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Number of results: 10285
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Abstract

Heat transfer and aerodynamic drag of novel small-sized heat sinks with lamellar fins, designed for electronic cooling, were experimentally investigated under conditions of forced convection in the range of Reynolds numbers 1 250–10 500. It was found that a gradual reduction in the fin spacing from 6 mm to 3 mm with a 29° angle of taper between the outermost fins leads to an increase in the heat transfer intensity by 15–32% with a significant increase in aerodynamic drag compared to the surface with a constant fin spacing of 6 mm. Incomplete cross-section cutting of fins at the relative depth of 0.6 in addition to the gradual reduction in the fin spacing provides aerodynamic drag decrease by 5–20% and increase of heat transfer intensity by 18–20% in comparison with the similar heat sink without fins cutting. Proposed novel designs of heat sinks enabled us to decrease by 7°С–16°С the maximum overheating of the heat sink's base in the flow speed range from 2.5 m/s to 7.5 m/s at constant heat load. To ensure a constant value of maximum overheating of the heat sink base the inlet flow velocity for the surface with constant fin spacing should be 1.6–2 times higher than that for the heat sink with 29° taper angle between outermost fins and partially fins cutting. In this case, the aerodynamic drag for the latter will be higher only by 1.6–2.7 times, which is quite acceptable.
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Authors and Affiliations

Aleksandr Terekh
1
Aleksandr Rudenko
1
Yevhenii Alekseik
1

  1. National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Educational and Scientific Institute of Atomic and Thermal Energy, 37, Beresteisky Av., Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine
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Abstract

This work examines biochar from carbonization of grape waste, and oat and buckwheat husks at 450ºC. The main aspects of the work concern the analysis of the fixed carbon and ash content in accordance with the European Standard. Obtained results showed that biochar from oat and buckwheat husk can be used for barbeque charcoal and barbeque charcoal bri-quettes production, whereas biochar derived from grape waste can be used for the charcoal briquettes production. Thermo-gravimetric analysis showed that biochar from grape stalk is characterized by the highest ignition and burnout performance, but in relation to the remaining samples, combustion process occurs in a narrow range of time and temperature. Obtained results showed that biochar from oat and buckwheat husks has properties, as well as combustion stability and reactivity, similar to commercial charcoal.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jacek Kluska
1
Jakub Ramotowski
2

  1. Insittute of Fluid Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, Fiszera 14, 80-231 Gdańsk, Poland
  2. Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering and EkoTech Center, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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Abstract

The objective of the present work is to examine the characteristics of unsteady incompressible magnetohydrodynamic fluid flow around a permeable rotating vertical cone. The effects of thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, and the Soret and Dufour effects are investigated in the analysis of heat and mass transfer. The viscosity of the fluid is considered inversely proportional to the temperature, and the thermal conductivity of the fluid is considered directly proportional to the temper-ature. The governing equations are converted into ordinary differential equations using suitable similarity transformations, which are then solved numerically using bvp4c from MATLAB. Results obtained in this study are in excellent correlation with previously conducted studies. The results demonstrate that the Dufour and Soret effects subsequently reduce the heat transit rate (by –3.3%) and mass transit rate (by –1.2%) of the system. It is also detected that fluids with higher viscosity tend to increase tangential skin friction (+8.9%) and azimuthal skin friction (+8.3%). The heat transit rate of the system is found to be more efficient for fluids with higher viscosity and lower thermal conductivity and Eckert numbers. Further-more, the thickness of the momentum, thermal, and concentration boundary layers significantly reduces while the heat and mass transit rates (+17.8% and +18.3%, respectively) of the system become more efficient for greater values of the un-steadiness parameter.
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Authors and Affiliations

