Applied sciences

Metrology and Measurement Systems

Content

Metrology and Measurement Systems | 2024 | vol. 31 | No 2

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Abstract

As the polarization direction is unknown in free-space three-dimensional (3D) electromagnetic pulse (EMP) measurement, the components in three directions are usually measured first, and then the total vector is calculated. The waveform (magnitude) and polarization direction define the 3D process. Because of the uncertainty produced in the component measurement, there is also uncertainty in the calculated 3D process. This paper investigates the propagation of uncertainty during the total vector calculation process. The magnitude and polarization angle uncertainty propagation formulas are derived through analysis. The results show that the uncertainty of the calculated magnitude is less than the maximal measurement uncertainty of the three components, and the uncertainty of the polarization angle is less than sqrt(2) times the maximal uncertainty of the three components divided by the magnitude of the measured field. Finally, a Monte-Carlo (MC) simulation is run to validate the results of the analysis. The simulation results agree well with the analysis results.
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Authors and Affiliations

Yuewu Shi
1
Wei Wang
1
ORCID: ORCID
Xin Nie
1
Jianguo Miao
1
Wie Chen
1

  1. National Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology,Xi’an, 710024, China
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Abstract

In this article a complete procedure to investigate thin semiconductor plates (epitaxial layers), including high-resolution X-ray diffraction measurements, mathematical modelling of both crystalline structure and crystalline microstructure and computations to approximate solving inverse problems, is proposed and described in detail. The method is successfully applied to estimate crystalline homogeneity of a square indium-arsenide plate epitaxially-grown on gallium-arsenide substrate. To this end, the specimen is tested in nine areas around points forming a square grid. It is demonstrated that whole specimen may be regarded as a single large crystalline grain consisting of crystallites separated by small-angle boundaries. The crystallites occur as rode-like cuboids elongated in the direction perpendicular to the plate surface, with different areas of the sample and with base sizes not much differing. The mean-absolute second-order strain is very small and almost constant in the whole sample. The first-order strain also appears and, effectively, the structure of the crystalline layer is tetragonal with unit-cell parameters being smaller parallelly and larger perpendicularly to the layer surface and varying slightly in the layer. The results are presented in tables and figures and commented.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sebastian Odrzywolski
1
Marek Andrzej Kojdecki
2
Sebastian Złotnik
1
ORCID: ORCID
Łukasz Kubiszyn
3
ORCID: ORCID
Jarosław Wróbel
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Applied Physics, Military University of Technology, 2 Kaliskiego Street, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
  2. Institute of Mathematics and Cryptology, Military University of Technology, 2 Kaliskiego Street, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
  3. VIGO Photonics S.A., 129/133 Poznanska St., 05-850 Ozarów Mazowiecki, Poland
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Abstract

In this paper, an efficient method for the denoising of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals is presented. As it is well-known, the efficient translation-invariant (TI) denoising technique, first introduced by Coifman and Donoho, uses K pre-processing shift-rotation operations, K denoising operations similar to the standard Donoho’s thresholding algorithm, K post-processing inverse shift-rotation operations, and finally, the K new less noisy copies generated by the preceding steps are averaged to produce a final denoised signal. Thus and conversely to the previously mentioned TI algorithm, the suggested technique consists of the design of a low computational translation-invariant-like strategy that eliminates the K pre-processing shift-rotation and the K post-processing inverse shift-rotation operations and only keeps the K wavelet-based denoising operations where for each one we use a different mother wave among a set of K mother waves ψ1; ψ2;...; ψK. Consequently, each mother wave generates a new less noisy copy from the original noisy signal. Finally, the produced less noisy multiple copies are averaged to reach the final denoised signal. Through this strategy, we can avoid the use of multiple hardware sensors to generate multiple noisy copies to be averaged to restore the clean version of the signal. Consequently, the proposed approach can considerably reduce the cost of the acquisition system. Additionally, the several results produced from extensive simulations show that the proposed algorithm outperforms many translation-invariant-like methods and can be considered as one of the top-ranking recent algorithms to tackle the denoising problem.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nabil Boukhennoufa
1
Yahia Laamari
2
Redha Benzid
3

  1. University of Batna 2 – Batna, Algeria
  2. LGE laboratory of M’sila University, Algeria
  3. LAAAS laboratory of Batna 2 University, Algeria
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Abstract

