Nauki Techniczne

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences

Opis

The Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences is published bimonthly by the Division IV Engineering Sciences of the Polish Academy of Sciences, since the beginning of the existence of the PAS in 1952. The journal is peer‐reviewed and is published both in printed and electronic form. It is established for the publication of original high quality papers from multidisciplinary Engineering sciences with the following topics preferred:

Artificial and Computational Intelligence,
Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology,
Civil Engineering,
Control, Informatics and Robotics,

Electronics, Telecommunication and Optoelectronics,
Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Thermodynamics,
Material Science and Nanotechnology,
Power Systems and Power Electronics.

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Journal Metrics:

JCR Impact Factor 2023:	1.2
5 Year Impact Factor 2022:	1.1
CiteScore 2023:	2.8
SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) 2023:	0.282
Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) 2023:	0.573
Ministry of Education and Science:	100 points

Abbreviated title: Bull. Pol. Acad. Sci. Tech. Sci.

ISSN

ISSN 2300-1917

Editorial Board 2023-2025

Editor-in-Chief:

A. Rogalski, Military University of Technology

Honorary (Past) Editor-in Chief:

T. Kaczorek, Warsaw University of Technology

M.P. Kaźmierkowski, Warsaw University of Technology

Deputy Editor-in-Chief:

B. Błachowski, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research PAN

M. Mrozowski, Gdansk University of Technology

Board of Topical Co-editors:

Artificial and Computational Intelligence

S. Osowski, B. Sawicki and T. Leś, Warsaw University of Technology

Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology

D. Pijanowska, Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering PAN

Civil Engineering

L. Czarnecki, Building Research Institute, ITB, Warsaw

Ł. Sadowski, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology

Control, Robotics and Informatics

J. Klamka and A. Babiarz, Silesian Technical University

J. Stefanowski, Poznan University of Technology

Electronics, Telecommunication and Optoelectronics

M. Mrozowski and A. Lamęcki, Gdansk University of Technology

Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Thermodynamics

B. Błachowski, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research PAN

G. Zboiński, Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery PAN and University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn

Materials Science and Nanotechnology

B. Major and P. Czaja, Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science PAN

Power Systems and Power Electronics

J. Rąbkowski and M. Jasiński, Warsaw University of Technology

International Editorial Advisory Board

R. Asthana, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, USA

Xu Binshi, China Association of Plant Engineering, Beijing, P.R. China

F. Blaabjerg, Aalborg University, Denmark

C. Cecati, University of L’Aquila, Italy

A. Cichocki, RIKEN Institute, Tokyo, Japan

M. David, National Polytechnique de Toulouse, France

R. Ebner, Materials Centre Leoben, Leoben, Austria

E. Fornasini, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

L.G. Franquelo, University of Sevilla, Spain

M. Gad-el-Hak, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA

M. Giersig, Free University of Berlin, Germany

D. van Gemert, Catholic University Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium

L. Keviczky, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary

V. Kučera, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

R. Kennel, Technical University Munich, Germany

T.A. Kowalewski, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research PAN

E. Levi, Liverpool John Moore University, UK

G. Maier, Technical University of Milan, Milan, Italy

K.F. Man, City University of Hong Kong,

R. Maniewski, Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering PAN

H.A. Mang, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria

H. Mihashi, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan

S. Mindess, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

D.A. Mlynski, University of Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany

A.S. Nowak, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA

K. Ohnishi, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan

A. Öberg, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

W. Pedrycz, University of Alberta, Canada

M. Razeghi, Northwestern University, Evanston, USA

J. Rodriguez, University of Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile

J.V. Sloten, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

B.M. Wilamowski, University of Auburn, Alabama, USA

A.L. Yarin, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA

Du Xiangwan, Chinese Academy of Engineering, China

J. Żurada, Department of Computer Engineering, University of Louisville, USA

Editorial Office:

Pałac Kultury i Nauki

Wydział IV Nauk Technicznych PAN

Pl. Defilad 1

PL 00-901 Warszawa

Managing Editor:

Renata Podraza, e-mail: Renata.Podraza@pan.pl

Finance:

Katarzyna Łasak, e-mail: Katarzyna.Lasak@pan.pl

The Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences is an open access journal with all content available with no charge in full text version.

