Applied sciences

Archives of Civil Engineering

Content

Archives of Civil Engineering | 2024 | vol. 70 | No 2

Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The article addresses the spatial aspect as a factor of significant importance for the success of rehabilitation functions. The location of cognitive rehabilitation activities in an open, urban space allows people with reduced fitness to take up stress-free rehabilitation activity without time limitations and without stigmatization. The architectural design of the positions for mental rehabilitation implemented in public space was addressed to people with dysfunctions of all ages and people suffering from covid fog as a result of a past disease. This article presents the results of preliminary observational studies conducted on a focus group of COVID19 convalescents, who were provided with an open rehabilitation space equipped with 12 rehabilitation tables. The results showed the decisive influence of the placement of rehabilitation elements in the open green space for rehabilitation results. The task of the mind training path is to raise and maintain intellectual fitness in a friendly recreational space. Prototype studies have shown that, de-pending on the arrangement of individual stops, the mind training path offers different efficiency of exercises, but it is always a better result than in closed spaces of medical facilities.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Rafał Blazy
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hanna Hrehorowicz-Gaber
2
Alicja Hrehorowicz-Nowak
3

  1. Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture, Departmentof Spatial Planning, Urban and Rural Design A-5, Warszawska Street 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
  2. Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture, Department of SpatialPlanning, Urban and Rural Design A-5, Warszawska Street 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
  3. CracowUniversity of Technology, Faculty of Architecture, Department of Spatial Planning,Urban and Rural Design A-5,Warszawska Street 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

In accordance with the principles of sustainable construction, the results of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) technique are useful inputs to the decision-making process when designing a building. This article presents such an analysis of a finished building product, which is a modified concrete mix. The calculations took into account the phases of the A1–A4 cycle, i.e. from the extraction of raw materials to the transport of the finished material to the construction site. Test results for concrete mixes and 28-day solid concrete are presented in tabular form. Based on all the test results obtained, it was found that the addition of waste polypropylene fibres has a positive effect on the key properties for the floor concrete. It has been found that proper processing of banding tapes or other polypropylene waste into macro-fibres can be a good example of proper waste management and can contribute to a significant reduction in residual waste. This additive is emission-free and sourced from recycling, making it an excellent alternative to commonly used dispersed reinforcement.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Anna Starczyk-Kołbyk
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Military University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geodesy, ul. gen. SylwestraKaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The work is devoted to the definition of solutions for skyscraper office buildings in Warsaw against the background of the latest global technology of vertical communication systems. For this purpose, the paper presents the examples of research by design of four high-rise buildings in Warsaw, which indicate the adopted methodology of developing optimal solutions in the field of elevator service as well as the results of research and finally selected systems. The aim of the research was to achieve the initial criteria for the system’s operation. The research was carried out by iterating and varianting various configurations of the system and checking it as the basis for building core solutions. Solutions that met the defined criteria were optimal in terms of building efficiency and rental flexibility. Empirical research and its results are presented against the background of world achievements. The results indicate that both the research methodology and the systems used follow the contemporary development of the latest globally present solutions.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Marcin Goncikowski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture, ul. Koszykowa 55, 00-659Warsaw, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Precise determination of the location of underground utility networks is crucial in the field of civil engineering for: the planning and management of space with densely urbanized areas, infrastructure modernization, during construction and building renovations. In this way, damage to underground utilities can be avoided, damage risks to neighbouring buildings can be minimized, and human and material losses can be prevented. It is important to determine not only the location but also the type of underground utility network. Information about location and network types improves the process of land use design and supports the sustainable development of urban areas, especially in the context of construction works in build-up areas and areas planned for development. The authors were inspired to conduct research on this subject by the development of a methodology for classifying network types based on images obtained in a non-invasive way using a Leica DS2000 ground penetrating radar. The authors have proposed a new classification algorithm based on the geometrical properties of hyperboles that represent underground utility networks. Another aim of the research was to automate the classification process, which may support the user in selecting the type of network in images that are sometimes highly noise-laden. The developed algorithm shortens the time required for image interpretation and the selection of underground objects, which is particularly important for inexperienced operators. The classification results revealed that the average effectiveness of the classification of network types ranged from 42% to 70%, depending on the type of infrastructure.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Klaudia Pasternak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Anna Fryskowska-Skibniewska
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Military University of Technology (WAT), Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Department ofImagery Intelligence, S. Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
  2. Military University of Technology (WAT), Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geodesy,Department of Imagery Intelligence, S. Kaliskiego 2, 00-908Warsaw, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

This paper presents the results of a composite consisting mainly of industrial waste bound by a hydraulic binder. The composite consists of unburnt coal-mining slate, shredded rubber waste (SRW), fly ash and CEM I cement. The purpose of using the above components was to protect the unburnt coal-mining slate from the negative effects of water, which causes degradation of the aggregate grain size and significantly affects the load-bearing capacity of the aggregate. This was achieved through the use of a binder consisting of shredded waste rubber, fly ash and cement, which imparts hydrophobic properties to the composite. The composite is to be used in road pavement construction and earthworks as a substitute for standard materials. This paper focuses on testing the effects of 5, 10 and 15% additions of shredded rubber waste (SRW) on the physical and mechanical parameters of the composite, mainly compressive strength, water absorption by mass, capillary rise and deformability under cyclic loading. The composite was tested under cyclic loading conditions using a measurement system based on digital image correlation (DIC), with which the deformations occurring on the surface of the test specimens were determined. The results obtained showed the influence of shredded rubber waste additives on the decrease in compression strength (after 7 and 28 days of specimen care), mass water absorption and capillary rise, as well as an increase in the deformability of the composite under destructive loading and cyclic loading.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Konrad Walotek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Joanna Bzówka
2
ORCID: ORCID
Adrian Ciołczyk
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Geotechnics andRoads, ul. Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
  2. Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department ofGeotechnics and Roads, ul. Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The aim of the study was to determine the shear strength of mineral and anthropogenic soil of similar grain size as a function of the applied shear rate and water saturation. Stability calculations using the finite element method of the road embankment model were also carried out to demonstrate the variation in factor of safety values depending on the adopted values of the angle of internal friction and cohesion. The tests were carried out in a direct shear apparatus in a 100 x 100 mm box with a sample height of 20.5 mm. The samples were formed directly in the apparatus box at optimum moisture content until a compaction index of IS = 1.00 was obtained. Tests were carried out under conditions without and with water saturation at shear rates of 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mm•min–1 until 18% horizontal displacement was achieved. The results showed that the effect of shear rate on the strength parameters was not unequivocal and was much smaller than the changes caused by saturation of samples. An increase in shear rate resulted in small changes in the angle of internal friction with a tendency towards a decrease. In contrast, cohesion varied over a much larger range with increasing shear rate, with an apparent initial decrease and subsequent increase. The saturation of the samples resulted in a decrease in the angle of internal friction of the cohesive soil and an increase for the ash-slag mixture. The cohesion of both soils decreased. The results obtained from the road embankment model stability calculations confirmed that soil saturation had a greater influence on the factor of safety values obtained than the shear rate.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Gruchot
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tymoteusz Zydron
2

  1. University of Agriculture in Kraków, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Land Surveying,Department of Hydraulic Engineering and Geotechnics, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
  2. University of Agriculture in Kraków, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and LandSurveying, Department of Hydraulic Engineering and Geotechnics, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