The occurrence of asymmetric probability distributions is quite common. Phenomena such as salary, number of failures, sound level values, etc. have skewed distributions. In such cases, estimating the mean using the interval method can be inaccurate as it ignores the distribution’s asymmetry. Another method of constructing confidence intervals, which does not require symmetry of distributions, is the method based on Chebyshev’s theorem. However, the intervals thus obtained are symmetrical. The approach proposed in this article uses the concept of Chebyshev’s theorem and semivariances to construct new confidence and uncertainty intervals. The article examines the properties of semivariance-based confidence intervals for long-term noise indicators from acoustic monitoring of the city of Gdansk and compares them with classical confidence intervals. The new uncertainty assessment tool proposed in this article in the form of a semivariance-based uncertainty interval can therefore be the basis for new uncertainty assessment methodology and more effective uncertainty.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bartosz Przysucha
1

  1. Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
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Abstract

This paper describes the development and evaluation of a force-pressure balance system utilizing a highprecision force transducer. This setup aims to calibrate hydraulic pressure gauges commonly used in industrial applications, with a measurement range of up to 50 MPa. Detailed investigations were conducted to determine the metrological characteristics and calibration coefficients of the new force-pressure balance setup. Comparisons were made between the results obtained from the new setup and those obtained from another reference pressure standard. The findings highlighted a decrease in the accuracy of the pressure balance within the lower pressure range. This decrease in accuracy can be attributed to the hysteresis effect caused by the force transducer utilized in the setup. Additionally, an error was observed in the pressure characteristic of the piston’s performance, particularly in the lower pressure range. These findings indicate the need for further improvements in the force-pressure balance system to enhance accuracy across the entire pressure range.
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Authors and Affiliations

Shaker A. Gelany
1
Gouda M. Mahmoud
1

  1. National Institute of Standards (NIS), Tersa St, El-Haram, PO Box 136, Code 12211, Giza, Egypt
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Abstract

The paper describes the results of investigations illustrating the influence of the method of determining the excess of junction temperature and the selection of a function approximating the thermometric characteristic used in the procedure of measuring thermal resistance of a power MOS transistor on the measurement results. The investigations involved the measurements made using an indirect electrical method. Three methods of determining the excess of junction temperature of the transistor are presented, using a linear function and nonlinear function approximating thermometric characteristics. The thermal resistance measurement results obtained using each of the considered methods were compared. The measurement error caused by the selection of the considered methods was also analyzed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Górecki
1
ORCID: ORCID
Krzysztof Posobkiewicz
1

  1. Gdynia Maritime University, Department of Marine Electronics, ul. Morska 81-87, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland
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Abstract

Micro-acceleration generation during ultra-low-frequency micro-vibration calibration is a sensitive issue. There are issues of traditional pendulum tables being unable to change the pendulum radius and direction to produce micro-accelerations of different magnitudes, and the line shakers having a low signal-to-noise ratio when the vibration amplitude is the same as that of the pendulum tables. Therefore, a novel ultra-low-frequency micro-vibration calibration method is proposed to solve the above issues based on virtual pendulum motion trajectories of the Stewart platform. The micro-accelerations of 10–5 to 10–3 m/s2 can be generated by the trajectories with the radius of up to 12 m, the displacement amplitudes of up to 11.636 mm and the frequencies between 0.01 and 0.1 Hz. In the virtual pendulum motion, the maximum acceleration can be 2481 times greater than the acceleration of linear motion at the same frequency and displacement amplitude. In a comparison experiment with the current rotating platform, the maximum relative deviation of sensitivity amplitude calibration for pendulum motion around the x- and y-axis based on the Stewart platform are 0.411% and 0.295% respectively. The above results demonstrate the validity and reliability of this kind of method.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tong Ye
1
Zhihua Liu
2
Chenguang Cai
2
Fubing Bao
1
Fei Xu
1
Xiangkun Lian
1

  1. College of Metrology and Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, 310018 Hangzhou, China
  2. Institute of Mechanics and Acoustic Metrology, National Institute of Metrology, 100029 Beijing, China
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Abstract

