130: DC04 material onto a thicker 2.4 mm 817M40 engineering steel. Journal of Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 121(10):1–7, 2021. doi: 10.17159/2411-9717/1597/2021.
[30] T. Maki and J. Cheng. Sheet hydroforming and other new potential forming technologies. In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 418:012117, 2018. doi: 10.1088/1757- 899X/418/1/012117.
[31] A.K. Sharma and D.K. Rout. Finite element analysis of sheet hydro-mechanical forming of circular cup. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 209(3):1445–1453, 2009. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.03.070.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Binayak Nahak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Anil Kumar
2
ORCID: ORCID
Anshul Yadav
2
Jerzy Winczek
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj – 211004, India
  2. Kamla Nehru Institute of Technology, Sultanpur – 228118, India
  3. Częstochowa University of Technology, Częstochowa, Poland
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Abstrakt

Thermally induced free vibration of sandwich beams with porous functionally graded material core embedded between two isotropic face sheets is investigated in this paper. The core, in which the porosity phase is evenly or unevenly distributed, has mechanical properties varying continuously along with the thickness according to the power-law distribution. Effects of shear deformation on the vibration behavior are taken into account based on both third-order and quasi-3D beam theories. Three typical temperature distributions, which are uniform, linear, and nonlinear temperature rises, are supposed. A mesh-free approach based on point interpolation technique and polynomial basis is utilized to solve the governing equations of motion. Examples for specific cases are given, and their results are compared with predictions available in the literature to validate the approach. Comprehensive studies are carried out to examine the effects of the beam theories, porosity distributions, porosity volume fraction, temperature rises, temperature change, span-to-height ratio, different boundary conditions, layer thickness ratio, volume fraction index on the vibration characteristics of the beam.
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Bibliografia