A new world record for crude steel production was recorded in 2021, which increased by 3.8% over 2020. This also affected the amount of slag produced with this production. Total waste from industrial and construction production throughout the European Union accounts for as much as 48%. Therefore, waste management should provide for the recovery of as many resources as possible. European Union strategies in line with the circular economy objectives focus on ensuring policy coherence in the areas of climate, energy efficiency, construction and demolition waste management and resource efficiency. Slags are a material of interest to researchers in terms of their use in construction. Slags, on the one hand, are materials that are becoming better understood on the other hand, we are making sure of the heterogeneity of these materials. The characteristics of physical properties of slags are influenced by many factors, including the furnace split in which they are produced. This prompts the search for tools to help determine the parameters of slags based on already available data. The study aimed to verify the hypothesis that it is possible to determine the parameter of the filtration coefficient, relevant to applications in earth structures using the machine learning algorithm – Random Forest. In the study, two types of material were analysed: blast furnace slag and furnace slag. The results of the analysis yielded a high coefficient of determination (R2) – 0.84–0.92. This leads us to believe that the algorithm may prove useful in determining filtration parameters in slags.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Justyna Dzięcioł
1
Wojciech Sas
2

  1. Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Institute of Civil Engineering, 159 Nowoursynowska,02-776 Warsaw, Poland
  2. Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW,Water Centre SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska,02-776 Warsaw, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The modern development of urban areas is related to, among others, the location of industrial facilities on the outskirts of cities. More and more often, commercial buildings are founded on areas that have not been used for construction so far. Such areas include, among others: reclaimed lignite mine banks in the Konin region. The man-made soil is a chaotic mixture of fragments of glacial tills and Pliocene clays, often exceeding 20 m in thickness, which is naturally consolidated over time. Due to the method of formation of the embankment, despite the fact that banks are made of natural soil, their strength and deformation characteristics clearly differ from those characteristic of lithologically similar soils deposited as a result of geological processes. In this case, the use of a standard test approach may overestimate the strength and stiffness of the soil. Due to the complex structure of the bank in-situ tests were used for geotechnical exploration: CPTU and FVT, as well as laboratory tests in a triaxial apparatus and an oedometer. The results were compared with the results of studies conducted in similar naturally deposited soils. The obtained results provide valuable geotechnical characteristics of the embankment soil, which in its large fragments is built of natural soil clasts. The obtained results indicate a relatively small change in the geotechnical properties of the soils incorporated into the embankment within individual clasts of the natural soil (on a local scale) and a clear deterioration in the scale of the entire embankment, treated as the impact zone of building structures.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Jędrzej Wierzbicki
1
ORCID: ORCID
Katarzyna Stefaniak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Anita Hofman
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Geology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

In the case analysed, a glass fibre mesh was applied under the asphalt layer during a rehabilitation treatment. Because only one lane was reinforced, the test section can be used to observe the influence of glass fibre mesh on the relationship between the selected deflection basin parameters (RoC, BLI, MLI, and LLI) and back-calculated pavement layer moduli. The FWD measures were used to determine the bowl of deflection indicators and to back-calculate the layer’s moduli. The values of DBP-s allowed confirmation of the technical condition of pavement construction. The first measures were carried out in 2019 and repeated in 2021; the results were then compared and analysed. Influence was observed on the relationship between the deflection basin and moduli, especially for the base course and subgrade. The reinforced lane showed a better coefficient of determination between DBPs and moduli in 2019, but in 2021 relationships were observed only for LLI and subgrade moduli. The unreinforced lane, however, showed the mentioned relationships in both 2019 and 2021. Because of a relatively small number of measurement points, the presented analyses and observations should be considered as preliminary. Presented results and relationships are another step into developing an alternative approach to determining the initial pavement moduli i.e. to use as a seed moduli.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Mateusz Kałuża
1
Mirosław Kotasinski
1

  1. Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Akademicka 5, 44-100 Gliwice,Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The paper focuses on the system reliability of steel trusses with correlated variables. The correlation between bearing capacities of bars was considered. Two static truss schemes were considered. Nodal forces were the only load. The Finite Element Method analysis was conducted in Robot Structural Analysis program. To conduct system reliability analysis it is essential to find cut-sets, it was realized by stiffness matrix spectral analysis. Then reliability analysis was performed in Sysrel module of Strurel computing environment. First Order Reliability Method was used as the base, Subset Simulation method was used to check the correctness of the results. The sensitivity analysis of reliability index enabled the authors to draw conclusions, which variables have the greatest influence on the reliability of the structure. The effects of actions and bearing capacities were assumed to be the only random variables and that the excessing the bearing capacities of bars is the only way the structure can get into failure area.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Kubicka
1
ORCID: ORCID
Urszula Radon
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Kielce University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Al. 1000-lecia PanstwaPolskiego 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

For non-metallic reinforcement to be successfully integrated into residential and commercial construction, extensive research is required to understand the structural performance of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) reinforced concrete (RC) elements in various conditions, including the effect of elevated temperatures on structural performance. To accomplish this, a full-scale investigation was performed on the structural performance of FRP-RC elements subjected to elevated temperatures. The study involved conducting fire tests on beams, where the midsection was heated from below (tension zone) and the sides while being simultaneously loaded with 50% of their ultimate loads. The beams were reinforced with Basalt FRP (BFRP) bars and a hybrid composite of Carbon and Basalt Fibers (HFRP) bars. The HFRP-RC beams showed better resistance to the combined effect of loading and elevated temperatures compared to BFRP-RC beams. This study provides insights into the behavior of FRP materials in RC structures subjected to high temperatures, and contributes to the advancement of knowledge in this field.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Kostiantyn Protchenko
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Al. Armii Ludowej 16,00-637 Warsaw, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The revitalisation of post-harbour and waterfront areas is an issue that has been subject to intensive public discussion over the recent years. The topic is becoming increasingly popular due to the high value of post-harbour areas. They are distinguished by their aesthetic, environmental and recreational qualities. The possibilities for developing such areas are considerable: residential development, waterfront park areas, public spaces, a variety of service developments. So far, many successful projects of such transformation have been carried out. This article focuses on an analysis of the conditions and potential of the Port of Zeran in Warsaw and the possibilities for its transformation. The study was carried out by desk research using available spatial data and information provided in scientific publications. A survey was also carried out on a group of 146 Zeran residents. The results of the analyses showed that the local environment is under heavy anthropopressure and the social and technical infrastructure is in very poor condition, while the area also has many advantages and significant development potential. The most important of these include the convenient location, the favourable ownership situation, the multitude of areas not yet developed and the presence of elements related to former activities. The current condition of the harbour offers opportunities for development in both recreational and leisure and residential directions. It is also possible to create a mixed-use neighbourhood, and the potential development would have a positive impact on the entire neighbourhood.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Łukasz Kuzak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Cezary Gabryel
1
ORCID: ORCID
Alina Maciejewska
2
ORCID: ORCID
Janusz Sobieraj
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography, plac Politechniki 1, 00-661,Warsaw, Poland
  2. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography, plac Politechniki1, 00-661, Warsaw, Poland
  3. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637Warsaw, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

