Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management

Mineral resources in Poland are systematically evaluated and the actualized data on their amount yearly published as "Balance of resources of mineral deposits and underground waters in Poland". Recently data on 8146 deposits are recorded (tab. 2 ). The development ofmineral deposits is realized under control oflegal acts: "Geological and mining law", "Environment protection law" and "Act on land use and land development". The legal framework consists of: rules of ownership and mining usage of mineral deposits, presentation and treatment of mineral deposits in land use planning, licensing mineral prospecting, exploration and mining, system ofrecording data on actual resources amount, mining authority surveillance on deposit development and mine safety. Dissipation of mineral development rules in different legal acts results in shortcomings in mineral deposits development and in their protection against land use that makes them inaccessible. Several problems exist unsolved in definite, satisfactory, manner. The imprecise definition of mineral ownership is the main concern. Geological and mining law do not touch problems of undeveloped mineral deposits. These deposits as well as the area of possible their existence are not protected against land use planning unfavourable for their future development. The main problems that should be solved are: elaboration of the rules of protection of undeveloped mineral deposits and abandoned after the mine closure, validation of deposits, according to their importance, as a basic criteria for selecting the most valuable ones to be obligatory protected, constant verification of demonstrated resources and possibilities of detection of new ones, elaboration of criteria of rational mineral development in the market conditions, introduction of united nations framework classification of resources and reserves as parallel to existing polish one, recognition the heaps of mining wastes, that could be utilized as mineral raw material, as "anthropogenic mineral deposits" that allow better mineral market management. The rules ofmineral deposits protection and development should be presented in one legal act.

The scope of the paper is to present the results of tests on high-temperature samples of "Surmin" type boehmit kaolin upgraded by means of the hydrothermal method. The obtained results of test baking trials indicate that, in comparison with crude samples, the upgraded grogs have considerably higher density, lower porosity and absorbability. A high level of sludge sedimentation within the range of 55.7-60% obtained in the samples subjected to hydrothermal treatment constitutes an important result, especially as compared with crude grog sludge sedimentation only at the level of 49.0%.The authors specify the feasibility of applying the hydrothermal method in upgrade treatment of raw kaolin materials.

All over the world there exists a need to store highly active radioactive wastes in a safeway as long as they naturally decay and do not reach natural environment before this time. Especially storing ofspent nuclear reactor fuel (SNF) and high level waste (HLW), resulting from the SNF reprocessing, creates serious problems. Such wastes continuously produce heat for a period of few hundred years and emit ionizing radiation as well as neutrons from the fission of transuranians for much longer time. If not properly shielded and insolated from the biosphere could be strongly hazardous for men. The most realistic way of their neutralization is to store them in a deep geological formations and keep isolated from the contact with ground waters for a sufficiently long time(>I OOO years). Only fewtypes ofrocks arc able to meet such requirements. Among them special attention is paid to deposits of: rock salts, argillaceous formations and hard rocks. In a paper described are such topics as: categories of radioactive wastes, selection of the appropriate rock formations, review of the world-wide concepts of repositories, risk assessment and role of natural analogues in this context as well as the concept of potential site selection at the territory of Poland.

Groundwater intakes cannot be always located in favourable hydrogeological conditions. However, the prognosis ofan inflow to the intake and of the resulting drop in groundwater table position must always be credible and accurate. This problem is discussed in the following paper for the model in which a single water well is located in the vicinity of the two, mutually perpendicular, impermeable boundaries. The fomulac developed by the authors enabled the calculations and the comparison of calculated results with the simulation of hydrcigeological conditions. Error analysis points to the high consistence of the prognoses for both the discharge of an intake and the range of depression cone. Hence, the obtained results support the opinion on applicability of formulae in hydrogcological practice.

Foundations of game theory were presented on the paper. On the examples different types of games and methodology oftheir solutions were defined. The practical utilization of the game theory was presented on the example of the Rudna copper-silver mine. Obtained results were comparised with Monte Carlo simulations effects.

In paper the analysis of lineaments determined on satellite and tectonic of LGOM has been presented. Tectonics influences on seismicity particularly in the range ofhigh-energy tremors. Two regional megalineaments arc observed in LGOM, probably, they have connections with deeper cracks in Earth interior. Up-to-Permean tectonics could determine the behaviour of fault zones in LGOM deposits - very complicated due to multiphase formation. Otherwise, subsequent tectonic activity - Laramcan had the greatest influence on covering the elder tectonics in this area. The problem of tectonic zone activity is essential and still important due to meaningful tremor occurrence of high energy in the LGOM. It possess also meaning for environment and surface and underground infrastructure in this site.

In the paper, considerations on the possibility of enrichment of rheological constitutive equation with the help of dynamic factor have been notified. The sense ofit embodies in supplement the component containing second derivative at time. The particular dynamic form of rheological constitutive equation named standard dynamic has been analyzed. The process of dynamic (accelerating) creep and dynamic (pulsating) relaxation has been defined.