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Folia Medica Cracoviensia

Folia Medica Cracoviensia

ISSN
ISSN 0015-5616
Publishers
Oddział PAN w Krakowie; Uniwersytet Jagielloński – Collegium Medicum
Editorial Board:


Editor-in-Chief
dr hab. Krzysztof Gil, prof. UJ, Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
ORCID 0000-0002-4732-7698

Vice Editor-in-Chief
Prof. Andrzej Surdacki, 2nd Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
ORCID 0000-0001-7949-3140

Secretary Editor
Prof. Beata Kuśnierz – Cabala, Department of Diagnostics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
ORCID 0000-0001-8639-5688



Editorial Board Members:

Prof. Benjamin Chain, Department of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, England

Prof. Paul Enck, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen Germany

Prof. Tomasz Grodzicki, Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

Prof. Kalina Kawecka-Jaszcz, 1st Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

Prof. Maciej Małecki, Department of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

Prof. Janusz Marcinkiewicz, Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

Prof. Franz H. Messerli, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, University of Bern, Switzerland and Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Health Center, New York, USA

Prof. Jacek Musiał, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

Prof. Wiesław Pawlik, Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

Prof. Jacek J. Pietrzyk, 1st Department of Children's Diseases and the Department of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

Prof. Władysław Sułowicz, Department of Nephrology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

Prof. Jerzy A. Walocha, Department of Anatomy, ,Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland



Adres redakcji
ul. Czysta 18
31-121 Kraków
e-mail: folmedcrac@pan.pl

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Folia Medica Cracoviensia | 2020 | Vol. 60 | No 4

1 The role of oxidative stress in the cooperation of parthenolide and etoposide in HL-60 cells
Monika A. Papież , Oliwia Siodłak , Wirginia Krzyściak
Folia Medica Cracoviensia | 2020 | Vol. 60 | No 4 | 5-17 | DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2020.136200
Keywords: parthenolide etoposide acute myeloid leukemia GSH oxidative stress flow cytometry
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Abstract

B a c k g r o u n d: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide on the cytotoxic and pro-oxidative effects of etoposide in HL-60 cells.
M e t h o d s: Cytotoxic effects were determined by incubation of HL-60 cells with various concentrations of examined compounds and combinations thereof, which were then stained with propidium iodide and analyzed using a flow cytometer. To determine the role of oxidative stress in the action of the compounds, co-incubation with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) and parthenolide and/or etoposide was used and the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) was detected.
R e s u l t s: Parthenolide significantly enhanced the cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects of etoposide. However, in most cases of the combinations of parthenolide and etoposide, their effect was antagonistic, as confirmed by an analysis using the CalcuSyn program. The examined compounds significantly reduced the level of GSH in HL-60 cells. Combination of etoposide at a concentration of 1.2 μM and parthenolide also significantly reduced GSH level. However, in the case of a combination of etoposide at a concentration of 2.5 μM with parthenolide, a significant increase in the level of GSH was obtained compared to compounds acting alone. This last observation seems to confirm the antagonism between the compounds tested.
C o n c l u s i o n s: Parthenolide did not limit the cytotoxic effect of etoposide in HL-60 cells even in the case of antagonistic interaction. If parthenolide does increase GSH levels in combination with etoposide in the normal hematopoietic cells, it could protect them against the pro-oxidative effects of this anti-cancer drug.
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Authors and Affiliations

Monika A. Papież
1
Oliwia Siodłak
1
Wirginia Krzyściak
2
  1. Department of Cytobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  2. Department of Medical Diagnostic, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
2 Changes in the clinical characteristics of women with gestational diabetes mellitus — a retrospective decade-long single center analysis
Magdalena Wilk , Katarzyna Cyganek , Bartłomiej Matejko , Sabina Krzyżowska , Izabela Lasoń , Barbara Katra , Joanna Zięba-Parkitny , Przemysław Witek , Maciej T. Małecki
Folia Medica Cracoviensia | 2020 | Vol. 60 | No 4 | 19-29 | DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2020.136201
Keywords: diabetes diabetes mellitus gestational diabetes mellitus GDM hyperglycemia
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Abstract

