Nauki Humanistyczne i Społeczne

LINGUISTICA SILESIANA

Zawartość

LINGUISTICA SILESIANA | 2005 | vol. 26

Abstrakt

The article examines the syntax of Floating Quantifiers (FQs) in Old English. Diachronic data show that contemporary approaches to FQs cannot capture diverse properties displayed by these elements. Therefore the tripartite quantificational classification is proposed: Adjectival Quantifiers (AdjQs), which can float, are specifiers in structural terms, Inflectionally, they resemble adjectives. Pronominal Quantifiers (PQs) are classified as non-floating heads. Similar to pronouns, they can be used substantively. Finally, Adverbial Quantifiers (AdvQs) are dependent on the syntax of adverbs. This division follows the intuition of traditional grammarians (Mitchell 1985, Campbell 1959) who disperse quantifiers among adjectives, pronouns, and adverbs. Consequently, ·it is shown that, although the syntactic category of quantifiers must be recognized, the FQ is an epiphenomenon, the result of two kinds of movement: some so-called FQs are moved AdjQs, others are stranded PQs.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Artur Bartnik

Abstrakt

The present paper examines, discusses and compares inflections in the preterite weak verb system of Cotton and Trinity manuscripts of the Cursor Mundi. Its goal is to determine the extent to which the verbs comply with the paradigms formulated by the standard historical grammars of English, and areas/issues with respect to which the two MSS do not pattern alike. It will be shown that while the Cotton MS exhibits virtually no inflectional marking, the Trinity MS is only halfway through with the dropping of person/tense/number distinctions. It will be also demonstrated that some of the verbs found in the Trinity MS gave in to simplification more readily than others.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Anna Hebda

Abstrakt

The article embarks upon highlighting the syntactic evolution of dare and need which culminates in the verbs' present status of marginal modals. With the two verbs' fluctuations on the modal-lexical continuum in Old and Middle English taken for granted, three major stops emerge in this analysis, namely the language of Shakespeare, the language of Charles Dickens and Present Day English. Each time the occurrences of dare and need in the corpora come under scrutiny with a view to illustrating the overall syntactic profiles of the verbs.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Jerzy Nykiel

Abstrakt

This paper is a part of a major study concerned with adjectival suffixation in the language of Shakespeare. The linguistic material subjected to analysis here is drawn from ten Shakespearian plays representative of the major literary types, i.e., comedies, historical plays and tragedies. All the quotations are based on W.J. Craig's 1971 edition of Shakespeare Complete Works, London-New York-Toronto: OUP. The results of the present statistical investigation seem to show that there are no major differencies in the functioning of the two adjective-forming suffixes as they occur in the sample material. The differencies are rather quantitative in nature: -like is used to a much less extent in the relational function than -ly and the number of occurrences of -ly is twice as large as that of -like.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Piotr Kakietek

Abstrakt

In the late fifties, the present writer came to the conclusion that, in all languages of the world, the form of words depends not on two but on three basic factors: regular sound change, analogical change, and irregular sound change due to frequency. The latter implies that very frequently used morphemes, words, or word groups often undergo irregular reductions: "xval-its > hval-i, *gospodja > gospa, "steru jemu> staremu. There are six arguments which can be mentioned in favour of the theory of irregular sound change due to frequency.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Witold Mańczak

Abstrakt

The article starts from describing phonological variables and their identifiable variants. It concentrates on finding a convincing explanation and justification for the selection of particular phonological realizations. Due to the influence of such factors as the region, social settings, speech style and linguistic context, one can spot the variability in speech which contributes to speech alternations and the development of a number of variants.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Adam Pluszczyk

Abstrakt

The study endeavours to probe into the perception of English lenis plosive consonants word-initially and word-finally by the Poles without any experience with English either in form of formal classroom teaching or contacts with native speakers. It proceeds from a concise contrastive articulatory and acoustic juxtaposition of Polish and English plosives, grouped into respective phenomena, to the analysis of research data. The research is expected to shed some light upon efficiency of the perception of lenis plosives by the Poles, who utilise the voiced - voiceless rather than fortis - lenis distinction as a functional contrast. Then, more detailed questions are posed concerning the potential influence of neighbouring sounds, such as vowels of front or back quality, on the perception. Finally, certain observed tendencies and regularities are indicated.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Arkadiusz Rojczyk
ORCID: ORCID

Abstrakt

The aim of this article is to conduct a contrastive semantic analysis of a group of English and Polish verbs and verbal expressions that belong to the lexical field of MOVEMENT and prove that they can reflect the mental processes and emotions of the agent. The focus of the study is on the sub-field of verbs and verbal expressions that denote various ways of running (VWOR). The analysis consists of two steps. Firstly, the lexical items in question undergo componential analysis, whose results are displayed in a specially designed grid. Several kinds of specialised semantic components are applied for the sake of the analysis, in order to consider not only the physical aspect ofmovement, but also intentions and emotions that accompany movement on the side of the agent. Breaking down the meanings of lexical items in question into components results in a differentiation of several sub-fields within the field of YWOR. Those sub-fields are duly discussed in the course of the article. The next stage of the analysis consists in identifying prepositions and adverbs of direction and location that can modify meaning of lexical items analysed. The final conclusion of the article is that a considerable number of verbs and verbal expression gathered in the field of VWOR in both English and Polish are capable of reflecting various mental processes and emotions of the agent.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Joanna Jabłońska