Temjennaro Jamir
1
Hemanta Konwar
1

  1. Kohima Science College, Jotsoma, Kohima 797001, India
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Abstract

This paper presents numerical results for flow behavior between a cold inner cylinder and a hot outer cylinder. Both cyl-inders are placed horizontally. The space separating the two compartments is completely filled with a fluid of a complex rheological nature. In addition, the outer container is subjected to a constant and uniform rotational speed. The results of this work were obtained after solving the differential equations for momentum and energy. The parameters studied in this research are: the intensity of thermal buoyancy, the speed of rotation of the outer container and the rheological nature of the fluid. These elements are expressed mathematically by the following values: Richardson number (Ri = 0 and 1), Reyn-olds number (Re = 1 to 40), power-law number (n = 0.8, 1 and 1.4) and Prandtl number (Pr = 50). The results showed that the speed of rotation of the cylinder and the rheological nature of the fluids have an effective role in the process of heat transfer. For example, increasing the rotational speed of the enclosure and/or changing the nature of fluid from shear-thickening into shear-thinning fluid improves the thermal transfer rate.
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Authors and Affiliations

Abdeljalil Benmansour
1
Houssem Laidoudi
1

  1. Laboratory of Sciences and Marine Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, USTO-MB, BP 1505, El-Menaouer, Oran, 31000, Algeria
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Abstract

Based on the finite element simulation software ANSYS Workbench, this study reports the thermal characteristics of a high-speed motorized spindle. The temperature field distribution and axial thermal deformation of the motorized spindle are then detected on an experimental platform. A comparison between the experimental and simulation results revealed the temperature rise of the motorized spindle during the working process. Under steady-state conditions of the working mo-torized spindle, the temperatures of the front bearing, rear bearing and stator were determined as 20°C, approximately 30°C and 25°C, respectively. The axial thermal elongation of the motorized spindle is approximately 10 μm.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wei Zhang
1
ORCID: ORCID
Huaqiao Jiang
2

  1. China Light Industry Plastic Mold Engineering Technology Research Center, Ningbo Polytechnic, Ningbo 315800, China; Ningbo Shuaitelong Group Co., Ltd, Ningbo 315000, China
  2. Ningbo Shuaitelong Group Co., Ltd, Ningbo 315000, China
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Abstract

Carbon capture and sequestration from a stationary source comprises four distinct engineering processes: separation of CO2 from the other flue gases, compression, transportation, and injection into the chosen storage site. An analysis of the thermodynamic and transport properties of CO2 shows that dissolving this gas in seawater at depths more than 600 m is, most likely, an optimal long-term storage method; and that for transportation, the CO2 must be in the denser supercritical state at pressures higher than 7.377 MPa. The separation, compression, transportation, and injection processes require significant energy expenditures, which are determined in this paper using realistic equipment efficiencies, for the cases of two currently in operation coal power plants in Texas. The computations show that the total energy requirements for carbon removal and sequestration are substantial, close to one-third of the energy currently generated by the two power plants. The cost analysis shows that two parameters – the unit cost of the pipeline and the discount factor of the corporation – have a very significant effect on the annualized cost of the CCS process. Doubling the unit cost of the pipeline increases the total annualized cost of the entire CCS project by 36% and increasing the discount rate from 5% to 15% increases this annualized cost by 32%.
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Authors and Affiliations

Efstathios E. Michaelides
1

  1. Department of Engineering, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA
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Abstract

This study aims to investigate and compare the thermal performance of a solar air heater using a passive technique to enhance heat transfer between the absorber plate and the flowing fluid. The technique involves generating turbulence near the heat transferring surface through the use of artificial rib roughness. The study focuses on two different novel roughness geome-tries: full symmetrical arc rib roughness and half symmetrical arc rib roughness. By introducing additional gaps and varying the number of gaps in the roughness geometries, the study examines their effects on the solar air heaters thermal performance. The artificially roughened surface creates different turbulent zones, which are essential to the development of different types of turbulence in the vicinity of the heat transferring surface. The study finds that an optimal escalation in Nusselt number and friction factor by 2.36 and 3.45 times, respectively, occurs at certain gap numbers as 6 and ng as 5 for full symmetrical arc rib roughness. The maximum thermal-hydraulic performance parameter of 1.66 is attained at a Reynolds number of 6 000. The study also conducts correlation, mathematical modeling, and performance prediction under different operating circumstances.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jitendra Singh
1
Atul Lanjewar
1