A i m s: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an emerging worldwide problem. Changes in clinical characteristics of women affected by GDM in a long-term perspective are still not properly investigated. We aimed to examine such changes over a decade in a retrospective single-center analysis.
M e t h o d s: The medical documentation from Department of Metabolic Diseases, Krakow, Poland was analyzed. We included 633 women consecutively diagnosed with GDM in one of three time intervals: 2007–2008 (N = 157), 2012–2013 (N = 272), 2016–2017 (N = 234). Statistical analyses were performed.
R e s u l t s: Comparison of the three groups identified differences in the mean age of women at the GDM diagnosis (30.7 ± 5.0 years vs. 31.2 ± 4.7 vs. 32.5 ± 4.7, respectively, starting from the earliest 2007–2008 group), pregnancy week at GDM diagnosis (28.0 ± 5.3 wks. vs. 25.9 ± 4.9 vs. 23.4 ± 6.8), the proportion of women diagnosed before the 24th week of pregnancy (12.8% vs. 16.5% vs. 31.3%), and gestational weight gain (12.4 ± 5.0 kg vs. 10.4 ± 5.2 vs. 10.0 ± 5.7); (p = 0.001 or less for all comparisons). We also found differences for glucose values on fasting and at 2 hours with the highest (0 min) and lowest level (120 min) in the 2016–2017, respectively. Finally, a borderline difference for the weight, but not for BMI, was found (64.1 ± 14.1 kg vs. 66.2 ± 13.1 vs. 67.8 ± 15.6; p = 0.04). Differences were also identified in the post hoc analysis between cohorts.
C o n c l u s i o n: This retrospective analysis illustrates changes in characteristics of women with GDM occurring over the period of decade in Poland. They likely result from both epidemiological trends and modifications of the WHO criteria for the GDM diagnosis.
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Authors and Affiliations

Magdalena Wilk
1 2
Katarzyna Cyganek
1 2
Bartłomiej Matejko
1 2
Sabina Krzyżowska
1 2
Izabela Lasoń
1 2
Barbara Katra
1 2
Joanna Zięba-Parkitny
2
Przemysław Witek
1 2
Maciej T. Małecki
1 2
  1. Department of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  2. University Hospital, Kraków, Poland
3 Contribution of 3D printing technology for craniofacial surgery
Janusz Skrzat
Folia Medica Cracoviensia | 2020 | Vol. 60 | No 4 | 31-40 | DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2020.136202
Keywords: 3D printing mesh model craniofacial surgery computed tomography
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Abstract

This article summarizes technical aspects of preparing printable 3D anatomical models created from radiological data (CT, MRI) and discusses their usefulness in surgery of the human skull. Interdisciplinary approach to the capabilities of the 3D printers, and the materials used for manufacturing 3D objects oriented on replicating anatomical structures has created new possibilities for simulating and planning surgical procedures in clinical practice settings.
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Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Skrzat
1
  1. Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
4 Inguinal hernia management in preterm infants: addressing current issues of interest
Ioannis Patoulias , Ioanna Gkalonaki , Dimitrios Patoulias
Folia Medica Cracoviensia | 2020 | Vol. 60 | No 4 | 41-52 | DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2020.136203
Keywords: preterm infant inguinal hernia postoperative apnea operative complications
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Abstract