Image intensifier tubes (IITs) are the most important modules of night vision devices used in huge numbers by military forces worldwide. Resolution is the most important parameter of IITs that presents information about ability of these devices to produce output images preserving information about details of the observed scenery. Despite its importance, it is still a common practice to measure resolution subjectively, by an observer looking at image of a resolution target created by a tested IIT. A series of attempts have been carried out to develop objective methods for accurate resolution measurement of IITs but with limited success. Accuracy of these methods varies depending on the tested IIT. This paper presents detailed analysis of proposed methods for objective resolution measurement. This analysis has shown that significant variability of accuracy of these methods is caused by one main drawback: the methods do not take into account influence of the spatial noise effect on human perception of image of the resolution target. Thus, an improved method taking into account spatial noise and its impact on target detection has been proposed. The method has been validated through experimental verification that shows accuracy improvements compared to other objective methods. This new approach improves accuracy of measurement of resolution of IITs to a level that can be accepted at professional test stations. In this way, this new method has potential to replace the standard subjective method to measure resolution of IITs and fix the biggest flaw of the standard test stations: measurement subjectivity.
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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Chrzanowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Bolesław Stafiej
2

  1. Military University of Technology, Institute of Optoelectronics, 2 Kaliskiego Str., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
  2. INFRAMET, Bugaj 29a, Koczargi Nowe, 05-082 Stare Babice, Poland
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Abstract

In process analytical chemistry, mass spectrometry analysis using a soft electron ionization (EI) source has qualitative advantages. However, the relatively small ionization cross-section of soft EI leads to lower sensitivity. To address this issue, a novel method has been developed to enhance the sensitivity of soft EI by utilizing a dual electron repeller and an ionization chamber to form a U-shaped electric field, causing electrons to oscillate within the field and effectively increasing the electron collision cross-sectional area. By combining with an electron lens, the virtual cathode effect at low electron energy can be reduced or even eliminated, thereby improving ionization efficiency. This method has resulted in a significant increase in signal intensity for m/z 18(H2O), with a factor of 4.2 at an electron energy of 25 eV and a factor of 3.75 at 20 eV, compared to the electron receiving mode. Additionally, it reduces the required emission current, which is beneficial for prolonging the life of the filament. The proposed technique is expected to expand the application of soft EI, particularly for rapid online analysis in process analytical chemistry such as catalyst research and chemical reaction process monitoring.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ze-Jian Huang
1
You Jiang
1
Xin-Hua Dai
1
Ming-Fei Zhou
2
Xiang Fang
1

  1. National Institute of Metrology, 18, Beisanhuandonglu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
  2. Fudan University, Department of Chemistry Jiangwan Campus, HuaXue Building A3002, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China
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Abstract

The paper presents a method of measuring the angle of light polarisation plane rotation. Measurement is done with a tilted fibre Bragg grating (TFBG), with a tilt angle of 7°, and an optical spectrum analyser. Data obtained with the analyser are processed with a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to obtain frequency representation (FFT coefficients). The rotation angle is calculated by comparing these coefficients obtained from the measurement with the ones collected during measurement set calibration. It has been shown that FFT coefficients change in the function of polarisation plane rotation and, in the case of some of them, these changes have a regular character and can be used to determine rotation. The method shown works in the range of 0 – 180° of rotation with an average error of 0.076° and a median error of 0.033°. The highest values of errors appear at about 0, 45, 90, 135 and 180°, which is caused by flat characteristics of many frequencies for these angles of rotation. The method discussed could find applications in many fields of structure monitoring and maintenance, where rotation or twist could be used as a quality parameter.
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Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Kozieł
1
Damian Harasim
2
Marta Dziuba-Kozieł
1
Piotr Kisała
2

  1. Lublin University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Nadbystrzycka 36B, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
  2. Lublin University of Technology, Department of Electronics and Information Technology, Nadbystrzycka 38A,20-618 Lublin, Poland
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Abstract

Accurate information about the vehicle state such as sideslip angle is critical for both advanced assisted driving systems and driverless driving. These vehicle states are used for active safety control and motion planning of the vehicle. Since these state parameters cannot be directly measured by onboard sensors, this paper proposes an adaptive estimation scheme in case of unknown measurement noise. Firstly, an estimation method based on the bicycle model is established using a square-root cubature Kalman filter (SQCKF), and secondly, the expectation maximization (EM) approach is used to dynamically update the statistic parameters of measurement noise and integrate it into SQCKF to form a new expectation maximization square-root cubature Kalman filter (EMSQCKF) algorithm. Simulations and experiments show that EMSQCKF has higher estimation accuracy under different driving conditions compared to the unscented Kalman filter.
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Authors and Affiliations