  1. MANIT, Bhopal 462033, India
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Abstract

This research article aims to provide a detailed numerical study of the multifaceted impact of S-shaped and broken arc roughness on solar air heaters. Therefore, a strong comparison was made between the modified heaters and smooth heaters for Reynolds numbers ranging from 2 00022 000. Also, the impact of two parameters, i.e. pitch and gap was analyzed to optimize the performance of the heater. The gap varies from 0.3 mm to 0.9 mm in both types of ribs with a step size of 0.2 mm. Afterwards, the pitch distance between both types of roughness was varied from 15 mm to 25 mm in the step size of 5 mm. Notably, it has been observed that among all the considered configurations, the gap length of 0.9 mm and pitch length of 25 mm have shown significant improvements in heat transfer characteristics. The specific combination of the gap of 0.9 mm and pitch of 25 mm has demonstrated better heat transfer capabilities at the expense of an increased friction factor. Lastly, the thermal performance factor of the systems was analyzed and reported. It was reported that the pitch length of 25 mm and gap length of 0.9 mm have shown a maximum thermal performance factor value from 2.9 to 3.3, while the pitch length of 25 mm and gap length of 0.3 mm have depicted the lowest thermal performance factor value. In terms of the overall performance, i.e. the thermal performance factor, the combination with a gap of 0.9 mm and pitch of 25 mm has shown the best performance, while a gap of 0.3 mm and pitch of 25 mm has yielded the worst performance.
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Authors and Affiliations

Shivam Haldia
1
Vijay Singh Bisht
1
Prabhakar Bhandari
2
Lalit Ranakoti
3
Akashdeep Negi
3

  1. Department of Thermal Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Veer Madho Singh Bhandari Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand-248007, India
  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, K. R. Mangalam University, Gurgaon, Haryana-122103, India
  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graphic Era Deemed to University, Clement Town, Dehradun, Uttarakhand-248002, India
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Abstract

Building heating is an indispensable part of people's winter life in cold regions, but energy conservation and emission reduction should also be taken into account during the heating process. This paper provides a concise overview of the heating system based on air-source heat pump radiant floor and its control strategy. It also optimizes a control system based on thermal comfort and energy efficiency ratio, and analyzes a room in Xining City, Qinghai Province, to test the heating system performance under two control strategies. The final results show that under the traditional control strategy, the cumulative working time of the heating system within a day was 15 hours, the average indoor temperature was 17.36℃, the temperature standard deviation was 2.08℃, and the average power consumption was 189.6 kWh. Under the improved control strategy, the cumulative working time of the heating system within a day was reduced to 10 hours, the average indoor temperature was 18.56℃, the temperature standard deviation was 0.92℃, and the average power consumption was 132.5 kWh.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wanting He
1
Hai Huang
2

  1. Chongqing Industry Polytechnic College, Yubei, Chongqing 401120, China
  2. Chongqing Vocational Institute of Engineering JiangJin Chongqing 402260, China
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Abstract

The objective of this work is to propose a thermal model for predicting the average air temperature inside the passenger cabin of a small-sized car that uses an HVAC system. The adopted model is a lumped parameter model that accounts for nine heat sources acting on the cabin. Additionally, the model presents a methodology for calculating the temperature at the evaporator outlet considering a linear temperature drop between its inlet and outlet as a function of sensitive heat, latent heat, evaporator input temperature, absolute humidity, enthalpy and specific heat. Sixteen experimental tests were con-ducted on a commercial vehicle under various operating conditions to validate the presented model. The maximum average relative deviation between the experimental and theoretical results was 17.73%.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ramon de Paoli Mendes
1
Juan José Garcia Pabon
2
Willian Moreira Duarte
1
Luiz Machado
1

  1. Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte/MG 31270-901, Brazil
  2. Federal University of Itajubá, Av.. BPS, Itajubá/MG 37500 903, Brazil
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Abstract