[1] D.K. Jha, T. Kant, and R.K. Singh. A critical review of recent research on functionally graded plates. Composite Structures, 96:833–849, 2013. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.09.001.
[2] A.S. Sayyad and Y.M. Ghugal. Modeling and analysis of functionally graded sandwich beams: a review. Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 26(21):1776–1795, 2019. doi: 10.1080/15376494.2018.1447178.
[3] A. Paul and D. Das. Non-linear thermal post-buckling analysis of FGM Timoshenko beam under non-uniform temperature rise across thickness. Engineering Science Technology, an International Journal, 19(3):1608–1625, 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.jestch.2016.05.014.
[4] A. Fallah and M.M. Aghdam. Thermo-mechanical buckling and nonlinear free vibration analysis of functionally graded beams on nonlinear elastic foundation. Composites Part B: Engineering, 43 (3):1523–1530, 2012. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2011.08.041.
[5] A.I. Aria and M.I. Friswell. Computational hygro-thermal vibration and buckling analysis of functionally graded sandwich microbeams. Composites Part B: Engineering, 165:785–797, 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.02.028.
[6] S.E. Esfahani, Y. Kiani, and M.R. Eslami. Non-linear thermal stability analysis of temperature dependent FGM beams supported on non-linear hardening elastic foundations. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 69:10–20, 2013. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2013.01.007.
[7] M. Lezgy-Nazargah. Fully coupled thermo-mechanical analysis of bi-directional FGM beams using NURBS isogeometric finite element approach. Aerospace Science and Technology, 45:154–164, 2015. doi: 10.1016/j.ast.2015.05.006.
[8] L.C. Trinh, T.P. Vo, H.-T. Thai, and T.-K. Nguyen. An analytical method for the vibration and buckling of functionally graded beams under mechanical and thermal loads. Composites Part B: Engineering, 100:152–163, 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.06.067.
[9] T.-K. Nguyen, B.-D. Nguyen, T.P. Vo, and H.-T. Thai. Hygro-thermal effects on vibration and thermal buckling behaviours of functionally graded beams. Composite Structures, 176:1050–1060, 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.06.036.
[10] P. Malekzadeh and S. Monajjemzadeh. Dynamic response of functionally graded beams in a thermal environment under a moving load. Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 23(3):248– 258, 2016. doi: 10.1080/15376494.2014.949930.
[11] N. Wattanasakulpong, B. Gangadhara Prusty, and D.W. Kelly. Thermal buckling and elastic vibration of third-order shear deformable functionally graded beams. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 53(9):734–743, 2011. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2011.06.005.
[12] S.C. Pradhan and T. Murmu. Thermo-mechanical vibration of FGM sandwich beam under variable elastic foundations using differential quadrature method. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 321(1- 2):342–362, 2009. doi: 10.1016/j.jsv.2008.09.018.
[13] G.-L. She, F.-G. Yuan, and Y.-R. Ren. Thermal buckling and post-buckling analysis of functionally graded beams based on a general higher-order shear deformation theory. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 47:340–357, 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.apm.2017.03.014.
[14] H.-S. Shen and Z.-X. Wang. Nonlinear analysis of shear deformable FGM beams resting on elastic foundations in thermal environments. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 81:195–206, 2014. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2014.02.020.
[15] T.T. Tran, N.H. Nguyen, T.V. Do, P.V. Minh, and N.D. Duc. Bending and thermal buckling of unsymmetric functionally graded sandwich beams in high-temperature environment based on a new third-order shear deformation theory. Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials, 23(3):906–930, 2021. doi: 10.1177/1099636219849268.
[16] A.R. Setoodeh, M. Ghorbanzadeh, and P. Malekzadeh. A two-dimensional free vibration analysis of functionally graded sandwich beams under thermal environment. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 226(12):2860–2873, 2012. doi: 10.1177/0954406212440669.
[17] L. Chu, G. Dui, and Y. Zheng. Thermally induced nonlinear dynamic analysis of temperature-dependent functionally graded flexoelectric nanobeams based on nonlocal simplified strain gradient elasticity theory. European Journal of Mechanics - A/Solids, 82:103999, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.euromechsol.2020.103999.
[18] Y. Fu, J. Wang, and Y. Mao. Nonlinear analysis of buckling, free vibration and dynamic stability for the piezoelectric functionally graded beams in thermal environment. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 36(9):4324–4340, 2012. doi: 10.1016/j.apm.2011.11.059.
[19] W.-R. Chen, C.-S. Chen, and H. Chang. Thermal buckling analysis of functionally graded Euler-Bernoulli beams with temperature-dependent properties. Journal of Applied and Computational Mechanics, 6(3):457–470, 2020. doi: 10.22055/JACM.2019.30449.1734.
[20] N. Wattanasakulpong and V. Ungbhakorn. Linear and nonlinear vibration analysis of elastically restrained ends FGM beams with porosities. Aerospace Science and Technology, 32(1):111–120, 2014. doi: 10.1016/j.ast.2013.12.002.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Tran Quang Hung
1
Tran Minh Tu
2
ORCID: ORCID
Do Minh Duc
1

  1. Faculty of Civil Engineering, The University of Da Nang - University of Science and Technology, Da Nang, Vietnam
  2. Hanoi University of Civil Engineering, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Abstrakt

To meet the continuous demand for energy of industrial as well as commercial sectors, researchers focus on increasing the power generating capacity of gas turbine power plants. In this regard, the combined cycle is a better solution in terms of environmental aspects and power generation as compared to a simple gas turbine power plant. The present study is the thermodynamic investigation of five possible air bottoming combined cycles in which the topping cycle is a simple gas turbine cycle, regenerative gas turbine cycle, inter-cool gas turbine cycle, reheat gas turbine cycle, and intercool-reheat gas turbine cycle. The effect of pressure ratio of the topping cycle, the turbine inlet temperature of topping cycle, and ambient temperature on net power output, thermal efficiency, total exergy destruction, and exergetic efficiency of the combined cycle have been analyzed. The ratio of the net power output of the combined cycle to that of the topping cycle is maximal in the case when the topping cycle is a simple gas turbine cycle. The ratio of net power output and the total exergy destruction of the combined cycle to those of the topping cycle decrease with pressure ratio for all the combinations under study except for the case when the topping cycle is the regenerative gas turbine cycle.
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Bibliografia

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Mohammad N. Khan
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dhare Alzafiri
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
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Abstrakt

