Studia KPZK

Cohesion Policy of European Union after 2020. After accession to EU in 2004 European cohesion policy become key source of financing regional development in Poland. In first part of this paper regional context of EU cohesion policy is presented. In second part issues of current architecture of cohesion policy for 2014-2020 are tackled, also importance of Europe 2020 strategy is shown. In third part expected changes in European cohesion policy post 2020 and key outlines concerning negotiation position of Poland are developed.

Selected Legal Regulations and Cultural Aspects of Urban Development. Nowadays, the issue of urban development belongs to key elements of development in general. Urban development is a multifaceted phenomenon (covering economic, social, administrative, promotional, ecological and a number of other aspects). They are too numerous to discuss them in one short article. For this reason this paper is dedicated only to the phenomena regulated by law: physical planning, suburbanization (initially called urban sprawl), monument conservation and – additionally – culture (as a factor influencing the legal regulations). The key hypothesis is that developers are not the only ones to blame for the way the country looks. This hypothesis has generally been corroborated.

The Complexity of Economic Space. Two notions should be distinguished: complication and complexity. The first, is conceived as the quantitative escalation of what is theoretically reducible, e.g. one directional hierarchical structure and circular action. The second, are systems formed by great number of elements combined in a nonlinear way in interactions with many other elements. Then, such systems cannot by reduced to simple elements, like atoms in chemical matter. Examples are: human individuals, brains, ecosystems, economy, cities and regions. Complex systems are characterized a.o. by the following features: intensive interactions, feedbacks, nonlinearities, fluctuation, self-reinforcing, accumulation, emergence, alternate hierarchical systems, path dependence, coevolution. Some of them are presented in this paper.

Ecological Awareness and Social Capital and Implementation of Sustainable Development. The importance of social commitment to sustainable development and the need of forming of the homo cooperativus attitude are underlined in the principles of sustainable economics. Environmental awareness and social capital are two key factors that influence the implementation of sustainable development. The main aim of the article is to analyze of both concepts definitions and to indicate the relationship between them. It also classifies social attitudes resulting from the level of social capital and ecological awareness.

Territorisation of Intervention and Use of Endogenic Potentials in Mazovia Development Politics. Mazovia is developing rapidly in comparison to other European regions. It is also the most competitive region in Poland. Nevertheless, it is subject to a serious development duality. The regional policy to date has not been successful in curbing the increasing intraregional disparities. The article serves to indicate possible directions of Mazovia’s development which are worthy of support and fit into the Europe 2020 development model as well as the new EU regional policy paradigm. The adaptation of intervention to the differing parts of Mazovia so as to make use and develop their various endogenic potentials seems to be the right approach to increasing the region’s competitiveness and ensuring a decent standard of life in all its parts.

The Reduction of Economic Dualism of Mazowieckie Voivodeship in 2007-2015 Using Regional Operation Programme for the Mazowieckie Voivodeship 2007-2013.The existence of social and economic dualism is widely discussed in numerous regions of Poland and Europe. This results from the natural structure of a region, which usually consists of one or two growth centres and peripheral areas. It leads to the emergence of inequalities, which cause a political pressure to redistribute income in order to ensure sustainable development. This discussion is particularly important in the Mazovian Voivodeship. Thus, the purpose of this study is to develop the existing findings concerning the social and economic dualism of the region. The main aim specified in the Voivodeship Development Strategy is to eliminate spatial inequalities. This paper is an attempt to broaden the knowledge on reducing the dualism in the voivodeship resulting from the implementation of the Regional Operational Programme for the Mazovian Voivodeship 2007-2013, which was one of the most crucial development tools. The analysis was conducted in terms of territory, sectors and the labour market.

CSR on Mazovia – Institutional Dimension. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is defined as the responsibility of enterprises for their impacts on society. For the effective implementation of this concept are very important institutions, understood as a permanent (legal, organizational and customary) determinants of repetitive human behaviour and peopleto- people interaction. Institutions can therefore be both organisations that promotes this concept and CSR projects or strategies. The aim of the article is to review the thesis that the Mazovia is the driving force of the development of CSR in Poland, carried out on the basis of desk and web research. By evaluating the degree of institutionalisation of CSR in Mazovia, based on an analysis of the activities of the various sectors in this field, it was found that most activities for the implementation of this concept is undertaken in Mazovia, and many of them have coverage nationwide.

Local and Regional Policy in the Light of Depopulation – Example of Silesian Voivodeship. Decreasing number of population along with demographic ageing create significant developing challenges in the labour market, in housing, social infrastructure, education and in many other areas. This applies in particular to the areas in which significant intensification of depopulation is already observed or expected to occur. Therefore, it should be considered when local and regional policies are being created, and it should be reflected in development strategies formulated for each area. The goal of the article is to determine whether the formulated development strategies reflect the real needs arising from the observed social processes and how precisely they reflect local and regional policies. This problem is illustrated by the example of the Silesia Voivodeship.

LFA Payments as an Instrument for Preventing the Depopulation of Rural Areas in Poland. Farms situated in the less favoured areas (LFA) are faced with difficulties of a landform, poor quality soil, small areas of agricultural land, a low production scale, low labour productivity, depopulation, a change in the demographic structure, defeminisation, lack of successors and a negative balance of migration. These social difficulties significantly affect the operation of agricultural holdings. Aid in the form of payments seems to be justified as the temporary prevention from the escalation of these problems. The main objective of the LFA activity under the Rural Areas Development Programme 2007-2013 was to provide equal opportunities for the development of farms located in the areas with environmental conditions unfavourable for farming. These payments are the compensation for an income loss due to environmental difficulties and they are expected to counteract the depopulation of rural areas. The research sought to determine the influence of the LFA payments on a reduction of depopulation in rural areas in Poland in the years 2007-2013. The research showed that the subsidies limited the population outflow from rural areas, i.e. they increased the probability of maintaining farms.