We define as preterm any newborn born before 37 weeks of gestation. The incidence of inguinal hernia is 1–4.4% among full term neonates and older children. In preterm newborns it is significantly more often, with an incidence that raises up to 30%. In this comprehensive review of the literature we provide evidence-based answers in various questions concerning the optimal treatment of inguinal hernias in preterm neonates. Such questions include the proper time of intervention, the choice of optimal anesthesia, the necessity for contralateral investigation in case of an ipsilateral hernia, the prevention of post-operative apnea and the choice between classic and laparoscopic surgical techniques.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ioannis Patoulias
1
Ioanna Gkalonaki
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dimitrios Patoulias
2
  1. First Department of Pediatric Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital “G Gennimatas”, Thessaloniki, Greece
  2. First Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital “Hippokration”, Thessaloniki, Greece
5 Outcomes of Jehovah’s Witnesses with hematological malignancies treated without transfusions — single center experience
Joanna Ewa Drozd-Sokołowska , Anna Waszczuk-Gajda , Jadwiga Dwilewicz-Trojaczek , Alicja Walesiak , Monika Krzyżanowska , Monika Paluszewska , Jolanta Wieczorek , Wiesław Wiktor-Jędrzejczak
Folia Medica Cracoviensia | 2020 | Vol. 60 | No 4 | 53-64 | DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2020.136204
Keywords: Jehovah’s Witnesses leukemia lymphoma blood transfusion platelet transfusion
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Abstract

Malignancies of the hematopoietic system frequently are associated with severe cytopenias requiring transfusions of blood components. Refusal of blood components by Jehovah’s Witnesses (JW) produces challenges to treatment. In this report we describe the outcome of hematological malignancies of JW patients treated without transfusions. Altogether, eight JW, diagnosed 1994–2015, 6 (75%) females, the median age at diagnosis 40 years (range, 20–78), were included into the analysis. The diagnoses were: acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2, 25%), acute myeloid leukemia (2, 25%), non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (4, 50%). One patient died without treatment while the remaining 7 patients received treatment, including imatinib in 1 patient with BCR-ABL1+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Five (62.5%) patients received erythropoiesis stimulating agents. Median hemoglobin concentration at diagnosis was 8.7 g/dL (range, 6.3–13.1), and it decreased to 3.2 g/dL (range, 2.6–9.3) during first-line treatment. Median platelet count at diagnosis was 52 × 109/L (range, 15–392). All patients became thrombocytopenic upon treatment reaching median platelet count 8 × 109/L (range, 2–85). Five patients developed respiratory failure. Anemia contributed substantially to the death of 3 out of 6 patients (50%). One patient (17%) developed central nervous system bleeding in the course of thrombocytopenia. Objective response rate was 43%, with 29% complete remissions after first-line treatment. Despite the median overall survival of 15.3 months (95% CI, 0.2–52.2), all but one acute leukemia patients succumbed shortly after the diagnosis. To conclude, the outcome of JW treated because of hematological malignancies without blood transfusions is very dismal, nevertheless, selected patients can obtain complete remissions. Anemia contributes significantly to the death of JW.
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Authors and Affiliations

Joanna Ewa Drozd-Sokołowska
1
Anna Waszczuk-Gajda
1
Jadwiga Dwilewicz-Trojaczek
1
Alicja Walesiak
1
Monika Krzyżanowska
1
Monika Paluszewska
1
Jolanta Wieczorek
1
Wiesław Wiktor-Jędrzejczak
1
  1. Department of Hematology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
6 Incorporation of the sphenoid sinuses’ septum / septa in the carotid canal — evaluation before the FESS
Joanna Jaworek-Troć , Michał Zarzecki , Dariusz Lusina , Tomasz Gładysz , Paweł Depukat , Agata Mazurek , Wojciech Twardokęs , Anna Curlej- Wądrzyk , Joe Iwanaga , Ewa Walocha , Robert Chrzan , Andrzej Urbanik
Folia Medica Cracoviensia | 2020 | Vol. 60 | No 4 | 65-78 | DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2020.136205
Keywords: sphenoid sinuses main septum additional septum carotid canal FESS
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Abstract