Thermal error always exists in a machine tool and accounts for a large part of the total error in the machine. Thermal displacement in X-axis on a CNC lathe is controlled based on a rapid heating system. Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) heating plates are installed on the X-axis of the machine. A control temperature system is constructed for rapid heating which further helps the thermal displacement to quickly reach stability. The system then continuously maintains stable compensation of the thermal error. The presented rapid heating technique is simpler than the compensation of machine thermal errors by interference in the numerical control system. Results show that the steady state of the thermal displacement in the X-axis can be acquired in a shorter time. In addition, almost all thermal errors in constant and varying working conditions could be significantly reduced, by above 80% and 60%, respectively, compared to those without using the rapid heating. Therefore, the proposed method has a high potential for application on the CNC lathe machine for improving its precision.
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Bibliografia

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Van-The Than
1
ORCID: ORCID
Chi-Chang Wang
2
Thi-Thao Ngo
1
Guan-Liang Guo
2

  1. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Hung Yen University of Technology and Education, Khoai Chau District, Hung Yen Province, Vietnam
  2. Department of Mechanical and Computer-Adided Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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Abstrakt

The laminar flow around two side-by-side circular cylinders was numerically investigated using a vortex-in-cell method combined with a continuous-forcing immersed boundary method. The Reynolds number (Re) of the flow was examined in the range from 40 to 200, and the distance between the cylinders varies from 1.2 D to 6 D, where D is the cylinder diameter. Simulation results show that the vortex wake is classified into eight patterns, such as single-bluff-body, meandering-motion, steady, deflected-in-one-direction, flip-flopping, anti-phase-synchronization, in-phase-synchronization, and phase-difference-synchronization, significantly depending on the Re, the cylinder distance, and the initial external disturbance effects. The anti-phase-synchronization, in-phase-synchronization, and phase-difference-synchronization vortex patterns can be switched at a low Re after a long time evolution of the flow. In particular, the single-bluff-body and flip-flopping vortex patterns excite the oscillation amplitude of the drag and lift coefficients exerted on the cylinders.
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Bibliografia

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Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

Van Luc Nguyen
1
ORCID: ORCID
Duy Knanh Ho
1

  1. Institute of Engineering and Technology, Thu Dau Mot University, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam

Instrukcja dla autorów

About the Journal
Archive of Mechanical Engineering is an international journal publishing works of wide significance, originality and relevance in most branches of mechanical engineering. The journal is peer-reviewed and is published both in electronic and printed form. Archive of Mechanical Engineering publishes original papers which have not been previously published in other journal, and are not being prepared for publication elsewhere. The publisher will not be held legally responsible should there be any claims for compensation. The journal accepts papers in English.

Archive of Mechanical Engineering is an Open Access journal. The journal does not have article processing charges (APCs) nor article submission charges.

Original high quality papers on the following topics are preferred:

  • Mechanics of Solids and Structures,
  • Fluid Dynamics,
  • Thermodynamics, Heat Transfer and Combustion,
  • Machine Design,
  • Computational Methods in Mechanical Engineering,
  • Robotics, Automation and Control,
  • Mechatronics and Micro-mechanical Systems,
  • Aeronautics and Aerospace Engineering,
  • Heat and Power Engineering.

All submissions to the AME should be made electronically via Editorial System - an online submission and peer review system at: https://www.editorialsystem.com/ame

More detailed instructions for Authors can be found there.

Recenzenci


The Editorial Board of the Archive of Mechanical Engineering (AME) sincerely expresses gratitude to the following individuals who devoted their time to review papers submitted to the journal. Particularly, we express our gratitude to those who reviewed papers several times.

