The inter-reservoir enrichment phenomenon was exploited to curtail the reservoir eutrophication process. The Plawnowice reservoir (South Poland - Upper Silesia Region) has an area of 225 ha, volume of 29 mln m3, and a depth of 15 meters. According to the monitoring results in the years 1993-1998 the reservoir was qualified as hypereutrophic. Beginning in December 2003 a bottom pipe for hypolimnetic withdrawal was installed. In the period 2004-2010 a negative phosphorous balance was achieved. The discharge load of total phosphorous was in the beginning twice as high as the inflowing. During the first eight years with an inflow of 75 Mg P, the removed load of total phosphorus was 103 Mg P. In effect the net balance was 28 Mg P. The load, in respect to the surface area, of 2.2 to 3.3 gP/m2 per year, was reduced to a negative load of - 0.48 to - 3.3 gP/m2. The hypolimnetic maximum concentration of orthophosphates equal to 1.254 mg P-PO4/dm3 in 2004, was reduced to 0.236 mg P-PO4/dm3 in 2011. The respective factors and rate of eutrophication curtailing, including changes of phosphorus compounds have been discussed. Also changes of pH and visibility of the Secchi disc are presented. It was concluded that the presented method of hypolimnetic withdrawal is a lasting and effective process
The restoration of the anthropogenic Pławniowice water reservoir with the hypolimnion withdrawal method (the Olszewski's tube) began in December 2003. The decision to restore the reservoir had been taken due to its terrible condition resulting from the hypertrophy, which had been indicated by the research from the years 1993–1998.
The following paper presents the results of eight-year-long research into the formation of oxygen conditions and restoration settings. They were compared with the data obtained from the research before the restoration. Positive changes were witnessed. It was showed that grasping the changes in oxygen conditions enables the comparison of oxygen profiles in the same months in subsequent years. The ratio of anoxic water layer thickness to the oxygenated layer thickness was suggested as a factor characterizing oxygen conditions. The area described with an izooxa in the xy coordinate system was suggested as a factor [O2 mg/m2] allowing researchers to understand and describe occurring changes. It was observed that the oxygen solved in water as a result of the restoration occurred in the whole water column in the third decade of July. The oxygen concentration in the hypolimnion gradually rose in May, June and July each year. It was showed that the improvement in oxygen conditions stemmed from progressing oligotrophy of the reservoir.
During a blackout, after the post-disaster collapse of an electric power system (EPS), units of thermal power plants should switch-over to the house load operation mode (PPW). However, regarding the dynamics of a post-disaster blackout process, many units can be in forced outage Therefore, restart of these units from the start-up sources with a self-start capability is necessary. The Transmission Network Code in force imposes periodic tests and system tests for such sources. Any system test must be preceded and followed by simulation investigations in which the possibilities: (1) to bring voltage to the started-up power plant by a starting path and (2) to activate the highest-power auxiliaries (PW) of the unit being started-up are evaluated. In the paper, chosen results of simulative investigations of the transient phenomena in the starting path from the hydroelectric power plant of Włocławek (HPP Włocławek) to the thermal power plant of P˛atnów (TPP P˛atnów), related to the system test conducted in September 2017 have been presented.
Floodplains are highly valuable, but highly endangered ecosystems. Restoration programs need to carefully consider their multifunctionality, ecological value and the provision of ecosystem services. The example of the Danube River illustrates the impacts of various restoration measures.
This article concerns church monuments, which are part of the cultural heritage of Dukla. This is a town with medieval origins, located within the Podkarpackie Voivodeship, in the Krosno district. In the past it was an important centre of commerce on the Hungarian Route. Merchant traditions in Dukla are mainly associated with trade and storage of wine, which was kept in the cellars under the main market square in Dukla. Because of the rank, which the town used to have in the past, it can boast numerous monuments including objects associated with the administrative, commercial and economic functions of the town, as well as — or perhaps primarily — sacred objects. Among the latter, one has to mention firstly the parish church of St Mary Magdalene, the church and monastery complex of the Bernardine Order, and the synagogue of the Jewish community, that once used to live in Dukla. Those objects, their cultural value and issues related to their protection constitute the subject of this study.
In this paper the capacity of non-uniform sampling rate conversion techniques, involving different interpolation methods, aimed at wow defect reduction, is examined. Involved are: linear interpolation, four polynomial-based interpolation methods and the windowed sincbased method. The examined polynomial methods are: Lagrange interpolation, polynomial fitting with additional noise reduction, Hermitan and Spline. The performance of an artificially distorted audio signal, restored using non-uniform resampling, is evaluated on the basis of standard audio defect measurement criteria and compared for all of the aforementioned interpolation methods. The chosen defect descriptors are: total harmonic distortion, total harmonic distortion plus noise and signal to noise ratio.
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