Yan Wang
1
Xuan Sun
2
Dong Cui
3
Xianfang Wang
4
Zhijuan Jia
5
Zhiguo Zhang
6

  1. The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Hong Kong, China
  2. The Beijing Jiaotong University, School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing, China
  3. CATARC (Tianjin) Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300300, China
  4. School of Computer Science & Technology, Henan Institute of Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
  5. School of Information Science and Technology, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, Henan, China
  6. School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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Abstract

In this paper a comparison of different types of maximum power point search methods for the photovoltaic panels is presented. The methods that represent each group of maximum power point techniques will be implemented in the software that allows to test the behaviour of photovoltaic panels in different environment conditions including partial shading. In this paper each implemented method was compared including time of convergence with the maximum power point, tracking error and differences in the energy obtained from photovoltaics during the simulation time. The algorithms were compared under both uniform lighting and partial shade conditions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mariusz Ostrowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Janusz Mroczka
1
Kamil Płachta
1

  1. Wroclaw University of Technology, Faculty of Microsystem Electronics and Photonics, Chair of Electronic and Photonic Metrology, Bolesława Prusa 53/55, 50-317 Wroclaw, Poland
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Abstract

This paper describes an efficient method of designing and implementing in FPGA devices complex tapped delay lines (CTDL) with pico and sub-picosecond resolution. Achieving a higher resolution and better linearity is possible by appropriate selection of single time coding tapped delay lines (TDL) involved in creation of CDTL. The proposed TDL selection algorithm significantly optimizes the size of the device’s logical resources required to implement CDTL with assumed parameters and provides a proper selection scenario. Ultimately, the presented solution allows to create CTDLs with different user-defined configurations based on a fixed set of available logical resources. Therefore, it is particularly recommended for prototyping in smaller FPGA devices. In this work, we investigate how the order of line selection influences the increase of the multiple time coding lines resolution. Furthermore, we determine the relation between the equivalent resolution value and the number of TDLs involved. Obtained results allow to estimate the upper limit of resolution that can be achieved using a given technology. In addition, the ranges of resolutions achievable with a fixed number of lines is also examined. The presented research results have been performed on a Kintex UltraScale FPGA chip, manufactured by Xilinx in the 20-nm CMOS process.
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Authors and Affiliations

Robert Frankowski
1
Maciej Gurski
1
Ryszard Szplet
2

  1. Institute of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, ul. Grudzia˛dzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland
  2. Faculty of Electronics, Military University of Technology, ul. Kaliskiego 2, 00-908, Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

The Lithuanian national standard of voltage is maintained as the basis for calibration and measurement capabilities of Lithuania published in the Key Comparison Database of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM). The stability and uncertainty of the voltage value measurements, performed since 2004 using the calibrated values of the Zener solid-state voltage standards (zeners) to predict their future behavior, are discussed. Conclusions regarding short- and long-term predictability of their behavior, which can be used for choosing an appropriate calibration period, are presented. An estimate of merit for approximations is proposed; based upon the estimate, it is concluded that the hyperbolic approximation is the best one in the most of the cases. Also discussed is the behavior of voltage dividers used in the zeners as well as the recovery of the zeners after a failure of their power supply. It is concluded that the voltage standards operated by the Lithuanian National Electrical Standards Laboratory feature stable drift of the voltage reproduced, which is well predictable by means of linear or non-linear regression.
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Authors and Affiliations

Andrius Bartašiunas
1
Rimantas Miškinis
1
Dmitrij Smirnov
1
Emilis Urba
1

  1. Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Saul˙etekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania

Instructions for authors



Sample article with Author guidelines



Author guidelines



Types of contributions

Metrology and Measurement Systems welcomes submissions of the following article types:

• invited special issue or review papers presenting the current stage of the knowledge within scope of the journal (about 20 edited pages, approximately 3000 characters each),
• research papers reporting high-quality original scientific or technological advancements (max. 12 pages),
• papers based on extended and updated contributions presented at scientific conferences (max. 12 pages),
• short notes, i.e. book reviews, conference reports, short news (max. 2 pages).


