Nauki Biologiczne i Rolnicze

Journal of Plant Protection Research

Zawartość

Journal of Plant Protection Research | 2002 | No 2

Abstrakt

The genetic resistance of potato varieties can be utilized to lower the fungicide rates used for plant protection against late blight. The very resistant varieties can be protected with half the rate of fungicide without negative effect on efficiency of the con troi.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Józefa Kapsa

Abstrakt

Orchards are sprayed at the agro-technical speed ranging from 4 to 6 km per hour. The research paid attention to the influence of a higher speed reaching 8 km/h on the quality of orchard trees spraying. Applying higher speed causes a labour efficiency increase while spraying and reduces time of treatment performance. However, increasing the speed should not decrease the quality of leaf coverage with the sprayed liquid. The results of the carried out research indicate a possibility of increasing the working speed without deteriorating the quality of spraying in dwarf orchards.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Andrzej Gajtkowski

Abstrakt

The paper presents the results of plor experimenrs on susceptibility of 4 culrivars of fiber flax: Alba, Bel inka, Nike and Wiko ro broad-leaved weed herbicides (chlorsulfuron, benrazon + MCPA) and graminicides (haloksylop-R, chizalofop P, and seroxidim), used as single or mixtures, The experiments were conducted on rwo soil suitability complexes in the years 1994--1996. The culrivars Alba and Wiko were more susceptible ro herbicides than Nike and Belinka. More susceptible Alba and Wiko showed faster phenological developmenr as compared to two other cultivars, especially in the first period of growing season (from germination ro the stage of fast growth). Herbicides had more phytotoxic effeet on flax planes on light soil than on other ones. The most phytotoxic effect on res red cultivars, leading ro a reduction of scurched fiber yield, was observed for the mixture of haloksylop-R + chlorsulfuron and benrazon + MCPA followed by setoxidim ar 7-day inrerval. Higher yields of most flax cultivars were observed when flax was sprayed with chlorsulfuron herbicides followed by one of the reseed graminicides (haloksylop-R, chizalofop P or setoxidim) after seven days from application of chlorsulfuron. The cultivar Nike has been found to be the most resistant to reseed herbicides. Application of chemical methods of weed conrrol for cultivation of this cultivar resuited in an increase of long yield of scurched fiber. The herbicides reseed in the experiment usually had a beneficial effect on the quality of flax scurched fiber, especially in case of Alba and Wiko culrivars.
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Krzysztof Heller
Kazimierz Adamczewski
Mirosław Nanaszko

Abstrakt

Experiment was conducted twice: in spring of 1999 and 2000. Two greenhouse cucumber varieties (Aramis and Corona) with different susceptibility to spider mires were employed to compare the harmfulness of the two-spotted spider mite and the carmine spider mite. Effects of the rwo-spotted spider mite and the carmine spider mite feeding either on the fruit production or on the content of some organic compounds were measured. Moreover, development of spatially separated populations of the two-spotted spider mite and the carmine spider mite was analysed. Two abiotic parameters were taken into account: temperature and sunlight duration. Increment of the carmine spider mite population density was faster during the season of higher temperature and sunlight duration (spring of 2000). Differences in the development of rwo-spotted spider mite were not observed. The increase of fruit weight was closely correlated with increase of densiry of spider mires. The feeding of relatively low populations of the carmine spider mite (up to 5-7 mobile stages per leaf) stimulated the weight increase of fruits collected from Aramis and Corona varieties. The feeding of rwo-spotted spider mite and the carmine spider mire affected the distribution of organic compounds produced in plants. In quire severely infested leaves (2-3 damage level of De Ponti scale) rota! amount of sugars and phenolic compounds increased as compared ro control leaves.
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Paweł Bichra
Anna Tomczyk

Abstrakt

A method for obtaining of alkaloid preparations (A, fraction and pure alkaloid perchlorates ofA5 one) from bitter lupin (Lupinus albus L. cv. Bac) extract and evaluation of their usefulness for plant protection are described. The activity of the extract as well as its fraction A, and two major alkaloids of A3 one was tested on pests such as large cabbage white (Pieris brassicae L.) and small cabbage white (Pieris rapae L.) fed with leaves of cabbage treated with these preparations. Fractionation of the extract to obtain A, fraction and alkaloids perch I orates ofA3 one has been sufficient to eliminate impurities that may potentially cause undesirable by-effects in biological tests. Significant changes in various stages of development of insects were observed. Generally, fraction A, of lupin extract caused decrease in mass of fed feed as well as weight of objects observed. Furthermore, numerous visible damages of fed larvae and pupae that caused their inability to generate normal imagines (butterflies) were observed. Perchlorates of lupanine and 13-hydroxylupanine derived from lupin extract A3 fraction have not shown that effect, particularly on P. brassicae. Above supports an evidence that only natural bioconjugates of active substance may perform strong biological activity. In spite of similarity of tested insect species considerable differences between them in reaction to preparations were noticed.
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Wojciech Folkman
Justyna Szerechan
Krzysztof Gulewicz

Abstrakt

Phytophthora cinnarnorni dominated among isolates obtained from diseased 9 species of ericaceous plants. Inoculation of leaves or shoot parts by that species resulted in the fast development of necrosis. In greenhouse trials the pathogen caused root and shoot rot within 10-12-week-growth. The source of isolate had significant influence on the development of Phytophthora rot.
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Leszek B. Orlikowski
Grażyna Szkuta
Słowa kluczowe: aphids potato viruses