This article discusses selected aspects of modelling blood flow in the arteries. The method of reproducing the variable-in-time geometry of coronary arteries is given based on a sequence of medical images of different resolutions. Within the defined shapes of the arteries, a technique of generation of numerical meshes of the same topology is described. The boundary conditions and non-Newtonian rheological models used in blood flow are discussed, as well as the description of blood as a multiphase medium. The work also includes a discussion of tests on the phantom of the carotid artery for the accuracy of measurements made using ultrasonography.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ryszard Białecki
1
Wojciech Adamczyk
1
Ziemowit Ostrowski
1

  1. Silesian University of Technology, Department of Thermal Technology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Konarskiego 22, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Abstract

Pressure retarded osmosis is a process that enables useful work generation from the salinity difference of solutions. The literature most often considers using pressure retarded osmosis with natural sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions, such as seawater, dedicated for open systems. To explore the full potential of this process, however, optimized, highly concentrated solutions of various compounds can be used. The presented research is focused on evaluating the impact of increasing draw solution temperature and concentration on the permeate flow in the osmotic process. The permeate flow is directly related to achievable work in this process, therefore, it is important to find feed and draw solution parameters that maximize it. An experimental setup developed in this study provides full control over the process parameters. Furthermore, the performance characteristics of the membrane over process time were investigated, as it became evident during preliminary experiments that the membrane impact is significant. The studies were conducted without back-pressure, in a configuration typical of the forward osmosis process, with solution circulation on both sides of the membrane. The obtained results show a clear positive impact of both the temperature and concentration increase on the potential output of a pressure retarded osmosis system. The membrane behaviour study allowed for correct interpretation of the results, by establishing the dynamics of the membrane degradation process.
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Authors and Affiliations

Fabian Dietrich
1
Łukasz Cieślikiewicz
1
Piotr Furmański
1
Piotr Łapka
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Power and Aeronautical Engineering, 21/25 Nowowiejska St., 00-665 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

Most countries in the world are facing two major challenges, one is the increase in the demand for energy consumption difficult to fulfill because of limited fossil fuel, and the second is the emission norms specified by many countries. Various methods are adopted to reduce emissions from engines but that leads to sacrificing the performance of CI engines. To eradicate this problem in the present study, the nanoparticles like (TiO2) are used with different particle sizes 10–30 nm, 30–50 nm and 50–70 nm induced in B20 (20% biodiesel and 80% diesel) with the constant volume fraction of 100 ppm, and utilized in the diesel engine without any modifications. The results showed that the incorporation of TiO2 nanoparticles improves the combustion of hydrocarbons and reduces the emissions of CO, unburned hydrocarbon concentration, NOx and soot. Moreover, among three sizes of the nanoparticles, those with size 30–50 nm showed interesting results with the reduction in brake-specific energy consumption, NOx, smoke and HC by 2.9%, 16.2%, 35% and 10%, respectively, com-pared to other blends used in the study, and hence the blend with the nanoparticle of size 30–50 nm is expected to be a more promising fuel for commercial application in CI engines.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mohd Mujtaba Ahmed
1
Harveer Singh Pali
1
Mohammad Mohsin Khan
1

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Srinagar, J&K 190006 India
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Abstract

Today, with the high population density of the world, the energy demand is increasing continuously. Global dependency on fossil fuels is very strong and there is a compelling need to reduce our energy consumption in order to offset greenhouse gas emissions. Due to regularly increasing prices of fossil fuels alternative fuels are needed to fulfill the requirements of developing countries like India. Plastics in today's world have become crucial. They are excessively used in industry, as well as in households and other fields due to their lightweight, durability, and design flexibility. Plastic demand is growing day by day, which now poses a huge environmental threat. The current study summarizes the use of WPO (waste plastic oil) in the diesel engine and also concludes the combustion, performance, and emission parameters. After an exhaustive literature search, some interesting results have been found. The study reveals that when using WPO as an alternative source in a diesel engine, the combustion, performance, and emissions are similar to those using conventional diesel fuel. An enhanced BTE (brake thermal efficiency) and reduced emissions of unburned hydrocarbons (UBHC) and carbon monoxide (CO) are reported.
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Authors and Affiliations

Amardeep
1
Rakesh Kumar
2
Naveen Kumar
3

  1. Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, 826004, India; G L Bajaj Institute of Technology and Management, Greater Noida,201306, India
  2. G L Bajaj Institute of Technology and Management, Greater Noida,201306, India
  3. Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India
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Abstract