Abstrakt

The objective of the present article may be described as an attempt at explaining the nature of the phenomenon known as the speech / language error. First it is focused on the universal grammar - the principle and parameter theory. It turns out that there are three perspectives, which have to be taken into account by every kind of grammar. The sequence of ,,ripping" the principles of the universal grammar allows to identify some factors and regularities influencing its development. So, in the light of the above assumption, one can gain a theoretical base for explaining the nature of language errors occurring in the phase of language acquisition. It is assumed as a general rule that the occurring of such divergent structures is negative implicative. Then, some types of universal language errors have been investigated.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Andrzej S. Feret

Abstrakt

The present paper aims to investigate the applicability of markedness theory as suggested by Lyons ( 1996) and Chomsky (Cook 1996) to research into borrowing transfer. In an attempt to assess the theory's explanatory potential, it discusses the problems faced by researchers who use the concept of markedness to account for cases of L2-LI transfer in the lexical domain. Since the criteria laid down by the theory often refer to independent phenomena and lack precision to boot, the resultant analysis of findings tends to show bias, which seriously undermines its reliability.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Jolanta Latkowska

Abstrakt

The psychological studies show that a man stores information in his mind, in the form of cognitive-semantic models or schemes. The aim of the following paper is an attempt to systematize approaches and ideas concerning the information representation in language. This research will present the psychological findings which provided some new methods of a language description, then some of the notions (introduced by G. Fauconnier, Ch. Fillmore, J.-P. Descles, M. Johnson, G. Lakoff, R. Langacker, J. Sowa, R. Schank and R. Abelson), which describe the semantic structure will be discussed. The author will try to demonstrate that this variability of theories and ideas refers in fact to one and the same problem, which is the conceptual record and representation of perceived reality, which actually takes the symbolic form anchored in language.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Katarzyna Kwapisz-Osadnik

Abstrakt

The purpose of the present paper is to examine the character of relationships among certain idiomatic expressions. The testing field for the examination will be an assortment of idiomatic expressions including colour terms. The use of colour terms in linguistic expressions is not arbitrary; on the contrary, it transparently shows cognitive processes by exposing interconnections among various expressions. Such links can be pointed out between two or more collocations with either the same or various colour terms, The first kind of connection to discuss here is bound to a single colour and its multiple meanings. To break down the meanings they will be sorted out according to the very association they originate from. The same association can initiate numerous expressions connected with each other by a corresponding underlying idea, and, therefore, of somehow predictable meaning. Secondly, expressions including different colour terms can just as well be subject to a pragmatic strategy. Once a certain meaning of an expression is established, it is free to be contrasted with other phenomena of the same kind, for example by means of changing the element of colour in an expression its semantic pole can be completely shifted. Still another point to analyse is the evolution of form and meaning, which process can involve the above ones as well as other complex transformations. What is at play here is certain ease with which people can accept a linguistic change by applying such tools as overgeneralization, simplification, or a shift of meaning.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Ewa Dąbrowska

Abstrakt

The aim of the article is a description of Russian verbs of initial Aktionsarten (action types) and an examination of the ways of translating them into German. Russian is the source language, while German is the language of translation. The article consists of three parts. In part one the Russian initial Aktionsarten are classified. In part two their German equivalents are discussed with the explicit usage of the meanings suited to morphologically expressed modifications of the basic Russian verbs. Part three focuses on the lack of the explicit usage of the meanings of the Russian initial verbs. The text material consists of contemporary Russian literature works and their German translations.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Jadwiga Stawnicka

Zasady etyki publikacyjnej

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Recenzenci

The Linguistica Silesiana peer-referees 2017-2020

  • Beata Abdallah-Krzepkowska
  • Magdalena Bartłomiejczyk
  • Magdalena Bator
  • Monika Bielińska
  • Bogusław Bierwiaczonek
  • Krzysztof Bogacki
  • Jan Čermák
  • Bożena Cetnarowska
  • Magdalena Charzyńska-Wójcik
  • Grzegorz Drożdż
  • Radosław Dylewski
  • Henryk Fontański
  • Danuta Gabryś-Barker
  • Piotr Gąsiorowski
  • Łukasz Grabowski
  • Ireneusz Kida
  • Robert Kiełtyka
  • Marcin Krygier
  • Marcin Kuczok
  • Katarzyna Kwapisz-Osadnik
  • Czesław Lachur
  • Andrzej Łyda
  • Ewa Miczka
  • Ewa Myrczek-Kadłubicka
  • John G. Newman
  • Mikołaj Nkollo
  • Jerzy Nykiel
  • Ewa Piechurska-Kuciel
  • Tadeusz Piotrowski
  • Adam Pluszczyk
  • Andrzej Porzuczek
  • Hans Sauer
  • Czesława Schatte
  • Piotr Stalmaszczyk
  • Monika Sułkowska
  • Konrad Szcześniak
  • Krystyna Warchał
  • Halina Widła
  • Krzysztof Witczak
  • Adam Wojtaszek
  • Marcin Zabawa

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