List of reviewers in 2023

Sara I. ABDELSALAM – University of California Riverside, United States
M. ARUNA – Liwa College of Technology, United Arab Emirates
Krzysztof BADYDA – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Nathalie BÄSCHLIN – Kunstmuseum Bern, Germany
Joanna BIJAK – Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
Tomas BODNAR – The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
Dariusz BUTRYMOWICZ – Białystok University of Technology, Poland
Suleyman CAGAN – Mechanical Engineering, Mersin University, Turkey
Claudia CASAPULLA – University of Naples Federico II, Italy
Peng CHEN – Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
Yao CHENG – Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
Jan de JONG – University of Twente, Netherlands
Mariusz DEJA – Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland
Jerzy EJSMONT – Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland
İsmail ESEN – Karabuk University, Turkey
Pedro Javier GAMEZ-MONTERO – Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Spain
Aman GARG – National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, India
Michał HAĆ – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Satoshi ISHIKAWA – Kyushu University, Japan
Jacek JACKIEWICZ – Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
Krzysztof JAMROZIAK – Wrocław University of Technology, Poland
Hong-Lae JANG – Changwon National University, Korea (South)
Łukasz JANKOWSKI – Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, PAS, Gdansk, Poland
Albizuri JOSEBA – University of the Basque Country, Spain
Łukasz KAPUSTA – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Dariusz KARDAŚ – Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, PAS, Gdansk, Poland
Panagiotis KARMIRIS-OBRATAŃSKI – AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland
Sivakumar KARTHIKEYAN – SRM Nagar
Tarek KHELFA – Hunan University of Humanities Science and Technology, China
Sven-Joachim KIMMERLE – Universität der Bundeswehr München, Germany
Thomas KLETSCHKOWSKI – HAW Hamburg, Germany
Piotr KLONOWICZ – Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, PAS, Gdansk, Poland
Vladis KOSSE – Queensland University of Technology, Australia
Mariusz KOSTRZEWSKI – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Maria KOTELKO – Lodz University of Technology, Poland
Michał KOWALIK – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Zbigniew KRZEMIANOWSKI – Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, Gdańsk, Poland
Slawomir KUBACKI – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Mieczysław KUCZMA – Poznan University of Technology, Poland
Waldemar KUCZYŃSKI – The Koszalin University of Technology, Poland
Rafał KUDELSKI – AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland
Rajesh KUMAR – Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, India
Mustafa KUNTOĞLU – Selcuk University, Turkey
Anna LEE – Pohang University of Science and Technology, South Korea, Korea (South)
Guolong LI – Chongqing University, China
Luxian LI – Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
Yingchao LI – Ludong University, Yantai, China
Xiaochuan LIN – Nanjing Tech University, China
Zhihong LIN – HuaQiao University, China
Yakun LIU – Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States
Jinjun LU – Northwest University, Xiʼan, China
Paweł MACIĄG – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Paweł MALCZYK – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Emil MANOACH – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
Mihaela MARIN – “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati, Romania
Miloš MATEJIĆ – University of Kragujevac, Serbia
Krzysztof MIANOWSKI – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Tran MINH TU – Hanoi University of Civil Engineering, Viet Nam
Farhad Sadegh MOGHANLOU – University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
Mohsen MOTAMEDI – University of Isfahan, Iran
Adis MUMINOVIC – University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Mohamed NASR – National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
Huu-That NGUYEN – Nha Trang University, Viet Nam
Tan-Luy NGUYEN – Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Viet Nam
Viorel PALEU – Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Romania
Nicolae PANC – Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Marcin PĘKAL – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Van Vinh PHAM – Le Quy Don Technical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
Vaclav PISTEK – Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic
Paweł PYRZANOWSKI – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Lei QIN – Beijing Information Science & Technology University, China
Milan RACKOV – University of Novi Sad, Serbia
Yuriy ROMASEVYCH – National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
Artur RUSOWICZ – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Andrzej SACHAJDAK – Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
Mirosław SEREDYŃSKI – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Maciej SUŁOWICZ – Cracow University of Technology, Poland
Biswajit SWAIN – National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
Tadeusz SZYMCZAK – Motor Transport Institute, Warsaw, Poland
Reza TAHERDANGKOO – Institute of Geotechnics, Freiberg, Germany
Rulong TAN – Chongqing University of Technology, China
Daniel TOBOŁA – Łukasiewicz Research Network - Cracow Institute of Technology, Poland
Milan TRIFUNOVIĆ – University of Niš, Serbia
Duong VU – Duy Tan University, Viet Nam
Shaoke WAN – Xi’an Jiaotong University, China
Dong WEI – Northwest A&F University, Yangling , China
Marek WOJTYRA – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Mateusz WRZOCHAL – Kielce University of Technology, Poland
Hugo YAÑEZ-BADILLO – TecNM: Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Tianguistenco, Mexico
Guichao YANG – Nanjing Tech University, China
Xiao YANG – Chongqing Technology and Business University, China
Yusuf Furkan YAPAN – Yildiz Technical University, Turkey
Luhe ZHANG – Chongqing University, China
Xiuli ZHANG – Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China

