Humanities and Social Sciences

LINGUISTICA SILESIANA

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LINGUISTICA SILESIANA | 2002 | vol. 23

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Abstract

According to Mcillct "quant au vocabulairc, c'cst dans la langue lćlćmcnt de tous le plus instable" while "la morphologic est cc qu'il ya de plus stable". This statement is generally accepted. The author attempts to show through sratistical analyses of parallel texts that vocabulary is more reliable source of information about the genetic relationships between languages than the inflection.
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Authors and Affiliations

Witold Mańczak
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Abstract

This paper offers a brief overview of the treatment of the intransitivity split within various theoretical models couched within the framework of generative grammar. Emphasis is given to the presentation of the most crucial issues and fundamental problems involved in proposing a formal account of the distinction between uncrgative and unaccusative verbs.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bożena Cetnarowska
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Abstract

The article discusses the notion of predication, and its definitions in logic and linguistics. Definitions suggested by Carnap, Reichenbach, and Quine have implications for the understanding of predication in linguistics. The article focuses on structural approaches to predication and discusses their consequences for a linguistic theory of predication, especially within the generative approach to syntax. It is claimed that the relation between the predicate (function) and the subject (argument) is monadic and triggered by an appropriate operator.
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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Stalmaszczyk
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Abstract

The aim of the paper is to present and discuss some issues related to the notion of phonological strength and ·segmental complexity. It is demonstrated that both notions, i.c. complexity and strength are not interchangeable. The starting point for the investigation is the principle of Licensing Inheritance, which aims to explain the processes of lcnition. The research proves, however, that the distributional behaviour of English plosivcs can be explained neither by the internal structure of plosivcs nor by the principle of Licensing Inheritance. Although accounting for the peculiar behaviour of plosives, the notion of strength, in its traditional sense, cannot be recognized within Government Phonology as it runs counter to the basic theory-internal principles.
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Authors and Affiliations

Artur Kijak
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Abstract

This paper presents an analysis of syntactic constructions in the Polish language expressing the so called "clock time" i.c. the moment of event (naming the when-relation in the system of temporal meanings). Described are various syntactic groups and their position in the sentence model.
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Authors and Affiliations

Czesław Lachur
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Abstract

This paper discusses the problem of syntactic synonymy in Polish. The author attempts at presenting a possible description of syntactic synonyms within construction naming temporal relations of the so called "clock time" as the moment of event.
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Authors and Affiliations

Czesław Lachur
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Abstract

This paper focuses on the types of borrowings that appear in bilingual speech, as well as on the factors that arc likely to determine their quality and quantity. They include, among other things, indcntification with another (L2) culture, perceived proficiency in both languages and overall amount of contact with the languages concerned. The data presented in the paper encompass the findings of a questionnaire administered to Polish students of English at university level.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jolanta Latkowska
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Abstract

This paper rs concerned with the classification of word classes in English. The subject of investigation arc both the division of lexical items into categories and the criteria applied for the taxonomy. Moreover, some terminological problems arc taken into consideration. The evolution of the approach to these aspects of word-class taxonomy is analysed on the basis of Jcspcrsen's traditional grammar (I 948, 1958) and descriptive academic handbooks of English grammar by Quirk et al. ( 1972, 1985). Apart from a number of changes in the classification of parts of speech and terminology, there can be observed a significant shift from semantic/notional to syntactic/formal properties as criteria for determining wordclass membership. The two diverging stances on the criteria for the division of word classes arc reflected in two dominating modern approaches, i.c. generative and cognitive grammar, with the former employing syntactic and the latter semantic features.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wiktor Pskit
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Abstract

The aim of this paper is a modest one, viz., it is an attempt to provide a succinct account of both syntactic and semantic characterisation of modal auxiliaries in Scots, one of the major sub-standard varieties of English. To achieve this goal I draw on the research work done in this specific area in the eighties and nineties.' The paper falls into two basic pans, of which the first focuses on the formal criteria of modal auxiliaries in Scottish English, whereas the second one concentrates on their semantic features. The object of my interest will comprise the following items: will, can, may, must, ought 10 and need.
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Authors and Affiliations

Agata Wójcik
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Abstract

The tendency to use nouns - not exactly a new feature in the structure of the German language - is part of a linguistic development that precipitates the fury of the language purist. The language used in the controlled and administered world of today nevertheless depends on providing names that are as rational as possible for a wide scope of states and stages in everyday communication. The linguist has long been familiar with the use of nouns and the resulting syntactic flexibility or simplification in concert with laws of linguistic economy: this is seen as a developmental process. Yet to those who are concerned for the purity of language such developments arouse suspicion as do all moves towards linguistic economy. The aim of this investigation is to examine the condemnation of norninalization on the part these purists. as compared to the stand taken by linguists. who rightly point out that any classification into criteria of "right" and "not right" is unjustified. it is the service actually rendered by these linguistic forms that deserves evaluation in terms of performance.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marian Hutny
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Abstract