The journal content is available under the licencse CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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2025
- Early Access
- 73
  - 2 (in progress)
  - No. 1 (contains i.a. Special Section on Sustainability, reliability, and durability of civil engineering structures)
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Zawartość

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2025 | 73 | 2

1 Importance of C/C++ compiler choice for performance and energy consumption of multithreaded WZ factorization

Beata Bylina , Monika Piekarz , Jarosław Bylina

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2025 | 73 | 2 | e153226 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2025.153226

Słowa kluczowe: processor frequency scaling performance energy WZ factorization compiler

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Abstrakt

The choice of C/C++ compiler significantly impacts the performance and energy consumption of multithreaded numerical algorithms related to linear algebra. This study investigates the effects of the C/C++ compiler choice and processor frequency scaling (using dynamic voltage frequency scaling) on the performance and energy consumption of the multithreaded WZ factorization on three different computing platforms, two featuring Intel Xeon processors and one featuring AMD EPYC processor. The factorization is implemented both without optimization techniques and with strip-mining. Based on time and energy tests, we have demonstrated that, for the WZ factorization (in both implementations), each compiler reacts somewhat differently to frequency changes, thus affecting overall performance and energy consumption. The Intel compilers achieved the best performance and energy savings in a multithreaded environment compared to the other compilers on each of the tested computing platforms.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Beata Bylina

e-mail:

ORCID:

Monika Piekarz

Jarosław Bylina

e-mail:

ORCID:

Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Pl. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 5, 20-031 Lublin, Poland

2 Calibration by diffeomorphisms of robot manipulator kinematics: a novel approach

Roberto Orozco , Adam Ratajczak

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2025 | 73 | 2 | e153230 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2025.153230

Słowa kluczowe: kinematics robot kinematics calibration diffeomorphisms calibration by diffeomorphisms

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Abstrakt

Our paper presents a nonparametric data-driven technique that can enhance the accuracy of robot kinematics models by reducing geometric and nongeometric inaccuracies. We propose this approach based on the theory of singular maps and the Large Dense Diffeomorphic Metric Mapping (LDDMM) framework, which has been developed in the field of Computational Anatomy. This framework can be thought of as a method for identifying nonlinear static models that encode a priori knowledge as a nominal model that we deform using diffeomorphisms. To tackle the kinematic calibration problem, we implement Calibration by Diffeomorphisms and obtain a solution using an image registration formalism. We evaluate our approach via simulations on double pendulum robot models, which account for both geometric and nongeometric discrepancies. The simulations demonstrate an improvement in the precision of the kinematics results for both types of inaccuracies. Additionally, we discuss the potential application of physical experiments. Our approach provides a fresh perspective on robot kinematics calibration using Calibration by Diffeomorphisms, and it has the potential to address inaccuracies caused by unknown or difficult-to-model phenomena.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Roberto Orozco

e-mail:

ORCID:

Adam Ratajczak

Faculty of Electronics, Photonics and Microsystems, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Poland
Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Poland

3 Quantitative risk assessment of hazardous chemical discharges and simulation of threat zones in hydrocarbon storage systems

Ahcène Akni , Manel Bidi

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2025 | 73 | 2 | e152705 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2024.152705