The purpose of the research was to define the frequency prevalence of the incorporation of sphenoid sinuses’ septum / septa in the carotid canal of the adult population.
M a t e r i a l s and M e t h o d s: 296 computed tomography (CT) scans of the patients (147 females, 149 males), who did not present any pathology in the sphenoid sinuses, were evaluated in this retrospective analysis. Spiral CT scanner — Siemens Somatom Sensation 16 — was used to glean the medical images. Standard procedure applied in the option Siemens CARE Dose 4D. No contrast medium was administered. Multiplans reconstruction (MPR) tool was used in order to obtain frontal and sagittal planes from the transverse planes previously received.
R e s u l t s: Bilateral incorporation of the main septum (MS) in the carotid canal was not present in any of the patients, whereas unilateral incorporation was noticed in 21.96% of the patients (17.68% females, 26.17% males). On the right side it occurred in 11.82% of cases (10.88% females, 12.75% males), and on the left side in 10.14% of cases (6.8% females, 13.42% males). Bilateral incorporation of the additional septum (AS) was found in 8.45% of the patients (4.08% females, 12.75% males), whereas unilateral incorporation was noted in 28.37% of the patients. It was seen on the right side in 11.82% of cases (12.93% females, 10.74% males), and on the left side in 16.55% cases (15.65% females, 17.45% males). The most common variant was the incorporation of only one of the septa (either the MS or the AS) in the wall of the carotid canal unilaterally. Such situation took place in 30.07% of the patients (29.25% females, 30.87% males).
Incorporation of two septa on the same side was noticed in 4.39% of cases (4.08% females, 4.7% males), and incorporation of three septa in 0.34% of cases (0.7% males).
C o n c l u s i o n s: The anatomy of the paranasal sinuses is varied to a great extent, hence performing a CT scan is crucial before the scheduled surgery, as it may lessen the unforeseeable surgical complications, that may result from the high prevalence of variants in the sinuses.


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28. Jaworek-Troć J., Walocha J.A., Chrzan R., Żmuda P., Zarzecki J.J., Pękala A., Depukat P., Kucharska E., Lipski M., Curlej-Wądrzyk A., Zarzecki M.P.: Protrusion of the carotid canal into the sphenoid sinuses: evaluation before endonasal endoscopic sinus surgery. Folia Morph. 2020 (Ahead of print). doi: 10.5603/FM.a2020.0086.
29. Jaworek-Troć J., Walocha J.A., Loukas M., Tubbs R.S., Iwanaga J., Zawiliński J., Brzegowy K., Zarzecki J.J., Curlej-Wądrzyk A., Kucharska E., Burdan F., Janda P., Zarzecki M.P.: Extensive pneumatisation of the sphenoid bone — anatomical investigation of the recesses of the sphenoid sinuses and their clinical importance. Folia Morph. 2020 (Ahead of print). doi: 10.5603/FM.a2020.0120.
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Authors and Affiliations

Joanna Jaworek-Troć
1 2
Michał Zarzecki
1
Dariusz Lusina
1
Tomasz Gładysz
3
Paweł Depukat
1
Agata Mazurek
1
Wojciech Twardokęs
4
Anna Curlej- Wądrzyk
5
Joe Iwanaga
6
Ewa Walocha
7
Robert Chrzan
2
Andrzej Urbanik
2
  1. Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  2. Department of Radiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  3. Department of Dental Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  4. Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
  5. Department of Integrated Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  6. Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University, New Orleans, USA
  7. Department of Clinical Nursing, Institute of Nursing and Obstetrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
7 Past strong experiences determine acute cardiovascular autonomic responses to acoustic stress
Michał Jurczyk , Andrzej Boryczko , Agata Furgała , Adrian Poniatowski , Andrzej Surdacki , Krzysztof Gil
Folia Medica Cracoviensia | 2020 | Vol. 60 | No 4 | 79-95 | DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2020.136206
Keywords: stress students autonomic system activity heart rate variability blood pressure variability
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Abstract