Manuscript preparation

General The text of a manuscript should be written in clear and concise English. The camera-ready format – with attached separate files containing illustrations, tables and photographs – is required. A cover letter with clear explanation of scientific novelty of the paper is strongly recommended. Papers based on extended and updated contributions presented at scientific conferences, or strongly related to previous authors’ works, must be accompanied with a cover letter file, which should explain in details changes made in the manuscript in comparison with the original conference paper and highlight the novelty in reference to other authors’ works.
The main text of a manuscript should be printed on an A4 page (with margins of 2.5 cm) using Times New Roman style with a font size of 12 pt; the paragraphs should start with the indentation of 5 mm, and titles should be written in bold. That text can be divided into sections (numbered 1, 2, …), first-order subsections (numbered 1.1., 1.2., …, written in italics), and – if needed – second-order subsections (numbered 1.1.1., 1.1.2., …, written same as first-order subsections). The only acceptable manuscript formats are in Microsoft Word (.doc, .docx).

The Editor encourages the Authors of submitted papers who are not English native speakers, to use a language service checking the language correctness not only with respect to grammar, but also in the way of presentation of research results accepted by renowned publishers, e.g. presented on the website of the European Association of Science Editors. The Editor encourages the Authors of submitted papers who are not English native speakers, to use a language service checking the language correctness not only with respect to grammar, but also in the way of presentation of research results accepted by renowned publishers, e.g. presented on the website of the European Association of Science Editors.


Figures
Figures (illustrations, photographs) and tables, provided in the camera-ready form suitable for reproduction (which may include reduction), should be additionally submitted (one per page), larger than the final size. While preparing figures we encourage to start with defining expected size and minimum font size that fit to all graphics in the manuscript – using the same style in all of your graphics visually improves the article. Final figure formats must be in one of the following: (vectors) .eps, .pdf, .ai or .cdr, and (bitmaps) .bmp, .gif, .tif or .jpg.
As far as plots, block diagrams, schematics etc. are concerned, we suggest to use one of vector formats to improve quality and scalability. Figures in vector formats must be saved using RGB colours and with fully white background (0% K). Hidden layers are unacceptable. Minimum line thickness printed in a single colour is 0.25 pt (0.09 mm), and 1 pt (0.36 mm) when using more colours. Typically we suggest 0.2-0.5 mm but in particular cases the range 0.1–1.0 mm will be accepted. Lines in plots should be distinguished not only by using different colours but also using different line types and markers, if needed.


Equation
All equations must be numbered consecutively throughout the text. Each equation should be preceded and followed by a 6-point spacing. Punctuate equations when they are part of a sentence. Equation numbers should be enclosed in parentheses. Equations should be prepared with the use of MathType or Microsoft Equation editors. The type size in the equation is the same as for the text. To make your equations more compact, you may use the appropriate mathematical symbols or expressions. The symbols used in an equation have to be defined before that equation or immediately after it. Use italics for variables (e.g. i, x, n), physical quantity symbol (e.g. voltage U, temperature T), letter pointers and general function symbols. Do not use italics for constants, indexes, minimum, maximum and trigonometric functions, mathematical operators, differentials, etc. To refer to the equation use “(1)”, not “Eq. (1)” or “equation (1)”, except at the beginning of a sentence where “Equation (1)” should be used. We recommend to use International System of Units SI i.e. metre-kilogram-second system of units. As a decimal separator dot should be used in the entire manuscript (text, figures, tables).


References
The paper has to be clearly positioned in the context of relevant literature in the field of measurements and instrumentation. Note that lack of references from the main field of Metrology and Measurement Systems interest may suggest that the content of manuscript does not exactly correspond to the scope of metrological journals. It may reduce possibility that a proposed paper will be read by audience society. In such a case our Editorial Board may suggest to send the manuscript to a more appropriate journal. Also note that the use of possibly up-to-date references may indicate importance of your work. Table below gives examples of some relevant and renewable journals related to widely understood metrology.