Słowa kluczowe: safety storage tanks boil over explosion HAZOP ALOHA software

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Abstrakt

Human activities predominantly depend on hydrocarbons, which are essential resources and pivotal drivers of economic growth and development in many nations. Countries with substantial hydrocarbon reserves have capitalized on these resources to generate wealth. However, the complex physicochemical properties of hydrocarbons pose significant risks to both human safety and environmental integrity. Hazard studies conducted across various Algerian oil (NAFTAL) regions, particularly at CBR (cost-benefit ratio) industrial sites, indicate that the primary dangers involve fire and explosion. Investigations into accidents within the ARV (Arrival) terminal zone have identified a strong correlation with hydrocarbon storage practices. This work aims to evaluate the risks associated with specific phenomena linked to the storage of gas oil products. To perform a semi-quantitative risk analysis of potential accident scenarios, we employed the hazard and operability study (HAZOP) method, alongside a detailed examination of possible incidents using the Fault Tree method (FTM). This approach elucidates the causes and consequences of undesirable events. Furthermore, we assessed the risks posed by these adverse scenarios and their implications for nearby reservoir areas. Using Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres (ALOHA) software for simulation, we illustrated the identified scenarios and delineated the threat zones surrounding the S11 tank.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Ahcène Akni

e-mail:

ORCID:

Manel Bidi

Transportation Engineering Department, University Constantine, 1 – Brothers Mentouri, Algeria
Electrotechnic Department of Constantine, University Constantine, 1 – Brothers Mentouri, Algeria

4 Radial force variation parameter as a factor of tire uniformity

Marcin Moskwa , Bartosz Gapiński , Michał Jakubowicz

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2025 | 73 | 2 | e152609 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2024.152609

Słowa kluczowe: waveform tire assembling machine green tire radial force variation (RFV)

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Abstrakt

Market demands and trends related to ecology and sustainability significantly influence various industries, including the tire market. Tires are required to meet multiple performance criteria, such as braking efficiency, wet grip, and noise levels, while also conforming to uniformity parameters evaluated during the manufacturing process. Increasing the fuel efficiency of tires, which is directly related to reducing rolling resistance, results in a modification of tire materials, dimensions, and weight. As a result, components with lighter properties are used in tire construction, and at the same time, tires are subjected to higher loads. Research indicates that the green tire building process at the tire building machine has a key impact on the values and waveform of the tire radial force. The methodology of this study involved introducing controlled changes in the angular alignment of the individual drums participating in the green tire assembly process. This approach enabled the isolation and analysis of specific factors contributing to the shaping of the radial force variation (RFV) characteristics. For each configuration, a sample population of 20 tires was evaluated, with measurements taken for both RFV and waveform values. From these measurements, average RFV characteristics were generated. Each resulting characteristic was then compared to a reference specification in order to quantify the influence of the modified angular positions on RFV values and waveform behavior.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Marcin Moskwa

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Bartosz Gapiński

e-mail:

ORCID:

Michał Jakubowicz

e-mail:

ORCID:

Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Mechanical Technology, Poznan, Poland
Bridgestone Poznan, Poznan, Poland

5 Attempts to apply heuristic research methodology in mechanical engineering on the example of rotating machines

Jan Kiciński , Grzegorz Żywica

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2025 | 73 | 2 | e152707 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2024.152707

Słowa kluczowe: heuristic stochastic error multiple whirls rotating machine

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Abstrakt

On any website or in encyclopaedias such as Britannica or Wikipedia, under the entry ‘heuristics,’ one can find numerous definitions, references, and examples from various areas of life. However, the authors of this article have been unable to find examples relevant to technology, particularly in mechanical engineering. This fact inspired us to address this topic, especially since many concrete examples from practice and everyday life seem well-suited to demonstrating the relevance of heuristic methodologies in technical sciences. According to the authors, turbomachinery appears to be of particular interest in this context. This is critical machinery, i.e., machinery whose failure threatens human life. Hence the importance of developing advanced tools to analyze them, especially across the entire operating range (both stable and unstable). With these tools, one can effectively use their intellect, intuition, and common sense in the decision-making process. A classic heuristic symbiosis is thus formed. The paper demonstrates an advanced computer system called MESWIR, developed at the Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Gdańsk (IMP PAN), which generates a range of interesting diagnostic information, including multiple whirls and stochastic errors related to the unbalance vector. The research was conducted using high-speed, low-power turbines as examples. Although there is no formal theoretical proof of their correctness, the results obtained facilitate drawing the right conclusions and making informed decisions, which is the essence of decision-making heuristics.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Jan Kiciński

e-mail:

ORCID:

Grzegorz Żywica

e-mail:

ORCID:

Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland

6 A new model for anomaly detection in elbow and finger X-ray images: Proposed parallel DenseNet

Selahattin GÜÇLÜ , Durmuş ÖZDEMİR , Hamdi Melih SARAOĞLU

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2025 | 73 | 2 | e153233 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2025.153233

Słowa kluczowe: DenseNet convolution classification musculoskeletal radiographs

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Abstrakt

Image recognition is one of the essential branches of computer vision and has significant theoretical and practical importance. This study aims to enhance a deep learning model, DenseNet, by incorporating parallel structures using X-ray images from the MURA (musculoskeletal radiographs) dataset. X-ray images of the elbow and finger are analyzed using AlexNet, DenseNet, parallel DenseNet, and proposed parallel DenseNet (PPDN) deep learning models for anomaly detection, and the results are compared. For the elbow, 1534 healthy and 1630 anomaly X-ray images; for the finger, 1965 healthy and 1938 anomaly X-ray images were used to train the deep learning models. As a result of the statistical analysis, the most successful model with the test accuracy value for the elbow part was the suggested PPDN model (78.74%). The next successful model for the elbow part was AlexNet (77.05%). The most successful model for the finger part was again the PPDN model (69.97%), and the next successful model was the parallel DenseNet model for the finger part (68.94%). In anomaly detection of musculoskeletal elbow and finger X-ray images, the PPDN model is more successful than the classical DenseNet and AlexNet models in terms of test accuracy.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Selahattin GÜÇLÜ

Durmuş ÖZDEMİR

e-mail:

ORCID:

Hamdi Melih SARAOĞLU

e-mail:

ORCID:

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kütahya Dumlupınar University, Kütahya, Türkiye
Department of Computer Engineering, Kütahya Dumlupınar University, Kütahya, Türkiye

7 Research on fire smoke traceability based on emotional intelligence Jaya algorithm

Xiaoxiao Liu , Wenhan Zhong , Tao Ding , Luyao Lin , Jinxia Mu , Jianghuan Shi , Zesong Li

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2025 | 73 | 2 | e152708 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2024.152708

Słowa kluczowe: fire smoke gas traceability EIJaya algorithm UAV

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Abstrakt

To timely detect fire smoke in the early stages and trace the gas generated, thereby avoiding the loss of human life and property and reducing damage to the ecological environment, this paper proposes a fire smoke tracing method based on the emotional intelligence Jaya algorithm (EĲaya). The algorithm assigns an anthropomorphic mental state to the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in the traceability task to realize its self-evaluation and social evaluation. In the simulation concentration field, the EĲaya algorithm, the basic Jaya algorithm, and the PSO algorithm were used for the verification of the simulation of gas traceability, and the simulation results proved the advantages of the EĲaya algorithm in terms of the success rate and the iteration times. In this paper, the TT UAV was chosen as an experimental tool to utilize the functions of its expansion module fully, and the experimental hardware system was constructed by combining it with the corresponding sensors. The corresponding experimental scene was built in the indoor environment, and the EĲaya algorithm was used to make multiple UAVs cooperate and conduct traceability experiments, which verified the algorithm feasibility in practical applications and proved that the algorithm could quickly and accurately trace the fire smoke.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Xiaoxiao Liu

Wenhan Zhong

Tao Ding

e-mail:

ORCID:

Luyao Lin

Jinxia Mu

Jianghuan Shi

Zesong Li

China Jiliang University, China
Zhejiang Light Industrial Products Inspection and Research Institute, China
Ningbo Institute of Measurement and Testing, China