Abstrakt

The investigations were carried out at Bonin during I 996-1999. The aim of the study was the comparison of PVY, PVS, PVM and PLRV infection pressure in different periods of growing season. The PVY pressure was the greatest. The mean (of 4 years) infection was 32%. Evidently lower infection was observed for PVS (19%) and PVM (7%) and extremely low for PLRV (only O.Ol%). The most intense spread of PVY, PVS and PVM took place from second IO days of July until first ten days of August.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Michał Kostiw

Abstrakt

The purpose of applying an additional air flux in field sprayers is limiting liquid drift. The flux also influences the quality of plant spraying. Krukowiak Bravo sprayer, produced by Krukowiak Company, was applied in the research on the influence of air flux on the quality of coverage ofwinter wheat (Sakwa variety). The plant coverage was determined using water sensitive papers. The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the influence of air volume discharged by the air sleeve equipped sprayer and air induction nozzles on the coverage of the plant. The spray coverage ofwheat with ID 120-03 Lechler nozzles was satisfactory, both in case of conventional and air assisted applications.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Andrzej Gajtkowski

Abstrakt

The purpose of this paper is to estimate levels of pesticide residues present on or in greenhouse vegetables of che south-eastern Poland. Samples taken by trained inspectors of Inspectorates of Plant Protection (national monitoring program) and by personnel of the Experimental Station (surveillance programme) were generally analysed unwashed and unpeeled. The results obtained were compared to their MRLs and then were used for che assessment of che long (chronic) and short-term (acute) exposure of adult consumers. Detectable residues (above limie of determination) were found in 45%, 36%, and 20% of che tomato, pepper and cucumber samples (national monitoring program), respectively, and in 78%, and 52% of che tomato and cucumber samples (surveillance programme). Long-term intake of residues by an adult consumer of the south-eastern Poland did not exceed the level of 0.2% of che ADI, indicating that sufficient margin of safety exist for the consumer. From shore-term exposure, only consumption of tomatoes containing DTCs and chlorochalonil residues were close to levels of respective ADIs.
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Stanisław Sadło
Ewa Szpyrka

Abstrakt

The ultrastructural changes in leaf cells of Chenopodium quinoa caused by Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV) infection have been investigated in electronmicroscopic studies. The techniques of negative staining and embedding sections from leaves in epoxy resin were applied. ArMV virions have been found in the cytoplasm and either singularly scattered or forming different arrangements in the vacuoles as well. Tubules with virions have been observed only rarely. Two types of inclusions have been identified and their structure illustrated. Ultrastructural changes in leaf cells of C. quinoa caused by ArMV infection are partially similar and partially different from those occurring on Phaseolus vulgaris plants infected with ArMV. It might suggest that some ultrastructural changes are typical for the virus and some are characteristic for the host plant.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Lidia Zielińska
Henryk Pospieszny

Abstrakt

Teviotdale B.L., Michailides T.J., Pscheidt J.W. (eds.) 2002. Compendium of Nut Crop Diseases in Temperate Zones. APS Press - The American Phytopathological Society. St. Paul, Minnesota, USA. 86 pp. ISBN 0-89054-284-8.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Jerzy J. Lipa

Abstrakt

KouI O., Dhalival G.S. (eds.). Microbial Biopesticides. Taylor & Francis, London and New York, 340 pp. ISBN 0-415-27213-0.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Jerzy J. Lipa

Instrukcja dla autorów

Instructions for Authors

Manuscripts published in JPPR are free of charge. Only colour figures and photos are payed 61.5 € per one colour page JPPR publishes original research papers, short communications, critical reviews, and book reviews covering all areas of modern plant protection. Subjects include phytopathological virology, bacteriology, mycology and applied nematology and entomology as well as topics on protecting crop plants and stocks of crop products against diseases, viruses, weeds, etc. Submitted manuscripts should provide new facts or confirmatory data. All manuscripts should be written in high-quality English. Non-English native authors should seek appropriate help from English-writing professionals before submission. The manuscript should be submitted only via the JPPR Editorial System (http://www.editorialsystem.com/jppr). The authors must also remember to upload a scan of a completed License to Publish (point 4 and a handwritten signature are of particular importance). ALP form is available at the Editorial System. The day the manuscript reaches the editors for the first time is given upon publication as the date ‘received’ and the day the version, corrected by the authors is accepted by the reviewers, is given as the date ‘revised’. All papers are available free of charge at the Journal’s webpage (www.plantprotection.pl). However, colour figures and photos cost 61.5 € per one colour page.

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All text should be written in a concise and integrated way, by focusing on major points, findings, breakthrough or discoveries, and their broad significance. All running text should be in Times New Roman 12, 1.5 spacing with all margins 2.5 cm on all sides.

Original article

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Rapid communications should present brief observations which do not warrant the length of a full paper. However, they must present completed studies and follow the same scientific standards as original articles. Rapid communications should contain the following sections: Title Abstract - less than 300 words Key words - maximum 6 Text body Acknowledgements References The length of such submissions is limited to 1500 words for the text, one table, and one figure.

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Review articles are invited by the editors.Unsolicited reviews are also considered. The length is limited to 5000 words with no limitations on figures and tables and a maximum of 150 references. Mini-Review articles should be dedicated to "hot" topics and limited to 3000 words and a maximum two figures, two tables and 20 references.

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