This study focuses on experimental ageing tests with high temperatures carried out on prototype under ballast mats (UBMs) according to the procedure of the European standard EN 17282, which was introduced in late 2020. Most of the analysed UBM samples are based on recycled elastomeric materials, such as styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) granules and fibres from end-of-life car tyres and rebond polyurethane waste from polyurethane product manufacturing plants. Additionally, two variations of the mat based on mineral wool are analysed. Significant differences in the values of static and dynamic characteristics measured before and after the ageing tests are demonstrated, and permanent deformations of the recycled polyurethane-based mats are shown. Moreover, it is proved that the elastomeric mats based on recycled rubber materials (SBR granules and fibres) have high durability and are an effective solution in terms of protection against vibration and structure-borne noise from railway traffic. In addition, the authors propose criteria for assessing the results of the ageing test with high temperatures of UBMs tested according to the procedure of EN 17282.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Cezary Kraskiewicz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Artur Zbiciak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Anna Al Sabouni-Zawadzka
ORCID: ORCID
Kacper Wasilewski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Al. Armii Ludowej 16,00-637 Warsaw, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Take the metamorphic sandstone as the reference object, by making rock like samples with fractures, the conventional triaxial loading and unloading test and PFC numerical simulation of rock like sample with single fracture were conducted, and the effects of the loading path, inclined angle of fracture, axial stress level during unloading, initial confining pressure during unloading on the compressive strength, peak strain and crack propagation evolution of the samples were considered. The compressive strength of the specimen under triaxial unloading is smaller than that under triaxial loading. The peak strain of the specimen under triaxial unloading is also smaller than that under triaxial loading. The specimen is more prone to brittle failure. When the axial stress level is the same during unloading, with the increase of the initial confining pressure during unloading, the difference of the compressive strength of the specimens with different inclined angles of fracture gradually decreases. Under the condition of uniaxial compression and triaxial compression, the failure of all specimens is tensile failure, and the shear failure is the main one during unloading.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Yin Tang
1
ORCID: ORCID
Haijun Chen
2
ORCID: ORCID
Liangxiao Xiong
3
ORCID: ORCID
Zhongyuan Xu
4
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Geotechnical Engineering Institute, Sichuan Institute of Building Research, Chengdu 610081, China
  2. Geotechnical Engineering Department, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210029,China
  3. School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiaotong University,Nanchang 330013, China
  4. Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756,China
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The objective of conducted research on the hot metal desulfurization process was to determine the key process parameters that impact the ultimate outcome of desulfurization. As a result, the noticeable outcome of implementing these measures should be the improvement of quality control. In order to determine these parameters, used artificial intelligence methods like as neural networks (ANN). On the basis of the production data collected from the actual metallurgical aggregate for hot metal desulfurization, neural networks were built that used quantitative data (mass of hot metal, mass of used reagents, etc.) and qualitative data (chemical analysis of hot metal). The parameters of the desulfurization process were divided into state parameters and control parameters. From the point of view of the technology of conducting the desulfurization process and building an on-line model, only control parameters can be changed during desulfurization. To describe the problem of predicting change in the sulfur content during the hot metal desulfurization process is sufficient an MLP type neural network with a single hidden layer. Adopting a more complex network structure would probably lead to a loss of the ability to generalise the problem. The research was carried out in STATISTICA Automated Neural Networks SANN.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Angelika Podolska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jan Falkus
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science,ul. Czarnowiejska 66, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
  2. AGH University of Krakow, Faculty Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science,ul. Czarnowiejska 66, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Steel-concrete composite beam has been increasingly applied to large span cable-stayed bridges. It takes full advantage of the material properties of steel and concrete. However, the concrete deck bears tension in the negative moment zone, such as zero block, which is disadvantageous to structures. Aiming at this problem, a finite element model of the zero block in the negative moment zone of a semi-floating cable-stayed bridge is built, and the local mechanical performance of the bridge deck under completed status is studied. Based on the analysis results, three improvement measures have been proposed. The improvement effect of each method and composed of three methods has been studied. The numerical results show that the whole zero block zone is in the compressed state under the combined action of the bending moment and axial force of the stay cable. However, the local negative moment effect in the zero block zone is very prominent under the support of the diaphragm plate. Removing parts of the diaphragm plate at the bearing position can significantly improve local mechanical behavior in the concrete deck, which transfers the local support to the adjacent two diaphragm plates. The composed improvement effect is prominent when the three measures are adopted simultaneously.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Tianyu Qi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Chao Wang
2
ORCID: ORCID
Xiang Pan
3
ORCID: ORCID
Guining Han
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Hubei University of Technology, School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment,Wuhan.Hubei, China
  2. Hubei University of Technology, School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment, KeyLaboratory of Intelligent Health Perception and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes, Ministry of Education,Wuhan. Hubei, China
  3. Hubei University of Technology, School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment,Wuhan. Hubei, China
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

This paper presents the analysis of intermediate and end debonding failure in slab strengthened using carbon tapes (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer). The calculations are based on the more accurate method in the latest fib Bulletin 90. Consideration of additional effects based on three conditions: basic bond, bond friction and member curvature in the intermediate crack debonding analysis give the ratios ΔFf EdFf Rd from 0.01 to 0.11, depending on the cross-section. For comparison in the simplified analysis of the ratio, MEd/MRd is equal 0.76. It is clearly visible the methods requiring more computational effort give lower values of element effort and allows the design to be more economical. As the strengthening fulfills the ultimate limit state, it does not meet the serviceability limit state.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Renata Kotynia
1
ORCID: ORCID
Monika Kaszubska
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Lodz University of Technology, Department of Concrete Structures, Al. Politechniki 6,93-590 Łódz, Poland
  2. Lodz University of Technology, Department of Building Materials Physics and SustainableConstruction, Al. Politechniki 6, 93-590 Łódz, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Static liquefaction is a form of unstable behaviour of granular soil. It is most common in saturated loose sands under monotonically loaded undrained conditions. Predicting static liquefaction using an elastic-plastic model that incorporates the non-associated plastic flow rule and strain hardening is possible. The article briefly describes the unstable behaviour of saturated sand in undrained conditions under a monotonic load. A simple elastic-plastic model with deviatoric hardening and a Drucker–Prager load surface is presented. The constitutive relationships were programmed in a Python script. Simulations of triaxial tests under mixed stress-strain control demonstrated the model’s ability to predict various undrained sand responses, including fully stable responses (no liquefaction) and partial and complete liquefaction under triaxial compression and tension. Predicting static liquefaction is possible by properly selecting the proportions of the parameters involved in plastic potential and loading functions and the parameter A used in the deviatoric hardening rule of hyperbolic type.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Sternik
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, ul. Akademicka 5, 44-100 Gliwice,Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The article presents the results of a detailed experimental campaign including a compressive strength test, three- and four-point bending test (3PBT and 4PBT, respectively) of polymer fiber reinforced concrete with the addition of metakaolin. The comprehensive analysis included three Types of concrete mixture differing in amount and used polymer fibers. It was concluded that polymer fibers did not influence the maximum compressive and flexural tensile strength of concrete. On the other hand, they had a beneficial effect on the ductility, residual and equivalent flexural tensile strengths, and fracture energy of samples. The mixtures of Type 1 and 2 were characterized by softening behaviour but the mixture of Type 3 by soft-hardening behaviour. In the 3PBT, the residual flexural tensile strengths obtained according to EN 14651 did not correspond clearly with equivalent flexural tensile strengths calculated in compliance with RILEM TC 162-TDF. It is noteworthy that the effectiveness and correctness of equations presented in other work of the authors referring to dependencies between deflection, crack and tip mouth opening displacements for the 3PBT were confirmed on samples with different composition and fibers. Based on the 4PBT, the equivalent flexural tensile strengths according to JCI-SF4 standard were calculated and the correlations with the results from 3PBT were defined.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Julia Blazy
1
Łukasz Drobiec
2
Paweł Wolka
3