The language of trade negotiations is a complex phenomenon that escapes classifications based on a single criterion. The article analyses lexical, grammatical, textual, and stylistic properties of trade negotiations.
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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Mamet
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Abstract

The aim of this paper is to examine the foreign language syllabi for explication of emotion expression. The importance of emotions in our live as well as in foreign language learning is presented and against this ground the German, Austrian, and Polish syllabi arc analysed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jan Iluk
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Abstract

The article deals with the problem of translating Polish graffiti into German. The aim of the article is to present and analyse translation difficulties connected with this son of language material. The difficulties very often occur due to inability to find appropriate expressions, because this type of humour, which mainly relics on play on words, is characterised by both a strong condensation of a conveyed content and the conciseness of form. The application of suitable translation strategics allows to translate these expressions into a foreign language in a proper way, enables to retain rhymes, which very often appear to strengthen a comical effect, assures, in spite of often disparate connotations, a desirable recipient's reaction and thereby guarantees that a communicative and functional role of a translation is preserved.
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Authors and Affiliations

Iwona Wowro
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Abstract

In this article various theories of the second language acquisition arc discussed. As a related topic, the author focuses primarily on the acquisition of semantic items. He argues that the second language isn't acquired identically as the mother tongue which was the major claim made by the identity hypothesis. The positive and negative transfer from the mother tongue (contrast hypothesis) along with the intuitive mechanisms of the second language acquisition (theory of Felix and monitor theory of Krashcn) are also regarded as simplifications overlooking the complexity of the process in question. Furthermore, the article pursues the question of the incoherence of Lcnnebers critical period hypothesis. The autor secs in the aquisiton of the second language a complex and long-lasting process whose visible and researchable realization is the so called learner language developing in particular stages. The first stages show a great dependence of the learner language on the structures of the mother tongue (combined bilingualisms). In the stage of the coordinate bilingualisms the mental representation of the second language is activated without or with slight simultancus activation of the mental structures of the mother tongue. The complexity of the acquisition of the second language results from diversity of conditions influencing the developing processes of the learner language such as input, personal features, affective and social factors, age and latcralisation processes, various mental processes based on personal experiences and many others. The interaction of these factors which differ from learner to learner results in very peculiar characteristics of the second language acquisition. As a result of the hctcrogcnity of individual acquisition processes nowadays only a fraction of their principles can be accounted for. The creation of a rational theory describing the whole complexity of the second language acquisition remains the task for future linguistic research.
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Authors and Affiliations

Lesław Tobiasz
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Abstract

This aniele analyses the correct recall of word meanings in German as a foreign language. The recall can proceed by means of textautonomous and textbased exercises. To the rextautonornous ones belong such checking techniques as retrieval of the word meaning with the help of synonyms, antonyms, hyponyms, word fields etc. Among the rextbased exercises there are two crucial types of them: text reconstruction and text construction. The textautonomous recall techniques enable possible relatively precise testing of the understanding of the lexical word meaning, but they do not check the competence in the use of the actual word meaning, which is always realised only in the logical structure of spoken and written texts. Therefore the textbased exercises, especially the text construction are the best methods checking contextually correct recall of the foreign language lexical items. Moreover. such recall techniques engage the rnulri modal memory-processes very intensively and lead consequently not only to precise remembering of the actual word meaning, but also to a better internalization of not directly recalled words.
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Authors and Affiliations

Lesław Tobiasz

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Reviewers

The Linguistica Silesiana peer-referees 2017-2020

  • Beata Abdallah-Krzepkowska
  • Magdalena Bartłomiejczyk
  • Magdalena Bator
  • Monika Bielińska
  • Bogusław Bierwiaczonek
  • Krzysztof Bogacki
  • Jan Čermák
  • Bożena Cetnarowska
  • Magdalena Charzyńska-Wójcik
  • Grzegorz Drożdż
  • Radosław Dylewski
  • Henryk Fontański
  • Danuta Gabryś-Barker
  • Piotr Gąsiorowski
  • Łukasz Grabowski
  • Ireneusz Kida
  • Robert Kiełtyka
  • Marcin Krygier
  • Marcin Kuczok
  • Katarzyna Kwapisz-Osadnik
  • Czesław Lachur
  • Andrzej Łyda
  • Ewa Miczka
  • Ewa Myrczek-Kadłubicka
  • John G. Newman
  • Mikołaj Nkollo
  • Jerzy Nykiel
  • Ewa Piechurska-Kuciel
  • Tadeusz Piotrowski
  • Adam Pluszczyk
  • Andrzej Porzuczek
  • Hans Sauer
  • Czesława Schatte
  • Piotr Stalmaszczyk
  • Monika Sułkowska
  • Konrad Szcześniak
  • Krystyna Warchał
  • Halina Widła
  • Krzysztof Witczak
  • Adam Wojtaszek
  • Marcin Zabawa

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