B a c k g r o u n d: Stress is a major risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) disease. We hypothesized that past strong experiences might modulate acute CV autonomic responses to an unexpected acoustic stimulus.
A i m: The study’s aim was to compare acute CV autonomic responses to acoustic stress between students with and without a past strong experience associated with the acoustic stimulus.
M a t e r i a l s and M e t h o d s: Twenty five healthy young volunteers — medical and non-medical students — were included in the study. CV hemodynamic parameters, heart rate (HR), and blood pressure (BP) variability were assessed for 10 min at rest and for 10 min after two different acoustic stimuli: a standard sound signal and a specific sound signal used during a practical anatomy exam (so-called “pins”).
R e s u l t s: Both sounds stimulated the autonomic nervous system. The “pins” signal caused a stronger increase in HR in medical students (69 ± 10 vs. 73 ± 13 bpm, p = 0.004) when compared to non-medical students (69 ± 6 vs. 70 ± 10, p = 0.695). Rises in diastolic BP, observed 15 seconds after sound stressors, were more pronounced after the “pins” sound than after the standard sound signal only in medical students (3.1% and 1.4% vs. 3% and 4.4%), which was also reflected by low-frequency diastolic BP variability (medical students: 6.2 ± 1.6 vs. 4.1 ± 0.8 ms2, p = 0.04; non-medical students: 6.0 ± 4.3 vs. 4.1 ± 2.6 ms2, p = 0.06).
C o n c l u s i o n s: The “pins” sound, which medical students remembered from their anatomy practical exam, provoked greater sympathetic activity in the medical student group than in their non-medical peers. Thus, past strong experiences modulate CV autonomic responses to acute acoustic stress.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Jurczyk
1
Andrzej Boryczko
1
Agata Furgała
1
ORCID: ORCID
Adrian Poniatowski
1
Andrzej Surdacki
2
Krzysztof Gil
1
  1. Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  2. Second Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
8 Novel antidiabetic drugs in diabetic kidney disease accompanying type 2 diabetes — a minireview
Ewa Wieczorek-Surdacka , Andrzej Surdacki , Jolanta Świerszcz , Bernadeta Chyrchel
Folia Medica Cracoviensia | 2020 | Vol. 60 | No 4 | 97-101 | DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2020.136207
Keywords: sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists renoprotection diabetic kidney disease type 2 diabetes cardiovascular outcome trials clinical practice guidelines
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Abstract

Intensive hypoglycemic treatment is the strongest preventive strategy against the development of microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), including diabetic nephropathy. However, some antidiabetic drugs, i.e. sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA) have an additional renoprotective effect beyond glucose control by itself. Similar, both SGLT-2i and GLP1-RA have been demonstrated to decrease the risk of adverse cardiovascular (CV) events in CV outcome trials. Nevertheless, there are relevant differences in CV and renal effects of SGLT-2i and GLP1-RA. First, SGLT2i reduced the incidence and progression of albuminuria and prevented loss of kidney function, while predominant renal benefits of GLP1-RA were driven by albuminuria outcomes. Second, the risk of heart failure (HF) hospitalizations decreased on SGLT2i but not on GLP1-RA, which gives priority to SGLT2i in T2DM and HF, especially with depressed EF. Third, either GLP1-RA (reducing predominantly atherosclerosis-dependent events) or SGLT-2i, should be used in T2DM and established atherosclerotic CV disease (ASCVD) or other indicators of high CV risk. In this review, we have briefly compared clinical practice guidelines of the American Diabetes Association (2020 and 2021 versions), Polish Diabetes Association (2020) and the European Society of Cardiology/European Association for the Study of Diabetes (2019), with a focus on the choice between SGLT-2i and GLP1-RA in patients with diabetic kidney disease.
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10. Cosentino F., Grant P.J., Aboyans V., et al.: 2019 ESC Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD. Eur Heart J. 2020; 41: 255–323.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ewa Wieczorek-Surdacka
1
Andrzej Surdacki
2
Jolanta Świerszcz
3
Bernadeta Chyrchel
4
  1. Chair and Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  2. Second Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  3. Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  4. Second Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
9 Assessment of conformity between clinical (radiological) and histopathological diagnoses of chronic inflammatory periapical lesions treated with apicoectomy
Paweł Myciński , Katarzyna Dobroś , Tomasz Kaczmarzyk , Joanna Zarzecka
Folia Medica Cracoviensia | 2020 | Vol. 60 | No 4 | 103-111 | DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2020.136208
Keywords: periapical lesions clinical examination histopathological examination radicular cyst
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Abstract