  1. Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Akademicka 5, 44-100 Gliwice,Poland
  2. Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Akademicka 5,44-100 Gliwice, Poland
  3. Astra Technologia Betonu sp. z o.o., 83-010 Straszyn, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The paper presents three methods of modelling of foundation stiffness beneath intermediate support of a 178 m long integral box girder viaduct and its impact on the values and distribution of displacements and internal forces in the pier of this support. The pier support is made of cast in situ reinforced concrete of strength class C50/60. For the analysis, three models were built in Abaqus FEA software. The first model A3D in Fig. 1 represents a complex three-dimensional model. The second L2D and the third H2D model shown in Fig. 2 represent simple two-dimensional models. The stiffness of the subgrade beneath the structure in the second and third model was modelled as spring constants calculated based on the equations given in the reference [8] model L2D and [10] model H2D. The middle range value of Young’s modulus for sand and gravel was used to calculate the subgrade stiffness parameters. In all models, a horizontal displacement in the Y direction of value 20 mm and a vertical force of value 18200 kN were applied to the top of the pier support. The horizontal displacement was caused by the thermal longitudinal expansion of the six-span viaduct deck and the braking force. The vertical force was caused by the dead, superimposed, and live loads acting on the viaduct deck. Finally, the values and distributions of displacements and internal forces in the pier support from the complex model were compared with the values in two simple models. The author focuses on the method of modelling of foundation stiffness of the pier support and its impact on the values of displacements and internal forces in the pier support. A similar structure analysed in this paper was design-checked by the author in Ireland [4].
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Helowicz
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Na Grobli 15,50-421 Wrocław, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The purpose of laboratory tests was to determine the effect of sodium silicate and selected hydrophobic agents on the basic physical parameters and freeze-thaw durability of mortars made with Sorel cement in variable proportions. In order to determine the mortars’ parameters, samples of the dimensions of 4x4x16 cm and boards of the diameters of 1x4x16 cm were prepared. Parameters such as water absorption, capillary absorption, compressive and flexural strength and frost resistance were tested. Mortar supplemented with sodium silicate in the quantity of 2.6% of all components demonstrated the best properties. None of the other hydrophobic agents that were used to mitigate the negative effects of water on Sorel cement mortars demonstrated such positive properties. Flexural strength tests of all mortar batches, performed on cuboid samples and boards of the thickness of 1 cm, demonstrated a similar improvement in strength. The lowest value of compressive strength was recorded for the reference batch at 46.6 MPa, whereas the highest value was recorded for the second batch containing sodium silicate, at 49.8 MPa. During the testing of frost resistance, the lowest reduction of compressive and flexural strength was recorded for the reference mortar and for mortar with sodium silicate. All mortars were varied in the MgO/MgCl2 ratio and the total amount of water, the observed effects may be caused by other variables. However it is possible to notice the positive effect of selected hydrophobic agents.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Anna Kotwa
1
ORCID: ORCID
Adam Kłak
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Kielce University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Al. Tysi ˛acleciaPanstwa Polskiego 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland
  2. Kielce University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Al. Tysi˛acleciaPanstwa Polskiego 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The FRP reinforcement gained importance due to high tensile strength, high durability and ecological friendliness [1–7]. Its usefulness as the internal or Near Surface Mounted reinforcement in bent concrete elements has already been proven. Though, in terms of the compressive behaviour of the bars and concrete elements incorporating them, there are still few experimental and numerical considerations, especially when high temperatures are considered. This article contains further considerations on the performance of concrete columns with BFRP main reinforcement in fire resistance tests on the basis of previously presented authors’ numerical analyses. Comparative analysis in terms of temperatures, deformations and stresses of concrete columns with BFRP and steel main reinforcement in fire resistance tests is presented by the example of two columns, for which also experimental investigations were performed. Also, a comparative analysis of stress-strain relations for BFRP, steel and concrete at temperatures up to 600°C is presented. It can be concluded that BFRP bars’ properties are strongly different when compressive and tensile performance is considered, especially at elevated temperatures. Tensile strength was higher for BFRP than steel at room temperature, but along with temperature growth, it came the other way (at around 600°C). The compressive strength of the BFRP bars was higher than the value for concrete, but only for temperatures lower than 200°C.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Małgorzata Wydra
1
ORCID: ORCID
Piotr Turkowski
2
ORCID: ORCID
Jadwiga Fangrat
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Mechanics and Petrochemistry,ul. Łukasiewicza 17, 09-407, Płock, Poland
  2. Building Research Institute, ul. Filtrowa 1, 00-611, Warsaw, Poland
  3. Building Research Institute, ul. Filtrowa 1, 00-611, Warsaw, Poland,
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

With the development of building seismic isolation technology and the official release of the Isolation Code in September 2021, seismic isolation design in China will now rely on two foundational codes: the Seismic Code and the Isolation Code. This paper take a ceramic jar storage of the RC frame structure as the research object, and carry out the seismic isolation design based on the separated calculation design method of the Seismic Code and the unitary calculation design method of the Isolation Code respectively, and clarify the control index of the Isolation Code is the story drift angle. The maximum displacement is reduced by 37.5%. In terms of material consumption, the Isolation Code leads to a 5.94% decrease in concrete usage, accompanied by a 13.97% increase in steel consumption, resulting in an overall cost increase of 4.98%. The findings indicate that seismic isolation design, guided by the Isolation Code, substantially mitigates the seismic response of the superstructure. The damage extent to structural members is reduced by 15–20%, promoting enhanced safety and repairability. The outcomes of this study offer valuable insights for future seismic isolation designs in RC frame structures.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Junyi Zhang
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jiawei Li
1
ORCID: ORCID
Zhiqiang Zhang
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. College of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Excessive settlement or differential settlement of subgrade will lead to the deterioration of line operational conditions, the reduction of passenger comfort, and even endanger the safety of traffic. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the settlement prediction of subgrade. In order to predict the settlement of foundation under the next level of loading earlier during the embankment construction process, a new method of predicting settlement of soft soil subgrade is proposed. Firstly, based on monitoring results of soft soil foundation, the consolidation parameters of soil layer are back-calculated according to the three-point method. Then, combined with the theory of the consolidation degree of graded loading, the formula that can predict settlement under different loading conditions are derived. Eventually, the practical application of the method is verified by the prediction and comparative analysis of measured settlements based on engineering examples. The result of research shows that the method can predict the foundation settlement after loading during construction of engineering fill. This method has obvious advantages over the traditional curve fitting method and can guide the actual engineering construction.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Xiong Meng
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jifa Zheng
2
ORCID: ORCID
Biyu Yang
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. The Investment and Development Co., LTD. of Zhaotong Zhaoyang Round City Expressway,Zhaotong 657000, China
  2. Changsha University of Science and Technology, School of Transportation Engineering,Changsha 410114, China
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The research focuses on solving the important problem of slope stability in the field of civil engineering. The study adopted an advanced strength double reduction coefficient method for slope stability analysis, which considers the different influence weights of cohesion and internal friction angle, and reduces them with different reduction coefficients to describe the stability of the slope. The simulation experiment results indicate that the attenuation degree of cohesion and internal friction angle affects slope stability. When the reduction coefficient of cohesion increases to 1.737 and the reduction coefficient of internal friction angle increases to 1.201, the slope is prone to instability and failure, and the safety factor of the calculated result is 1.493. Moreover, when the anti-slip pile is set in the middle of the slope (1/2), and the slope is in a critical state, the bending moment and shear force suffered by the anti-slip pile are both maximum, so the reinforcement effect is also the best.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Yucong Gao
1
ORCID: ORCID
Yue Zhao
2
ORCID: ORCID
Tianyuan Xu
3
ORCID: ORCID
Jinlong Xu
4
ORCID: ORCID