List of reviewers in 2022
Isam Tareq ABDULLAH – Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq
Ahmed AKBAR – University of Technology, Iraq
Nandalur AMER AHAMMAD – University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
Ali ARSHAD – Riga Technical University, Latvia
Ihsan A. BAQER – University of Technology, Iraq
Thomas BAR – Daimler AG, Stuttgart, Germany
Huang BIN – Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China
Zbigniew BULIŃSKI – Silesian University of Technology, Poland
Onur ÇAVUSOGLU – Gazi University, Turkey
Ali J CHAMKHA – Duy Tan University, Da Nang , Vietnam
Dexiong CHEN – Putian University, China
Xiaoquan CHENG – Beihang University, Beijing, China
Piotr CYKLIS – Cracow University of Technology, Poland
Agnieszka DĄBSKA – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Raphael DEIMEL – Berlin University of Technology, Germany
Zhe DING – Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China
Anselmo DINIZ – University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
Paweł FLASZYŃSKI – Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, Gdańsk, Poland
Jerzy FLOYRAN – University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
Xiuli FU – University of Jinan, China
Piotr FURMAŃSKI – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Artur GANCZARSKI – Cracow University of Technology, Poland
Ahmad Reza GHASEMI– University of Kashan, Iran
P.M. GOPAL – Anna University, Regional Campus Coimbatore, India
Michał GUMNIAK – Poznan University of Technology, Poland
Bali GUPTA – Jaypee University of Engineering and Technology, India
Dmitriy GVOZDYAKOV – Tomsk Polytechnic University, Russia
Jianyou HAN – University of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
Tomasz HANISZEWSKI – Silesian University of Technology, Poland
Juipin HUNG – National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
T. JAAGADEESHA – National Institute of Technology, Calicut, India
Jacek JACKIEWICZ – Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
JC JI – University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
Feng JIAO – Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China
Daria JÓŹWIAK-NIEDŹWIEDZKA – Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Warsaw, Poland
Rongjie KANG – Tianjin University, China
Dariusz KARDAŚ – Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, Gdansk, Poland
Leif KARI – KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden
Daria KHANUKAEVA – Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, Russia
Sven-Joachim KIMMERLE – Universität der Bundeswehr München, Germany
Yeong-Jin KING – Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
Kaushal KISHORE – Tata Steel Limited, Jamshedpur, India
Nataliya KIZILOVA – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Adam KLIMANEK – Silesian University of Technology, Poland
Vladis KOSSE – Queensland University of Technology, Australia
Maria KOTEŁKO – Lodz University of Technology, Poland
Roman KRÓL – Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, Poland
Krzysztof KUBRYŃSKI – Airforce Institute of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
Mieczysław KUCZMA – Poznan University of Technology, Poland
Paweł KWIATOŃ – Czestochowa University of Technology, Poland
Lihui Lang – Beihang University, China
Rafał LASKOWSKI – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Guolong Li – Chongqing University, China
Leo Gu LI – Guangzhou University, China
Pengnan LI – Hunan University of Science and Technology, China
Nan LIANG – University of Toronto, Mississauga, Canada
Michał LIBERA – Poznan University of Technology, Poland
Wen-Yi LIN – Hungkuo Delin University of Technology, Taiwan
Wojciech LIPINSKI – Austrialian National University, Canberra, Australia
Linas LITVINAS – Vilnius University, Lithuania
Paweł MACIĄG – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Krishna Prasad MADASU – National Institute of Technology Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