O b j e c t i v e s: Periapical inflammation is one of the most common pathologies within the jaws, leading to the destruction of periodontal ligaments, bone resorption and the formation of periapical granulomas or radicular cysts. The final diagnosis can be made only on the basis of histopathological examination. The aim of the study was to assess the conformity between clinical and histopathological diagnosis of inflammatory periapical lesions treated with apicoectomy.
M a t e r i a l s a n d M e t h o d s: The case histories of 52 patients subjected to surgical treatment at the Clinic of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics between 2008 and 2018 were analyzed. Demographic data (age, gender), clinical (radiological) diagnosis, and data on the presence of sinus tracts and causal tooth were obtained from patients’ records. R e s u l t s: In the light of clinical and radiological examination, 32 (61.5%) periapical granulomas, 18 (34.6%) radicular cysts and 2 (3.9%) periapical scars were diagnosed, whereas the result of histopathological examination revealed granuloma in 34 (65.4%) cases and in 18 (34.6%) — radicular cyst. For clinical diagnosis of granuloma, the result coincided with the result of the histopathological examination in 28 cases, and in the case of cysts in 14. The analysis showed a significant relationship between the clinical and histopathological diagnoses (p <0.05).
C o n c l u s i o n s: The study emphasizes the importance of histopathological assessment for the proper diagnosis of periapical lesions.
C l i n i c a l R e l e v a n c e: The article emphasizes the high importance of histopathological examination for the correct diagnosis of chronic inflammatory periapical lesions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Myciński
1
Katarzyna Dobroś
1
Tomasz Kaczmarzyk
2
Joanna Zarzecka
1
  1. Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  2. Department of Oral Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
10 Modification of teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic at the Department of Medical Education of Jagiellonian University Medical College
Agnieszka Skrzypek , Ian Perera , Marta Szeliga , Grzegorz Cebula
Folia Medica Cracoviensia | 2020 | Vol. 60 | No 4 | 113-121 | DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2020.136209
Keywords: medical didactics medical education distance learning education during the COVID-19 pandemic Department of Medical Education, Jagiellonian University Medical College
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Abstract

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic contributed to the implementation of changes in the methodology of conducting many courses at medical universities. Achieving learning outcomes was associated with self-discipline and an increased portion of students’ independent work. The aim of the study is to analyze the adaptation of teaching methods to the requirements of the COVID-19 pandemic at the Department of Medical Education of Jagiellonian University Medical College. The university authorities, instructors and students made every effort not to neglect their education. The Microsoft Teams platform allowed for the efficient organization of remote classes. Lectures, activities based on dialogue, brainstorming and role- -playing were conducted via the Internet. Presentations and short films were made available to students. The safety of individuals participating in classes was guaranteed by password access and an invitation sent prior to an online meeting. Remote learning allowed for the synthesis and deepening of students’ knowledge, improvement of communication skills and development of clinical thinking as future doctors. The disadvantages of online education was the inability to improve practical skills, especially on phantoms, under the direct supervision of a trained instructor.
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Authors and Affiliations

Agnieszka Skrzypek
1
Ian Perera
1
Marta Szeliga
1
Grzegorz Cebula
1
  1. Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
11 Contents
Folia Medica Cracoviensia | 2020 | Vol. 60 | No 4
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