  1. School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China
  2. Xuzhou Power Supply Company, Xuzhou 221000, China
  3. State Grid Henan Electric Power Company, Zhengzhou 450000, China
  4. State Grid Dongying Power Supply Company, Dongying 257100, China
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

In recent years, bridge safety accidents caused by insufficient shear bearing capacity of bridges have attracted increasing attention. The main causes include internal factors such as insufficient bridge section and deterioration of steel bars, as well as external factors, for example, vehicle load surge and improper maintenance. To address this issue to some degree, this article adopts the method of strengthening RC beams with ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) and conducts parameter analysis using finite element method, taking into consideration the influence of four parameters: reinforcement material, reinforcement thickness, reinforcement length, and reinforcement form on the shear strengthening characteristics of RC rectangular beams. After obtaining the optimal reinforcement plan through parameter analysis, the author applied the research results to an existing bridge with insufficient shear strength. It then turned out that the shear bearing capacity of the reinforced bridge’s inclined section increased by approximately 27.1%. Simple and fast in construction, this reinforcement method is one of the methods that is effective to increase cross-section reinforcement; besides, it features good economic characteristics and applicability.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Jiawei Wang
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ziqian Wang
2
Feifei Ying
3
ORCID: ORCID
Haitao Yu
4
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Anhui Polytechnic University, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Wuhu City, BeijingMiddle Road, China
  2. Anhui Polytechnic University, School of Architecture[ and Civil Engineering, Wuhu City, Beijing MiddleRoad, China
  3. Anhui Polytechnic University, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Wuhu City, Beijing MiddleRoad, China
  4. Heilongjiang Longfeng Highway Engineering Test Co.,LTD, Harbin City, Hexing Road, China
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The multi ribbed composite wall structure is also known as the multi ribbed wall panel light frame structure. This structure is suitable for housing construction in the residential field. The special structural failure process and mode of multi ribbed composite walls are different from traditional walls. To fully utilize the excellent structural performance in building construction and improve the seismic performance of the building, based on the transformation principle of subset optimization algorithm for optimization problems, a constrained subset simulation optimization algorithm suitable for optimizing the maximum displacement angle of multi ribbed composite wall panels is designed. The Bayesian algorithm is used to construct a restoring force model for multi ribbed composite wall panels. The constrained subset simulation optimization algorithm and resilience model are used to optimize the seismic performance of 4-layer multi ribbed composite wall panels. The results show that the section height and the equivalent slant support width of the continuous column for the 4-story multi ribbed composite wall panel change from discrete distribution to aggregation with the increase of iteration. Finally, the sampling is stable in the 9th floor. At this time, the section height of the continuous column is 230 mm, and the equivalent slant support width is 525. After optimization, the failure probability of both extreme displacement angle states has decreased. When the peak ground acceleration is 1.0 g, the optimized second limit state failure probability is less than 100%. When the peak ground acceleration value is between 0.2 g and 0.6 g, both limit states show a rapid upward trend. The constrained subset simulation optimization algorithm and Bayesian quantitative resilience model proposed in the research can effectively optimize the seismic performance of multi ribbed composite walls.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Xu Hu
1
Lu He
1

  1. Department of Real Estate and Engineering Management, Liaoning Urban Construction Technical College,Shenyang, 110122, China
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

In this study, the fresh and hardened performance and durability of one-part ground granulated blast furnace slags (GGBFS) activated by solid CaO and Na2CO3 were discussed, and their hydration process and microstructure development were analyzed accordingly. Results showed that when the water-to-binder ratio was 0.32, the alkali-activated slag (AAS) paste exhibited lower flowability, higher yield stress and plastic viscosity. As the content of CaO and Na2CO3 increased, the yield stress, plastic viscosity, and compressive strength of AAS after hardening all increased. For the durability of the hardened sample, AAS with high content of activator have higher shrinkage strain and chloride ion flux. The microscopic analysis results indicated that AAS containing CaO and Na2CO3 exhibited more intense hydration heat release and rapid microstructure development in the early stage, thereby promoting the improvement of strength. The use of CaO and Na2CO3 to activate GGBFS has enormous application potential in solid waste utilization and carbon emission reduction, which can reasonably replace traditional Portland cement (PC) as a new generation of sustainable cementitious materials.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Qian Li
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Henan Open University, School of Architectural Engineering and Intelligent Construction, Zhengzhou450008, China
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The objective of this study is to assess the impact of utilizing a BW (Buttress wall) to control the deflection of a diaphragm wall in colluvial soil conditions in Vietnam. The physical and mechanical properties of the colluvial layers are evaluated using data closely monitored during a specific project, serving as validation for 3D numerical simulations utilizing the Hardening Soil Model. The analysis results closely match the field monitoring data, which has tested the accuracy of the simulation model. This forms the basis for further investigations into the dimensional parameters of BW walls, including length, thickness, and spacing between them. The results obtained from the parametric study demonstrate that altering the wall length and spacing between BWwalls significantly limits the deflection of the diaphragm wall, while changes in thickness have a negligible effect. Through the 3D numerical simulations, a linear relationship between the maximum wall deflection and parameters such as wall length and spacing between BW walls has been established.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Luc Manh Bui
1
ORCID: ORCID
Li Wu
2
ORCID: ORCID
Minh Ngoc Do
3
Yao Cheng
4
ORCID: ORCID
Dao Jun Dong
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), No. 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
  2. Doctoral supervisor, Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), No. 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
  3. Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Civil Engineering Faculty, University of Transport Technology, No. 54 Trieukhuc Road, Hanoi, Vietnam
  4. Doctoral supervisor, Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), No. 388 Lumo Road,Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