This study explored the ternary blends of biodiesel-diesel-n-butanol and biodiesel-diesel-n-octanol on common rail direct injec-tion (CRDI) diesel engines. The compositions of fuels, which varied from 0% to 100%, were altered by up to 5%. On the basis of their properties, these blends were chosen, with various concentrations of alcohol at 5% and 10%, 5% diesel, and the remainder being biodiesel. Two ternary fuel blends of waste cooking oil biodiesel (90–85%), diesel (5%), and butanol (5–10%), namely BD90D5B5 and BD85D5B10, and subsequently, another two ternary similar blends of waste cooking oil biodiesel (90–85%), diesel (5%), and octanol (5–10%), namely BD90D5O5 and BD85D5O10, were used to conduct the experiments. The experiments were done with varying injection pressure from 17° to 29° crank angle (CA) before top dead centre (bTDC). The optimum con-dition for the blends is achieved at 26°CA bTDC for 80% loading. So, the engine trials were conducted on 26°CA bTDC to attain the results. The BD90D5O10 blend achieved the lowest brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) reading of 0.308 kg/kWh while operating at full load. The maximum brake thermal efficiency (BTE) was 31.46% for BD90D5B5. The maximum heat release rate (HRR) achieved with BD85D5O5 fuel blend was 58.54 J/°CA. The quantity of carbon monoxide that BD85D5B10 created was the lowest (25.86 g/kWh). BD85D5B10 had a minimal unburned hydrocarbon emission of 0.157 g/kWh while operating at full load. Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) were emitted in the maximum quantity by BD85D5O10, which was equal to 6.01 g/kWh. This study establishes the viability of blends of biodiesel and alcohol as an alternative for petro-diesel in the future to meet the growing global energy demand.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ashish Kumar Singh
1
Harveer Singh Pali
1
Mohammad Mohsin Khan
1

  1. Mechanical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Srinagar, J&K 190006, India
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Abstract

This article investigates the impact of time-dependent magnetohydrodynamics free convection flow of a nanofluid over a non-linear stretching sheet immersed in a porous medium. The combination of water as a base fluid and two different types of nanoparticles, namely aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and copper (Cu) is taken into account. The impacts of thermal radiation, viscous dissipation and heat source/sink are examined. The governing coupled non-linear partial differential equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations using suitable similarity transformations. The solutions of the prin-cipal equations are computed in closed form by applying the MATLAB bvp4c method. The velocity and temperature pro-files, as well as the skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number, are discussed through graphs and tables for various flow parameters. The current simulations are suitable for the thermal flow processing of magnetic nanomaterials in the chemical engineering and metallurgy industries. From the results, it is noticed that the results of copper nanofluid have a better impact than those of aluminium nanofluid.
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Authors and Affiliations

Joel Mathews
1
Talla Hymavathi
2

  1. Dept. of Mathematics, Krishna University, Machilipatnam, 521 004, A.P, India
  2. Dept. of Mathematics, University College of Science and Technology, Adikavi Nannaya University, Rajamahendravaram, 533 296, A.P, India
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Abstract

The two-stage ejector mixing-diffuser section in this study was computed using the Redlich-Kwong equation of state. The ejector was designed based on the constant rate of kinetic energy change (CRKEC) approach. The water vapor mixing diffuser profile and flow properties were calculated using a one-dimensional gas dynamic model. For the numerical investigation, the estimated geometrical profile based on the input design and operating conditions was utilized. ANSYS-Fluent 14.0 was em-ployed for the numerical study. The analysis was conducted under both on-design and off-design scenarios using the standard k-ε turbulence model. The impact of operating factors on flow behavior and entrainment ratios was investigated at off-design conditions. The findings demonstrated that the operational total pressures of the primary, secondary, and exit flows are a function of the two-stage ejector (TSE) entrainment ratio. With a higher exit pressure and more secondary/entrained flows, the entrain-ment ratio increases. However, altering the primary flow pressure in ways other than for the design conditions reduces the entrainment ratio.
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Authors and Affiliations