8 Machine learning-based fault detection in transmission lines: A comparative study with random search optimization

Yıldırım Özüpak

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2025 | 73 | 2 | e153229 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2025.153229

Słowa kluczowe: power systems fault detection transmission line machine learning random search regression

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Abstrakt

Regular and fast monitoring of transmission line faults is of immense importance for the uninterrupted transmission of electrical energy. Rapid detection and classification of faults accelerate the repair process of the system, reducing downtime and increasing the efficiency and reliability of the power system. In this context, machine learning stands out as an effective solution for transmission line fault detection. In this study, fault detection is performed using machine learning techniques such as decision trees, logistic regression, and support vector machines. Random search hyperparameter optimization was applied to improve the performance of the models. The models were trained and tested with data from fault-free and faulted cases. While the support vector machines model showed the lowest performance with 74.19% test accuracy, the logistic regression model achieved 97.01% test accuracy. The decision tree model showed the best performance with low error rates. Error measures such as root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) were also used to evaluate the predictive power of the models. This research demonstrates how machine learning-based methods can be effectively used in the detection of transmission line faults and presents the performance of different algorithms in a comparative manner.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Yıldırım Özüpak

e-mail:

ORCID:

Dicle University, Silvan Vocational School, Electrical Department, Diyarbakır, Türkiye

9 A paradigm for building fire safety

Jadwiga Fangrat

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2025 | 73 | 2 | e152606 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2024.152606

Słowa kluczowe: paradigm building fire safety engineering material database sustainability

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Abstrakt

The aim of this study is to describe the fire safety paradigm using the concept of T. Kuhn, its components, and its role and significance for the further development of construction science, particularly the fire safety of buildings. The components of the fire safety paradigm form a complex structure (system) that is presented graphically to illustrate the interconnections and interactions between them. This structure is built by analogy with a three-dimensional coordinate system using linguistic quantities. Currently, it is not yet possible to assign a sequence of numbers representing the coordinates of a point in the space of this system. The three axes of this system determine the major groups of paradigm elements: – fire safety; – components; – activities and inputs. For each group, the components were distinguished and then briefly described and characterized, emphasizing their mutual connections and importance for the fire safety of buildings. Some significant gaps in the systemic approach to fire safety in the EU were discussed and illustrated by the example of the Grenfell Tower fire in London. The paradigm described is universal, and its universality is based on the possession of certain common attributes characteristic of the fire safety environment and their interpretation, as well as on the manner in which fire safety entities implement them. A paradigm shift will result in the introduction of a fire toxicity criterion for the assessment of construction products, which, for unknown reasons, has so far only been implemented in relation to cables. The second necessary amendment is the addition of a requirement for the spread of fires on building facades.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Jadwiga Fangrat

e-mail:

ORCID:

Building Research Institute, Warszawa, Poland

Instrukcja dla autorów

Guide for Authors

https://www.editorialsystem.com/bpasts/journal/for_authors/

As of January 1st, 2025, there are changes in the fees for open access publications in Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences: 2000 PLN (approx. 500 EUR) - up to 8 pages of the journal format and mandatory over-length charges of 250 PLN (approx. 60 EUR) per page (see the above link with instructions for Authors for details)

Guide for Reviewers

https://www.editorialsystem.com/bpasts/journal/for_reviewers/

Call for Papers

https://www.editorialsystem.com/bpasts/journal/call_for_papers/

Guide for Guest Editors

https://www.editorialsystem.com/editor/bpasts/journal/page1/

Dodatkowe informacje

NEW PUBLICATION FEES
Articles submitted by December 31st, 2024: existing fee: 1500 PLN (and mandatory over-length charges of 230 PLN per page)
Articles submitted from January 1st, 2025: new fee: 2000 PLN (approx. 500 EUR- depending on the exchange rate) - a flat fee per paper up to 8 pages of the journal format (each additional page will be charged an additional 250 PLN).