In recent years, great emphasis has been placed on the introduction of energy-saving solutions to the construction sector. Building envelopes made of concrete with a specially selected composition give great opportunities in this regard. As part of a wide-ranging experiment, the authors undertook to diagnose how much thermal conductivity, volumetric specific heat and thermal diffusivity can be improved with an aerating admixture and different types of aggregates. Three groups of composites were tested: B1 – on stone aggregate, B2 – on expanded clay aggregate, B3 – on sintered fly ash aggregate. Each of the groups was divided into 4 formulations made without an aerating admixture and with its increasingly higher content of 0.8, 1.1, 1.4% in relation to the weight of cement. The thermal parameters were measured on the top (T) and bottom (B) surfaces of 36 rectangular samples (3 samples from each of the 12 mixtures) with the ISOMET 2104 apparatus. Diagnostic tests concerning the influence of measurement conditions were carried out on dry and water-saturated samples. It has been proven that for each composite and in both conditions, the values of thermal parameters determined on the lower surfaces will not correctly describe the properties of the real structure present in the main volume of the element. Only measurements carried out on surfaces with a structure corresponding to the interior of the element provide adequate data that can be used in decision-making processes and in numerical simulations to assess the real thermal qualities of building envelopes.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Halina Garbalinska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Małgorzata Matys
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. West PomeranianUniversity of Technology in Szczecin, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Al. Piastów 50a, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland
  2. Graduate of the Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Al. Piastów 50a, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The paleo-tectonic stress fieldwas hereby inverted by using the stereographic projection method through field and underground observations of conjugate shear joints. On the basis of analyzing and studying the characteristics of gas occurrence in mining areas, the control effect of paleo-tectonic stress field on gas occurrence was discussed from three aspects of gas generation, preservation environment and gas migration. The results show that: (1) During the Indosinian and early-middle Yanshan period, the coal seam was buried deep, and the temperature and pressure conditions were suitable for massive gas generation, especially during the Indosinian period featuring massive gas generation and weak gas migration; (2) During the late Yanshan period, the metamorphic evolution rate of coal seams accelerated, secondary hydrocarbon generation occurred in the coal seams, and a large amount of gas was generated. Meanwhile, the gas migration was enhanced. The gas generation amount was much larger than the emission amount, therefore, making it still a period of massive gas generation in general; (3) During the Himalayan period, the coal measure stratum was in the uplift stage, and a large number of geological structures were developed in the stratum. The tectonic stress field in this period caused the escape of massive coal seam gas. Multi-stage tectonic stress field acted on coal measures strata in turn, resulting in gas generation in coal seam and gas migration at the same time. Besides, gas occurrence is the superposition effect of gas generation, preservation conditions, and gas migration in coal seam.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Weidong Gong
1
ORCID: ORCID
Kunyun Tian
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ruilin Zhang
1
ORCID: ORCID
Xing Xu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Wenyong Zhang
1
ORCID: ORCID
Juan Luo
1
ORCID: ORCID
Qing Yuan
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. School of Resource and Safety Engineering, Henan University of Engineering, Zhengzhou 451191, China
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The prefabricated concrete frame structure system has advantages such as short construction period and good seismic performance, but its deformation and energy dissipation capacity are poor under earthquake action, making it prone to damage. By improving the analysis and simulation functions of existing finite element analysis for prefabricated structures, the engineering applicability of the analysis algorithm has been improved. Then, a finite element model has been established for collaborative optimization, and a parameterized optimization scheme that meets the seismic reduction requirements has been obtained. The results show that the optimization method proposed in the study has a better effect in seeking the minimum cost, and meets the design requirements of the specification. The optimization scheme of prefabricated concrete frames designed by the research institute based on finite element analysis can efficiently optimize various parameters, greatly improving the structure energy dissipation and seismic performance.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Zhengjian Li
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Jiaozuo University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

This article investigates the issue of beam misalignment in continuous curved beam bridges. Taking the D0–D6 spans of the Gongbin Road elevated bridge as a basis, real-time monitoring of the stress and displacement of the beams is carried out during the jacking and shifting construction process. At the same time, the reaction forces of each support are monitored. The jacking force of the hydraulic jacks is controlled to ensure the stability and safety of the beam during the construction process. Finally, the jacking and shifting monitoring data is organized and compared with theoretical values. It is found that the stress values generated during the jacking phase of the bridge are below the stress control standard. No uplift phenomenon occurs at the supports, and the jacking height is controlled within a reasonable range. The construction process does not cause damage to the beams, and it is safe and reliable. During the shifting construction, the whole bridge was displaced using the jacking method, and the three working conditions were monitored throughout the process. The stress increment at the 2# and 4# sections was relatively small, and the measured stress increments for the entire bridge were all below the stress control standard. The displacement of the bridge abutment during the jacking process was minimal, with no contact with the abutment blocks, and no significant elastic deformation occurred. The jacking displacement was successfully achieved.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Xilong Zheng
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Harbin University, School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, No.109 Zhongxing Da Dao, Harbin,China
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

This study investigates the problem of beam deflection in curved continuous beam bridges. Taking the D0–D6 spans of the Gongbin Road viaduct as a basis, the main factors influencing the deflection of curved beam bridges are analyzed. The Midas/Civil finite element simulation software is used to calculate and analyze the causes of transverse and longitudinal deflection in curved beam bridges. The results show that the main influencing factor for beam deflection during operation is the system temperature, which causes a displacement greater than the combined displacement caused by self-weight, construction stage, gradient load, vehicle load, and bearing settlement. Damages to expansion joints during operation change the boundary conditions of the beam, preventing longitudinal free expansion under temperature load, and increasing the transverse displacement to 2–3 times the normal working state of the expansion joint, resulting in beam deflection. In the design phase, the selection of curvature radius and fixed support displacement is also a major factor affecting deflection. The smaller the curvature radius, the greater the influence on transverse and longitudinal deflection of the beam. However, when the curvature radius R is greater than 400 m, the impact on beam deflection can be neglected. The closer the fixed support position is to the ends of the bridge, the higher the possibility of bearing detachment, ultimately leading to beam deflection.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Xilong Zheng
1
ORCID: ORCID
Di Guan
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Harbin University, School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, No.109 Zhongxing Da Dao, Harbin,China
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The impact of civil engineering course education on civil engineers is profound and crucial. Due to the hierarchical and ambiguous nature of quality assessment for flipped classroom teaching, there is an urgent demand for a rational and effective approach to conduct such assessments. This would enable the targeted formulation of instructional improvement methods based on assessment outcomes, ultimately elevating the quality of pedagogy. This study combines the analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy evaluation method. The fuzzy evaluation method is utilized to identify four primary evaluation factor sets, fourteen secondary judgment factor sets, and five evaluation outcome sets, with subsequent quantification of the assessment results. The analytic hierarchy process is employed to ascertain the weight coefficients of the evaluation factors. The comprehensive assessment model for flipped classroom teaching quality is established. The assessment results indicate that the overall quality of flipped classroom teaching in the civil engineering major at Anhui University of Science and Technology, conducted through the platform of Superstar Learning Hub, falls within the ‘Good’ category. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation score for extracurricular learning quality is the lowest, and the weight proportion attributed to flipped classroom infrastructure is the highest. Consequently, several targeted improvement measures are proposed to enhance the quality of flipped classroom teaching.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Weipei Xue
1
ORCID: ORCID
Wei Jing
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Anhui University of Science and Technology, School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Taifeng Street 168, 232001 Huainan, China
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