Virendra Kumar
1
ORCID: ORCID
Surendra Kumar Yadav
2
Anil Kumar
3
ORCID: ORCID
Nishant Kumar Singh
4
Lalta Prasad
5

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering. Harcourt Butler technical University, Kanpur 208002, India
  2. Yadavb, Surendra Kumar: Department of Mechanical Engineering. K R Mangalam University, Gurugram 122001, India
  3. Department of Mechanical Engineeringg. KNIT, Sultanpur 228118, India
  4. Singha, Nishant Kumar: Department of Mechanical Engineering. Harcourt Butler technical University, Kanpur 208002, India
  5. Department of Mechanical Engg. NIT, Uttrakhand 246174, India
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Abstract

Production and assessment of artillery firing tables (FT) are the key tasks in solving ballistic problems through both standard and non-standard firing conditions. According to the literature, two different standard firing table formats were developed by the former-Soviet and the United States armies. This study proposes the main difference between these FT formats, as the standard meteorological conditions. An accuracy assessment has been proposed to justify different sources of errors through modeling and production of such tables, including applied meteorological message, aiming angles round-off, linear superposition principle, and Earth approximation. A~case study has been proposed for the 155M107 projectile to demonstrate the impact of the Coriolis effect as well as other ballistic and atmospheric non-standard conditions. As a part of the construction of artillery FT, a fitting process has to be made between available firing data and simulations. Therefore, a parametric study is implemented to study the number of test elevations per charge needed through the fitting process and its corresponding production error. Hence, based on the number of test elevations available, the genetic algorithm (GA) has been utilized to obtain the test elevations order needed with minimum FT production error. The results show a good agreement with the data stated in the literature.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Mostafa Khalil
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Aerospace Engineering Department, Military Technical College, Cairo, Egypt
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine how the change of glass laminate fibres to flax fibres will affect the stability of thin-walled angle columns. Numerical analyses were conducted by the finite element method. Short L-shaped columns with different configurations of reinforcing fibres and geometric parameters were tested. The axially compressed structures were simply supported on both ends. The lowest two bifurcation loads and their corresponding eigenmodes were determined. Several configurations of unidirectional fibre arrangement were tested. Moreover, the influence of a flange width change by ±100% and a column length change by ±33% on the bifurcation load of the compressed structure was determined. It was found that glass laminate could be successfully replaced with a bio-laminate with flax fibres. Similar results were obtained for both materials. For the same configuration of fibre arrangement, the flax laminate showed a lower sensitivity to the change in flange width than the glass material. However, the flax laminate column showed a greater sensitivity to changes in length than the glass laminate one. In a follow-up study, selected configurations will be tested experimentally.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jarosław Gawryluk
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Applied Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Poland
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Abstract

The automotive industry requires more and more light materials with good strength and formability at the same time. The answer to this type of demands are, among others, aluminium alloys of the 6xxx series, which are characterized by a high strength-to-weight ratio and good corrosion resistance. Different material state can affect formability of AlMgSi sheets. These study analysed the influence of heat treatment conditions on the drawability of the sheet made of 6082 aluminium alloy. The studies on mechanical properties and plastic anisotropy for three orientations (0, 45, 90°) with respect to the rolling direction were carried out. The highest plasticity was found for the material in the 0 temper condition. The influence of heat treatment conditions on the sheet drawability was analysed using the Erichsen, Engelhardt-Gross, Fukui and AEG cupping tests. It was found that the material state influenced the formability of the sheet. In the case of bulging, the sheet in the annealed state was characterized by greater drawability, and in the deep drawing process, greater formability was found for the naturally aged material.
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Authors and Affiliations

Łukasz Kuczek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Mroczkowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Paweł Turek
1

  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, Cracow, Poland
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Abstract