Trent MAKI – Amino North America Corporation, Canada
Marco MANCINI – Institut für Energieverfahrenstechnik und Brennstofftechnik, Germany
Piotr MAREK – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Miloš MATEJIĆ – University of Kragujevac, Serbia
Phani Kumar MEDURI – VIT-AP University, Amaravati, India
Fei MENG – University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, China
Saleh MOBAYEN – University of Zanjan, Iran
Vedran MRZLJAK – Rijeka University, Croatia
Adis MUMINOVIC – University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Mohamed Fawzy NASR – National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
Paweł OCŁOŃ – Cracow University of Technology, Poland
Yusuf Aytaç ONUR – Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Turkey
Grzegorz ORZECHOWSKI – LUT University, Lappeenranta, Finland
Halil ÖZER – Yıldız Technical University, Turkey
Muthuswamy PADMAKUMAR – Technology Centre Kennametal India Ltd., Bangalore, India
Viorel PALEU – Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Romania
Andrzej PANAS – Warsaw Military Academy, Poland
Carmine Maria PAPPALARDO – University of Salerno, Italy
Paweł PARULSKI – Poznan University of Technology, Poland
Antonio PICCININNI – Politecnico di Bari, Italy
Janusz PIECHNA – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Vaclav PISTEK – Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic
Grzegorz PRZYBYŁA – Silesian University of Technology, Poland
Paweł PYRZANOWSKI – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
K.P. RAJURKARB – University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States
Michał REJDAK – Institute of Chemical Processing of Coal, Zabrze, Poland
Krzysztof ROGOWSKI – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Juan RUBIO – University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Artur RUSOWICZ – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Wagner Figueiredo SACCO – Universidade Federal Fluminense, Petropolis, Brazil
Andrzej SACHAJDAK – Silesian University of Technology, Poland
Bikash SARKAR – NIT Meghalaya, Shillong, India
Bozidar SARLER – University of Lubljana, Slovenia
Veerendra SINGH – TATA STEEL, India
Wieńczysław STALEWSKI – Institute of Aviation, Warsaw, Poland
Cyprian SUCHOCKI – Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Warsaw, Poland
Maciej SUŁOWICZ – Cracov University of Technology, Poland
Wojciech SUMELKA – Poznan University of Technology, Poland
Tomasz SZOLC – Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Warsaw, Poland
Oskar SZULC – Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, Gdansk, Poland
Rafał ŚWIERCZ – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Raquel TABOADA VAZQUEZ – University of Coruña, Spain
Halit TURKMEN – Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
Daniel UGURU-OKORIE – Federal University, Oye Ekiti, Nigeria
Alper UYSAL – Yildiz Technical University, Turkey
Yeqin WANG – Syndem LLC, United States
Xiaoqiong WEN – Dalian University of Technology, China
Szymon WOJCIECHOWSKI – Poznan University of Technology, Poland
Marek WOJTYRA – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Guenter WOZNIAK – Technische Universität Chemnitz, Germany
Guanlun WU – Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
Xiangyu WU – University of California at Berkeley, United States
Guang XIA – Hefei University of Technology, China
Jiawei XIANG – Wenzhou University, China
Jinyang XU – Shanghai Jiao Tong University,China
Jianwei YANG – Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, China
Xiao YANG – Chongqing Technology and Business University, China
Oguzhan YILMAZ – Gazi University, Turkey
Aznifa Mahyam ZAHARUDIN – Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
Zdzislaw ZATORSKI – Polish Naval Academy, Gdynia, Poland
S.H. ZHANG – Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Yu ZHANG – Shenyang Jianzhu University, China
Shun-Peng ZHU – University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
Yongsheng ZHU – Xi’an Jiaotong University, China