With the rapid development of the construction industry and higher requirements on the properties of materials, extensive studies have been made to improve the property of the concrete and cementitious materials. This paper mainly studies the mechanical property, anti-chlorine ion diffusion, anti-chlorine ion diffusion, anti-freezing performance, hydration process, microstructure and rheological property of the concrete and cementitious materials after adding cellulose nanofibers. Results showed that the compressive strength of C40 concrete with 0.15% cellulose nanofibers added was 75.72 MPa at 56 days of age, 23.11% higher than that of the control group. It was also higher than that of concrete with 0.20% cellulose nanofibers admixture added. When the content of cellulose nanofibers was 0.15%, the flexural strength reached the maximum value of 6.55 MPa, improving by 24% compared with the control group. Under the circumstances of 150 freeze-thaw cycles, the mass loss rate of C50 concrete with 0.15% CNFs admixture registered at 0.41%, reducing by 0.81% compared with the control group. However, when the cellulose nanofibers increased to 0.20%, the mass loss rate of the concrete reached 0.48%, indicating that adding an appropriate amount of cellulose nanofibers could improve the performance of the concrete. The study provides a strong scientific basis for modifying concrete and cementitious materials.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Ze Wu
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Sanmenxia Vocational and Technical College, Sanmenxia 472000, China
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is one of the most useful non-destructive techniques for locating underground objects. Advancements in this technology have facilitated the development of new sensors over the past decade. In this paper, an accuracy assessment of the location of underground objects using various GPR antennas is presented. To achieve the stated goals, measurements of 5 concrete slabs, reinforced with steel bars of various diameters and located at variable depths were taken. The experiment includes the usage of three GPR antennas to assess the format, characteristics, and differences of extracted data. This set of antennas from different manufacturers varied in terms of operating frequency. Additional lidar data from TLS (terrestrial laser scanning) was utilized in the methodology to provide precise surface measurements and therefore, external orientation of the surveyed data. The experiment allowed for the determination of vertical and horizontal accuracy for three tested antennas and the assessment of increasing errors value with greater depth of the measured items, which is important for surveying accuracy forecasting.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Anna Lejzerowicz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Paweł Czernic
2
ORCID: ORCID
Magdalena Pilarska-Mazurek
3
ORCID: ORCID
Kamil Załęgowski
4
ORCID: ORCID
Jakub Górka
3
ORCID: ORCID
Krzysztof Bakuła
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637 Warsaw,Poland
  2. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography, Pl. Politechniki 1, 00-661,Warsaw,Poland
  3. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography, Pl. Politechniki 1, 00-661,Warsaw, Poland
  4. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637Warsaw, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

This study, centered around the engineering context of the Wuxue Yangtze River Bridge, addresses the challenge of significant temperature-induced secondary internal forces in the short lower tower column. A novel open lower corbel tower scheme is proposed as a solution. Firstly, comprehensive finite element models are established for both the open lower corbel pylon scheme and the traditional lower continuous beam pylon scheme. These models are employed for finite element analysis to derive bending moments and displacements of the bridge pylon under various loads, including permanent, vehicle, temperature, and wind loads. Subsequently, considering internal force distribution and stiffness, a comparative assessment is made between the open lower corbel cable pylon scheme and the traditional lower continuous beam cable pylon scheme. The findings reveal that the open corbel structure bridge pylon exhibits lower transverse bending moment values under the influence of permanent load, vehicle load, temperature load, and wind load. This reduction is advantageous for mitigating the issue of significant temperature-induced secondary internal forces in the bridge pylon. Additionally, the transverse bridge stiffness of the open lower corbel cable pylon scheme is found to be on par with that of the lower continuous beam cable pylon scheme. Moreover, topology optimization of the original corbel design is accomplished using the relative density method. The computational results demonstrate that the corbel’s stress and deformation under vertical loads meet code requirements. These research findings offer valuable insights for the design and construction of similar projects.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Dong Li
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. The 1st Engineering Company Limited, China Railway Construction Bridge Engineering Bureau Group,116033, Dalian, China
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Every decision or action taken as part of a construction project involves risk. Unforeseen branch works that may occur during the construction investment are the so-called additional work. They cause risk, both for the contractor and the investor. Skilful management of this risk may lead to minimizing the change in the investment duration or minimizing the change in the cost of the contractual amount. The work proposes a method of analysing the risk of industrial works that may occur during additional works in railway construction investments. A constructed Bayesian network based on the risk component of industrial works was used for the analysis. Bayesian networks are listed as one of the 31 techniques suggested for risk analysis in accordance with the ISO 31010 standard, which enables the correct analysis of the examined problem with satisfactory accuracy. During the construction of the network, historical data was obtained from completed and settled railway infrastructure construction projects, and 125 unique records corresponding to additional works were identified. The created Bayesian network combines technological aspects resulting from the specificity of the implementation of branch works in railway construction projects with a practical assessment of their risk. The proposed network model allows for risk analysis by defining various event scenarios, and has high application capacity resulting from the ease of applying its results in practice in the implementation of railway investments.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Agnieszka Lesniak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Filip Janowiec
2
ORCID: ORCID
Jorge Rueda Benavides
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
  2. Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow,Poland
  3. Auburn University, College Of Engineering, Department of Civil and EnvironmentalEngineering, 238 Harbert Center, Auburn, AL 36849 USA
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

This study focuses on the complex dynamics of heat dissipation within diaphragm walls during concrete hydration, crucial in construction engineering. Experimental measurements from three sites in Poland, featuring diaphragm walls of varying thicknesses, ranging from 1 to 1.5 meters, were compared to a numerical model. The model, using a Finite Difference Method, incorporated stages of execution of adjacent panels and their thermal influence. The results closely mirrored the measured temperatures, validating the accuracy of its predictions. Despite minor discrepancies, mostly within ±3°C, the method effectively approximated real-life scenarios. Suggestions for model enhancements include incorporating the effect of concrete admixtures and refining the modeling of sequential panel execution. The thermal soil parameters, their possible range, and their impact on hydration heat dissipation in deep foundations emerged as crucial insights. This research serves as a foundation for deeper investigations into early-age behavior in deep foundations, aiming to extend the analysis to stress and strain domains to unravel characteristic cracking patterns observed in diaphragm walls.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Łukasz Grabowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Monika Mitew-Czajewska
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637Warsaw, Poland, Soletanche Polska Sp. z o.o., Al. “Solidarnosci” 173 bud. C, 00-877 Warsaw, Poland
  2. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637Warsaw, Poland

Publication Ethics Policy

ETHICS POLICY

”Archives of Civil Engineering” respects and promotes the principles of publishing ethics. Being guided by COPE’s Guidelines ( https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines) we ensure that all participants of the publishing process comply with these rules, the journal pays special attention to:

Editor Responsibilities
1. Qualifying individual manuscripts for publication only on the basis of: (a) compliance with the guidelines provided to the authors, (b) substantive value, (c) originality, (d) transparency of presentation
2. Deciding whether the paper fulfills all requirements i.e. formal and scientific and which articles submitted to the journal should be published. In making these decisions, the editor may be guided by the policies of the journal’s editorial board as well as by legal requirements regarding libel, copyright infringement, and plagiarism.
3. Evaluating manuscripts for intellectual content without regard to race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship, or political philosophy of the author(s).
4. Ensuring scientific accuracy and complying with the principle of authorship; making sure that individual authors who contribute to the publication accept its form after the scientific editing
5. Providing a fair and appropriate peer review process.
6. Withdrawing manuscripts from publication, if any information about its unreliability appeared, also as a result of unintentional errors, features of plagiarism or violation of the rules of publishing ethics were identified.
7. Requiring all contributors to disclose relevant competing interests and publish corrections if competing interests are revealed after publication. If needed, other appropriate action should be taken, such as the publication of a retraction or expression of concern.
8. Maintaining the integrity of the academic record, precludes business needs from compromising intellectual and ethical standards, and is always willing to publish corrections, clarifications, retractions, and apologies when needed.
9. Not disclosing any information about a manuscript under consideration to anyone other than the author(s), reviewers and potential reviewers, and in some instances the editorial board members, as appropriate.