This study developed an ankle rehabilitation device for post-stroke patients. First, the research models and dynamic equations of the device are addressed. Second, the Sliding Mode Controller for the ankle rehabilitation device is designed, and the device's response is simulated on the software MATLAB. Third, the ankle rehabilitation device is successfully manufactured from aluminum and uses linear actuators to emulate dorsiflexion and plantarflexion exercises for humans. The advantages of the device are a simple design, low cost, and mounts onto rehabilitative equipment. The device can operate fast through experiments, has a foot drive mechanism overshoot of 0°, and a maximum angle error of 1°. Moreover, the rehabilitation robot can operate consistently and is comfortable for stroke patients to use. Finally, we will fully develop the device and proceed to clinical implementation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Minh Duc Dao
1
ORCID: ORCID
Xuan Tuy Tran
2
Dang Phuoc Pham
1
Quoc Anh Ngo
1
Thi Thuy Tram Le
3

  1. Faculty Technology and Engineering, The Pham Van Dong University, Quang Ngai, Vietnam
  2. Faculty Technology of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Danang – University of Science and Technology, Danang, Vietnam
  3. The Faculty Electronic-Electrical, The Quang Nam College, Quang Nam, Vietnam
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Abstract

The paper presents an off-line application that determines the maximum accuracy of the reference points for the given dynamics parameters of a CNC machine. These parameters are maximum speed, acceleration, and JERK. The JERK parameter determines the rate of change of acceleration. These parameters are defined for each working axis of the machine. The main achievement of the algorithm proposed in the article is the determination of the smallest error specified for each reference point resulting from the implemented G-code for the considered dynamic parameters of the CNC machine. The solutions to this problem in industry consider the improvement in the accuracy of hitting the reference points, but they do not provide information on whether the obtained solution is optimal for such parameters of the machine dynamics. The algorithm makes the accuracy dependent on the adopted dynamic parameters of the machine and the parameters of the PLC controller used in the CNC machine.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bogdan Kwiatkowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tadeusz Kwater
2
ORCID: ORCID
Damian Mazur
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jacek Bartman
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Fundamentals, Rzeszow University of Technology, ul. W. Pola 2, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
  2. Institute of Technical Engineering, State University of Technology and Economics in Jaroslaw, ul. Czarnieckiego 16, 37-500 Jaroslaw, Poland
  3. University of Rzeszow, ul. Rejtana 16C, Rzeszow, Poland
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the pollution level of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and selected chloroorganic pesticides (HCH isomers, DDT and its metabolites, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, endosulfan I and II, and methoxychlor) in surface sediments from selected fjords, tidal plains and lakes from the North Svalbard area. The sediments were collected from 34 sampling stations in July 2005. Only endosulfan I and methoxychlor, among selected chloroorganic pesticides, were measured in concentrations near detection limit (LoD) in fourteen sediment samples. The sum of seven PCB congeners varied from < 0.9 to 5.6 ng g-1 d.w. in sediments from fjords and tidal plains and from < 0.1 to 14.6 ng g-1 d.w. in sediments from lakes. The concentrations of analysed PAH compounds in surface sediments from lakes were over ten times higher (Ʃ16PAHs to 429 ng g-1 d.w.) than in sediments from fjords and tidal plains (Ʃ16PAHs to 36 ng g-1 d.w.).

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Authors and Affiliations

Grażyna Sapota
Barbara Wojtasik
Dorota Burska
Kamil Nowiński
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the anisakid nematode distribution pattern in the fish collected from the South Shetland Islands . A total of 32 fish species were examined for the presence of nematodes in 1978, 1979, 1981 and 2007/2008. The fish were caught off the South Shetland Islands ( Elephant Island , Shishkov Island and in Admiralty Bay – King George Island ). Three genera of L3 larval nematodes were identified: Anisakis sp., Contracaecum spp. and Pseudoterranova decipiens. The infection level was higher on the shelf around the islands than in Admiralty Bay . This is explained by a higher abundance of the final hosts in the region. A comparison of the infection data from 1978/79 and 2007/2008 with data from 1994/96 (Palm et al. 1998, 2007) was done. The parameters of infection of Notothenia coriiceps and Lepidonotothen nudifrons by Pseudoterranova decipiens were decreasing within the 30 years period.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jerzy Rokicki
Galina Rodjuk
Krzysztof Zdzitowiecki
Zdzisław Laskowski

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