List of reviewers of volume 68 (2021)
Ahmad ABDALLA – Huaiyin Institute of Technology, China
Sara ABDELSALAM – University of California, Riverside, United States
Muhammad Ilman Hakimi Chua ABDULLAH – Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia
Hafiz Malik Naqash AFZAL – University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Reza ANSARI – University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
Jeewan C. ATWAL – Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
Hadi BABAEI – Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Sakthi BALAN – K. Ramakrishnan college of Engineering, Trichy, India
Leszek BARANOWSKI – Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
Elias BRASSITOS – Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
Tadeusz BURCZYŃSKI – Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Warsaw, Poland
Nguyen Duy CHINH – Hung Yen University of Technology and Education, Hung Yen, Vietnam
Dorota CHWIEDUK – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Adam CISZKIEWICZ – Cracow University of Technology, Poland
Meera CS – University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Duhradun, India
Piotr CYKLIS – Cracow University of Technology, Poland
Abanti DATTA – Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, India
Piotr DEUSZKIEWICZ – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Dinesh DHANDE – AISSMS College of Engineering, Pune, India
Sufen DONG – Dalian University of Technology, China
N. Godwin Raja EBENEZER – Loyola-ICAM College of Engineering and Technology, Chennai, India
Halina EGNER – Cracow University of Technology, Poland
Fehim FINDIK – Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, Turkey
Artur GANCZARSKI – Cracow University of Technology, Poland
Peng GAO – Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
Rafał GOŁĘBSKI – Czestochowa University of Technology, Poland
Andrzej GRZEBIELEC – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Ngoc San HA – Curtin University, Perth, Australia
Mehmet HASKUL – University of Sirnak, Turkey
Michal HATALA – Technical University of Košice, Slovak Republic
Dewey HODGES – Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, United States
Hamed HONARI – Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
Olga IWASINSKA – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Emmanuelle JACQUET – University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
Maciej JAWORSKI – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Xiaoling JIN – Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Halil Burak KAYBAL – Amasya University, Turkey
Vladis KOSSE – Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
Krzysztof KUBRYŃSKI – Air Force Institute of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
Waldemar KUCZYŃSKI – Koszalin University of Technology, Poland
Igor KURYTNIK – State Higher School in Oswiecim, Poland
Daniel LESNIC – University of Leeds, United Kingdom
Witold LEWANDOWSKI – Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland
Guolu LI – Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
Jun LI – Xi’an Jiaotong University, China
Baiquan LIN – China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
Dawei LIU – Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
Luis Norberto LÓPEZ DE LACALLE – University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
Ming LUO – Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
Xin MA – Shandong University, Jinan, China
Najmuldeen Yousif MAHMOOD – University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
Arun Kumar MAJUMDER – Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
Paweł MALCZYK – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Miloš MATEJIĆ – University of Kragujevac, Serbia
Norkhairunnisa MAZLAN – Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
Dariusz MAZURKIEWICZ – Lublin University of Technology, Poland
Florin MINGIREANU – Romanian Space Agency, Bucharest, Romania
Vladimir MITYUSHEV – Pedagogical University of Cracow, Poland
Adis MUMINOVIC – University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Baraka Olivier MUSHAGE – Université Libre des Pays des Grands Lacs, Goma, Congo (DRC)
Tomasz MUSZYŃSKI – Gdansk University of Technology, Poland
Mohamed NASR – National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
Driss NEHARI – University of Ain Temouchent, Algeria
Oleksii NOSKO – Bialystok University of Technology, Poland
Grzegorz NOWAK – Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
Iwona NOWAK – Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
Samy ORABY – Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt
Marcin PĘKAL – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Bo PENG – University of Huddersfield, United Kingdom
Janusz PIECHNA – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Maciej PIKULIŃSKI – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
T.V.V.L.N. RAO – The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Jaipur, India
Andrzej RUSIN – Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
Artur RUSOWICZ – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Benjamin SCHLEICH – Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
Jerzy SĘK – Lodz University of Technology, Poland
Reza SERAJIAN – University of California, Merced, USA
Artem SHAKLEIN – Udmurt Federal Research Center, Izhevsk, Russia
G.L. SHI – Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, China
Muhammad Faheem SIDDIQUI – Vrije University, Brussels, Belgium
Jarosław SMOCZEK – AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland
Josip STJEPANDIC – PROSTEP AG, Darmstadt, Germany
Pavel A. STRIZHAK – Tomsk Polytechnic University, Russia
Vadym STUPNYTSKYY – Lviv Polytechnic National University, Ukraine
Miklós SZAKÁLL – Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Germany
Agnieszka TOMASZEWSKA – Gdansk University of Technology, Poland
Artur TYLISZCZAK – Czestochowa University of Technology, Poland
Aneta USTRZYCKA – Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Warsaw, Poland
Alper UYSAL – Yildiz Technical University, Turkey
Gabriel WĘCEL – Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
Marek WĘGLOWSKI – Welding Institute, Gliwice, Poland
Frank WILL – Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
Michał WODTKE – Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland
Marek WOJTYRA – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Włodzimierz WRÓBLEWSKI – Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
Hongtao WU – Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China
Jinyang XU – Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
Zhiwu XU – Harbin Institute of Technology, China
Zbigniew ZAPAŁOWICZ – West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
Zdzislaw ZATORSKI – Polish Naval Academy, Gdynia, Poland
Wanming ZHAI – Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
Xin ZHANG – Wenzhou University of Technology, China
Su ZHAO – Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, China



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