Spatial Structures of Financial Transfers to the Budgets of Municipalities in Poland in 2007-2015. The purpose of the submitted paper was to analyse and assess the budgetary income of local self-government units in Poland. The scope of the study was focused on the main categories of revenue being transferred from the state budget to municipal budgets, which were significantly influencing the financing of public tasks at the local level. On the basis of the conducted research it can be stated that the increase of the income of municipalities due to participation in personal income tax, which significantly influenced the incomes of municipalities, should be considered as particularly important. This phenomenon was undoubtedly the result of the influence of many economic, social, legal and administrative factors. It was particularly related to the increase in the income of citizens and indirectly to the improvement of the income situation of enterprises. The observed general increase in the part of incomes of the municipalities acquired as a share of the state budget revenues was also an important positive reflection of a number of significant changes introduced in the period of socio-economic transition in Poland.

Metholodogy of Conclusions Evaluation as a Barrier for Getting Finansing of Innovations in SME. The main aim of this article was to identify the barriers arising from the proposals for the definition of innovation adopted for evaluation. The subject of the study was the methodology of evaluation of applications for co-financing under European Union funds, the sub-measure „Industrial research and development by enterprises”. Complicated procedures and the lack of access to reliable information result in the need to use third-party services when preparing applications. In addition, projects that are highly competitive are favored, but are not always the most innovative. Another problem is the approach to the definition of innovation. The so-called the Oslo methodology was last updated in 2005. The methodology adopted is also not adequate to the current situation in the IT service landscape.

The Distinctness of the Workers Settlement as a Housing Estate of the City – Ruda Śląska Case Study. The paper shows the issue of the workers settlements autonomy as a housing estate. The study was conducted in Ruda Śląska town, because this town is a typical example of the multicenter town developed in the era of workers settlements industrialization. A significant number of patronage settlements allowed to try to determine their distinctiveness in respect of their neighborhood or related to town district. Researched issue was presented by three aspects: indicating the urban and architectural contrasts, studying of the internal urban pattern of settlements and by indicating the specific nature of backyards in the workers settlements complexes. Detailed studies were related to urban interiors and their infrastructure and organization in the context of social relations. Contemporary the workers settlements are an important heritage of the industrial period in Ruda Śląska town and in others Upper Silesian towns, and they are often characterized by interesting urban-architectural values. Unfortunately, the most of the researched settlements have never been modernized, and therefore they are systematic degrade, both in housing substance and public spaces.

Housing Stock and Its Public Dimension in the Role of Infrastructure of Durable Development. Only the reciprocal composition and location of buildings and their inhabitants in relation to the location of settlement infrastructure and other spatial development components can give housing stock a public dimension. The importance of the public impact of the housing stock on civilization development results mainly from the multifaceted role of the standards of its settlement in the shaping of inhabited space. Appreciating this impact can help build a necessary community of people living in common social and settlement structures. The importance of housing policy in balancing the development of living space is highlighted by the current structural crisis of the capitalist economy. The underestimated field of overcoming this crisis is the public dimension of housing stock. The presented reasoning subordinated to such thinking is part of a wider narrative combining architectural, urban, planning and sociological issues.

Dynamics of Changes in the Resources of Communal Flats of the Communes of Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodeship. The aim of this article is to show the dynamics of changes in the communal housing stock of the communes of Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodeship and the assessment of the changes. For the purposes of this objective, all the communes of Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodeship (N = 116) were analyzed, taking into account their division into urban, rural and urban-rural communities. Data taken for analysis come from the Local Data Bank of the Central Statistical Office and cover the years 2009, 2013 and 2015. In order to show changes in the communal housing stock of the Warmia and Mazury Region, seven indicators were described and the figures were presented on the maps. The obtained results allowed us to conclude that the changes taking place in the communal housing stock of the communes of Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodeship are small. These changes, despite their small scale, are negative. The density of municipal housing stock is decreasing, and hence their availability, and existing resources are not repaired. The worst situation occurs in rural communities, the best in urban-rural communities.

Public Supply of Rental Housing under The National Housing Program – Possible Scenarios of Changes in the Rental Market. The aim of the study is to conduct analyzes of possible scenarios of changes in the housing sector after launching the Plus Apartment Program. Therefore, the purpose of housing policy should be to increase the availability of apartments in the form of rental. The research problem is the answer to the following questions: Is it feasible to intervene in the construction market to increase rental supply? What impact on the private rental market may have on the supply of public housing about the rent lower than the market? What impact can the supply of housing under the Plus Apartment Program on the investment and rental of housing for social building society? In which municipalities and on what scale should I implement the Plus Apartment Program? The study hypothesized that the impact of the public supply of apartments for rent under the Plus Apartment Program on residential markets will depend on local conditions of market development and local housing situation.

Dependence Between the Residential Area Type and the Sense of Security. The Case of Poznań. The need for safety is one of the most important needs of every person. The sense of security level depends to a great extent on the place of residence. The study aims at showing the relationship between the residential area type and the sense of security in Poznań. The author uses the results of the survey on the crime risk conducted among Poznań inhabitants and assess the sense of security level of the following types of residential area: tenement houses area, blockhouses area, dettached houses area and the city center. In the opinion of inhabitants, the highest sense of security level was in the dettached house area. The following positions included: the city center and the blockhouses area. The lowest sense of security level was characteristic for the tenement houses area. The time of the day was at great importance in the context of respondents assessments, during the day the sense of security level was higher than at night, regardless to the residential area type.