Journal

Publisher

ISSN

Metrologia

IOP Publishing

0026-1394

IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement

IEEE

0018-9456

Measurement

Elsevier

0263-2241

Measurement Science and Technology

IOP Publishing

0957-0233

Metrology and Measurement Systems

PAS

0860-8229

Review of Scientific Instruments

IOP Publishing

0034-6748

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

IEEE

1557-9948

IET Science, Measurement & Technology

IET

1751-8822

Journal of Instrumentation

SISSA, IOP Publishing

1748-0221

Measurement Science Review

Walter de Gruyter

1335-8871

IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Magazine

IEEE

1094-6969

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences

PAS

2300-1917

Opto-Electronics Review

PAS

1896-3757

IEEE Sensors Journal

IEEE

1558-1748

Sensors

MDPI

1424-8220




References should be inserted in the text in square brackets, i.e. [1]; their list, numbered in citation order, should appear at the end of the manuscript. The format of the references should follow the APA 7th edition formatting style, i.e.: for an journal paper – surname(s) and initial(s) of author(s), year in brackets, title of the paper, full journal name, volume, issue (in brackets) and page numbers. Put all author names unless there are more than 20. Otherwise, after the first 19 authors’ names, use an ellipsis in place of the remaining author names. Then, end with the final author’s name (do not place an ampersand before it).


Submission process
Manuscript should be submitted via the Internet Editorial System (IES) – an online submission and peer review system. In order to submit the manuscript via the IES, the authors (first-time users) must create an author account to obtain a user ID and password required to enter the system. The submission of the manuscript in a single file, i.e. “Article File” containing the complete manuscript (with all figures of high quality and tables embedded in the text), is preferred. All figures have to be uploaded in separate files. The generated PDF file has to be approved. The PDF file has lower quality of the embedded figures to limit its size only.
The submission of a manuscript means that its content has not been published previously, it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, and that – if accepted – it will not be published elsewhere. The Author hereby grants the Polish Academy of Sciences (the Journal Owner) the license for commercial use of the article according to the Open Access License ( CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which has to be signed before publication. The copyright form is available in the IES.
The Authors are urged to suggest 4 to 5 reviewers in their application (with names, affiliations and addresses) with whom the Editorial Board could co-operate while processing the paper. Proposed reviewers should be experts deeply involved in issues related to the subject matter of the paper and they are intended to come from different universities or research centres.
Each submitted manuscript is subject to a single-blind peer-review procedure, and the publication decision is based on the reviewers’ comments. If necessary, the authors may be invited to revise their manuscripts. On acceptance, manuscripts are subject to editorial amendment to exactly fit the journal style.
An essential criterion for the evaluation of submitted manuscripts is their potential impact on the research field, measured by the number of repeated quotations. Such papers are preferred at the evaluation and publication stages.
Proofs will be sent to the corresponding author by e-mail and should be returned within 48 hours from receipt. The publication in the journal is free of charge. A sample copy of the journal will be sent to the corresponding author free of charge. For colour pages the authors will be charged at the rate of 160 PLN or 80 EUR per page. The payment to the bank account of the main distributor (given in “Subscription Information”) must be completed before the date indicated by the Editorial Office.


Other information
It is possible to include supplementary files related to the article content, such as e.g. developed databases. These files can be then used by other researchers to compare their algorithms using the same input data. For more details about supplementary files please contact the Editorial Board: metrology@wat.edu.pl. The biographical statements, at the very end of the article, are not obligatory, however, they are kindly recommended. Each statement should include the author’s full name and brief personal history focused on areas of research and scientific achievements. The biographical statement may not exceed 100 words and should be written using Times New Roman style with a font size of 8 pt.
The publication of your article is a great achievement but then it needs to be further promoted to make it more visible to the research community. Responsibility for this task lies with the Authors and our Editorial Board. We guarantee free access to the article in the Journals PAN of the Polish Academy of Science, including articles in Early Access form (published just after acceptance decision), indexing in popular and renewable databases (e.g. Thomson Scientific Master Journal List, Elsevier’s Scopus, Google Scholar). Furthermore, selected articles are highlighted on the journal website and are reprinted for promotion at conferences and other events. The Authors can share the final form of the article on various social networks and research-sharing platforms, such as Twitter, Facebook, Linkedin, ResearchGate, Academia.edu, SciProfiles. They are also encouraged to update personal and institutional webpages by adding the title and a link of the article. Feel free also to share your work with your colleagues using any other methods that do not conflict with the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license.
For more detailed description about how to write a paper for the Metrology and Measurement Systems journal please look at the Author guidelines for manuscript preparation. We strongly recommend using this file as a template for manuscript preparation.


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