Reviewer Responsibilities
1. Cooperating with the scientific editor and / or editorial office and the authors in the field of improving the reviewed material;
2. Being objective and expressing the views clearly with appropriate supporting arguments.
3. Assessing of the entrusted works in a careful and objective manner, if possible with an assessment of their scientific reliability and with appropriate justification of the comments submitted;
4. identifying relevant published work that has not been cited by the authors
5. calling to the editor's attention any substantial similarity or overlap between the manuscript under consideration and any other published data of which they have personal knowledge
6. Maintaining the principle of fair play, excluding personal criticism of the author (s)
7. Maintaining confidentiality, which is not showing or discussing with others except those authorized by the editor. Any manuscripts received for review are treated as confidential documents.
8. Performing a review within the set time limit or accepting another solution jointly with ACE in the event of failure to meet this deadline.
9. Notifying the editor if the invited reviewer feels unqualified to review the manuscript or knows that its timely review will be impossible.
10. identifying relevant published work that has not been cited by the authors
11. Not considering evaluating manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions connected to the submission.

Author Responsibilities
1. Results of original research should present an accurate account of the work performed as well as an objective discussion of its significance. Underlying data should be represented accurately in the manuscript. A paper should contain sufficient detail and references to permit others to replicate the work. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements constitute unethical behaviour and are unacceptable.
2. The authors should follow the principle of originality, which is submitting only their own original works, and in the case of using the works of other authors, marking them in accordance with the rules of quotation, or obtaining consent for the publication of previously published materials from their owners or administrators;
3. An author should not in general publish manuscripts describing essentially the same research in more than one journal or primary publication. Parallel submission of the same manuscript to more than one journal constitutes unethical publishing behaviour and is unacceptable.
4. Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study and phenomena such as ghostwriting or guest authorship in the event of their detection must be actively counteracted.
5. All authors should report in a Reliable manner the sources they used to create their own study and their inclusion in the attachment bibliography;
6. All those who have made significant contributions should be listed as co-authors. Where there are others who have participated in certain substantive aspects of the research project, they should be named in an Acknowledgement section.
7. The corresponding author should ensure that all appropriate co-authors (according to the above definition) and no inappropriate co-authors are included in the author list of the manuscript, and that all co-authors have seen and approved the final version of the paper and have agreed to its submission for publication.
8. All authors should disclose in their manuscript any financial or other substantive conflict of interest that might be construed to influence the results or their interpretation in the manuscript. All sources of financial support for the project should be disclosed.
9. When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published work, it is the author’s obligation to promptly notify the journal’s editor or publisher and cooperate with them to either retract the paper or to publish an appropriate erratum.

Publisher’s Confirmation
In cases of alleged or proven scientific misconduct, fraudulent publication or plagiarism the publisher, in close collaboration with the editors, will take all appropriate measures to clarify the situation and to amend the article in question. This includes the prompt publication of an erratum or, in the most severe cases, the complete retraction of the affected work.

Peer-review Procedure

Manuscript Peer-Review Procedure

”Archives of Civil Engineering” makes sure to provide transparent policies for peer-review, and reviewers have an obligation to conduct reviews in an ethical and accountable manner. There is clear communication between the journal and the reviewers which facilitates consistent, fair, and timely review.

-The model of peer-review is double-blind: the reviewers do not know the names of the authors, and the authors do not know who reviewed their manuscript (but if the research is published reviewers can eventually know the names of the authors). A complete list of reviewers is published in a traditional version of the journal: in-print.
-It is the editor who appoints two reviewers; however, if there are discrepancies in the assessment the third reviewer can be appointed.
-After having accepted to review the manuscript (one-week deadline), the reviewers have approximately 6 weeks to finish the process.
-The paper is published in ACE provided that the reviews are positive. All manuscripts receive grades from 1-5, 5 being positive, 1 negative, the authors receive reviews to read and consider the comments.
-Manuscript evaluations are assigned one of five outcomes: accept without changes, accept after changes suggested by the reviewer, rate manuscript once again after major changes and another review, reject, withdraw.
-Manuscripts requiring minor revision (accept after changes suggested by the reviewer) does not require a second review. All manuscripts receiving a "Rate manuscript once again after major changes and another review " evaluation must be subjected to a second review. Rejected manuscripts are given no further consideration. There are cases when the article can be withdrawn, often upon the request of an author, technical reason (e.g. names of authors are placed in the text, lack of references, or inappropriate structure of the text), or plagiarism.
-The revised version of the manuscript should be uploaded to the Editorial System within six weeks. If the author(s) failed to make satisfactory changes, the manuscript is rejected.
-On acceptance, manuscripts are subject to editorial amendment to suit house style.
-Paper publication requires the author's final approval.
- As soon as the publication appears in print and in electronic forms on the Internet there is no possibility to change the content of the article.

Editor’s responsibilities
-The editor decides whether the paper fulfills all requirements i.e. formal and scientific and which articles submitted to the journal should be published.
-In making these decisions, the editor may be guided by the policies of the journal’s editorial board as well as by legal requirements regarding libel, copyright infringement, and plagiarism.
-The editor maintains the integrity of the academic record, precludes business needs from compromising intellectual and ethical standards, and is always willing to publish corrections, clarifications, retractions, and apologies when needed.
-The editor evaluates manuscripts for intellectual content without regard to race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship, or political philosophy of the author(s).
-The editor does not disclose any information about a manuscript under consideration to anyone other than the author(s), reviewers and potential reviewers, and in some instances the editorial board members, as appropriate.

Reviewers' responsibilities
Any manuscripts received for review are treated as confidential documents. They must not be shown to or discussed with others except if authorized by the editor. Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review is kept confidential and not used for personal advantage Any invited reviewer who feels unqualified to review the manuscript or knows that its timely review will be impossible should immediately notify the editor so that alternative reviewers can be contacted. Reviewers should identify relevant published work that has not been cited by the authors. Any statement that an observation, derivation, or argument had been previously reported should be accompanied by the relevant citation. A reviewer should also call to the editor's attention any substantial similarity or overlap between the manuscript under consideration and any other published data of which they have personal knowledge. Reviewers should not consider evaluating manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions connected to the submission. Reviews should be conducted objectively. Personal criticism of the author is unacceptable. Referees should express their views clearly with appropriate supporting arguments. All reviews must be carried out on a special form available in the Editorial System.

This page uses 'cookies'. Learn more